書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-唐山師范學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis（診斷）andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.

Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（

）.

2.Muchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

（

）.

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,

（

）.

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（

）.

問題1選項

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersofjournalism

B.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

C.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceinjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

問題2選項

A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattention

C.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

問題3選項

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

D.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

問題4選項

A.anewsarticle

B.aresearchreport

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.apreface

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由第一段“Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.正如我們所知，在新聞業和其他領域一樣，我們可以從專業實踐的系統研究中學到很多東西。這樣的研究收集了一些證據，從中可以發展出廣泛而普遍的原則。”可知第一段主要說明應該將重點放在專業實踐的研究上。答案B

第2題:細節事實題。由第二段中“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.遺憾的是，關于采訪的大量文獻很少關注新聞采訪”可知C項“新聞采訪作為一個特殊的領域被忽視了”正確。

第3題:細節事實題。由最后一段中“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.然而，實際上很少有人已當面被大眾媒體，特別是被電視采訪”。可知D項正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由最后一句asthisbookindicates可知文章有可能是一本書的序言。答案D

2.單選題

OnlytheChinesehavesuccessfully（）pandasandraisedtheirbabiesincaptivity.

問題1選項

A.bred

B.expanded

C.exerted

D.availed

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Bred繁殖，飼養；expanded擴張；exerted運用，發揮；availed有利，有用。句意：只有中國人成功地繁殖了熊貓，并在圈養環境下哺育熊貓幼崽。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

Theyoungwomanwassobeautifulthatshe______everyotherwomanattheball.

問題1選項

A.belittled

B.foiled

C.offset

D.eclipsed

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.belittled貶低；小看B.foiled挫敗；阻止

C.offset抵消；彌補D.eclipsed使失色；黯然失色

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據so…that可知，此處是結果狀語從句，根據前半句句意“那位年輕女子是如此漂亮”可推知，she______everyotherwoman是指“她令其他女子黯然失色”，故該題選擇D項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項都不符合句意。

【句意】那位年輕女子太漂亮了，使舞會上的其他婦女黯然失色。

4.單選題

ReformingtheSocialSecurityretirementprogramisanissueofenormouspracticalimportance.YetitremainsthemissingpieceinAmericanpolicyanalysis.AtatimewhentheCongressandtheAdministrationareconsideringwaystoreformwelfare,Medicare,Medicaid,andtheincometax,electedofficialsarestillunwillingtoconfronttheseriousproblemsofourSocialSecuritysystem.Eventually,however,itsdeterioratingfinancialconditionwillforcemajorreforms.Whetherthosereformsaregoodorbad,whethertheydealwiththebasiceconomicproblemsofthesystemormerelyprotectthesolvencyofexistinginstitutionalarrangementswilldependinpartonwhetherwe,aseconomists,providetheappropriateintellectualframeworkforanalyzingreformalternatives.

Majorpolicychangesthataffectthepublicatlargecanonlyhappeninourdemocracy,whenthereiswidespreadpublicsupportforthenewdirectionofpolicy.Inthefieldofeconomics,theviewsofthemedia,ofotherprivate-sectoropinionleaders,andofpoliticiansandtheiradvisers,dependverymuchontheirperceptionofwhateconomistsbelievefeasibleandcorrect.Fundamentalpolicyreformsinacomplexarealikesocialsecurityalsorequirethedevelopmentoftechnicalexpertise,bothinandoutofgovernment,abouttheoptionsforchangeandtheirlikelyconsequences.Fortunately,anexpandinggroupofeconomistsisnowthinkingandwritingaboutsocialsecurityreform.Myremarkstodaygreatlybenefitfromwhattheyhavewrittenandfrommyconversationswithmanyofthem.

IbegantodomyresearchontheeffectsofSocialSecurityreformnearly25yearsago(Feldstein,1974,1975).AcentralconceptinmyanalysisofSocialSecurityhasbeenthenotionof“SocialSecuritywealth”,whichIdefinedasthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefitstowhichthecurrentadultpopulationwillbeentitledatage65(orarealreadyentitledtoiftheyareolderthan65)minusthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxesthattheywillpaybeforereachingthatage.SocialSecuritywealthhasnowgrowntoabout$11trillionormorethan1.5timesGDP.Sincethisisequivalenttomorethan$50,000foreveryadultinthecountry,thevalueofSocialSecuritywealthsubstantiallyexceedsallotherassetsforthevastmajorityofAmericanhouseholds.Intheaggregate,SocialSecuritywealthexceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth,asconventionallymeasured.

SocialSecuritywealthisofcoursenotrealwealthbutonlyaclaimoncurrentandfuturetaxpayers.Insteadoflabelingthiskeymagnitude“SocialSecuritywealth”,Icouldhavecalleditthenation’s“SocialSecurityliability”.Likeordinarygovernmentdebt,SocialSecuritywealthhasthepowertocrowdoutprivatecapitalaccumulation,andSocialSecuritywealthwillcontinuetogrowaslongasourcurrentsystemremainsunchangeddisplacinganeverlargerstockofcapital.

The$11trillionSocialSecurityliabilityisthreetimesaslargeastheofficialnationaldebt.AlthoughIcertainlywelcomethecurrentpoliticaleffortstoshrinkfuturebudgetdeficits,itisworthnotingthat,evenifthetraditionaldeficitiseliminatedintheyear2002,sothatthenationaldebtisthennolongerincreasing,thenationaldebtintheformoftheSocialSecurityliabilityislikelytoincreasethatyearbyabout$300billion.

Lookingfurtherintothefuture,theaggregateSocialSecurityliabilitywillgrowasthepopulationexpands,asitbecomesrelativelyolder,andasincomerises.Governmentactuariespredictthat,underexistinglaw,thetaxraterequiredtopayeachyear’sSocialSecuritybenefitwillriseoverthenext50yearsfromthepresentlevelofslightlylessthan12percenttomorethan18percent,andperhapstoasmuchas23percent.

1.Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.

2.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theword“alternatives”refersto____.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,majorpolicychangescanonlyhappenin____.

4.Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.

5.ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.

6.Ratherthanwealth,thiskeymagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.

問題1選項

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

C.majorpolicychangesintheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

D.governmentdebtintheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

問題2選項

A.courses

B.thoughts

C.people

D.occasions

問題3選項

A.socialsecuritywealthintheUnitedStates

B.democraticcountries

C.acountrywhereandwhenopinionupholdschange

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.areaquestionofpersonalstyle

B.representvitalnewinformation

C.identitytheauthor

D.refertoadifferentauthor

問題5選項

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65

B.doesnotapplytobenefitsafterage65

C.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65

D.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeago

問題6選項

A.ithasnowgrownto$11trillion

B.itisequivalenttomorethan$50,000foreveryadultinthecountry

C.itgrowssteadilythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapital

D.itisadebttobepaid

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.文中提到的財務狀況惡化是由____造成的。

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogramA.社會保障退休計劃的糟糕的經濟方法

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramB.社會保障退休計劃中的福利改革

C.majorpolicychangesintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramC.社會保障退休計劃中的重大政策變化

D.governmentdebtintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramD.社會保障退休計劃中的政府債務

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞deteriorationfinancialcondition定位到原文第1段第4句，該句提到“其日益惡化的財政狀況（itsdeterioratingfinancialcondition）最終（Eventually）將迫使其進行重大改革（majorreforms）。”由此可知，后文介紹的應該是財政狀況惡化的結果——改革，因此，導致財政狀況惡化的原因應該去前文中找。前一句提到“當國會和政府正在考慮如何改革社會福利、醫療保險、醫療補助和所得稅時，官員們仍然不愿意面對我們社會保障體系的嚴重問題。”由此可知，在討論制定社會保障計劃時，政府官員們的方法不當，不愿意處理社會保障體系中的嚴重問題，由此最終導致需要進行改革。A選項“制定社會保障退休計劃的糟糕的經濟方法”最符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“社會保障退休計劃中的福利改革”，根據【解題思路】可知，“改革”是“財政狀況惡化”的結果，而本題詢問的是“財政狀況惡化”的原因，該選項屬于因果倒置；

C選項“社會保障退休計劃中的重大政策變化”，“重大政策變化”可定位到原文第2段第1句，該句提到“只有當新的政策方向得到公眾的廣泛支持時，才能發生影響廣大公眾的重大政策變化”，與本題無關；

D選項“社會保障退休計劃中的政府債務”，“政府債務”是原文第4-6段的內容，根據原文可知，與本題無關。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theword“alternatives”refersto____.第一段的最后一句中“alternatives”指的是____。

A.coursesA.課程；路線

B.thoughtsB.想法；看法

C.peopleC.人民

D.occasionsD.重大場合

【答案】D

【考查點】詞匯推理題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞thefirstparagraph和thelastsentence定位到原文最后一段最后一句，該句提到“這些改革是好是壞，是解決體系的基本經濟問題，還是僅僅保護現有制度安排的償付能力，將部分取決于我們，作為經濟學家，是否提供適當的知識框架來分析____。”原詞alternatives的本義為“可供替代的選擇”，在這里應該指的是一些供選擇的改革方案（reformalternatives）。D選項occasions可以指重大的社會事件或場合，reformoccasions指的是“改革”這件事，與原文的語義最接近。

【干擾項排除】A選項courses“課程；路線”、B選項thoughts“想法；看法”、C選項people“人民”完全不符合原文語義。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,majorpolicychangescanonlyhappenin____.根據作者的觀點，主要的政策變化只能發生在____。

A.socialsecuritywealthintheUnitedStatesA.美國的社會保障財富

B.democraticcountriesB.民主國家

C.acountrywhereandwhenopinionupholdschangeC.在一個輿論支持改變的國家

D.alloftheaboveD.以上所有

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細節題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞majorpolicychanges定位到原文第2段第一句，該句提到“在我們的民主體制中，只有在新的政策方向得到公眾的廣泛支持（publicsupport）時，影響廣大公眾的重大政策變化（Majorpolicychanges）才能發生（canonlyhappeninourdemocracy）。”由此可知，只有當一個國家的民眾支持政策變革時，重大的政策變化才能發生，C選項“在一個輿論支持改變的國家”最符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“美國的社會保障財富”，雖然本文的話題是社會保障，但是原文并沒有說作者認為美國的重大政策只能發生在社會保障的財富領域，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“民主國家”，如果選擇了這個選項，應該是對原文inourdemocracy理解有誤差，原文中，inourdemocracy應該是整個句子的狀語，指在我們這個民主國家，重大的政策變化只能發生在什么時候，而不是說只能發生在我們這個民主國家，該選項屬于曲解原文；

D選項“以上所有”，A、B選項都不滿足，該項也不能選。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.在第三段中，括號里的名字和日期____。

A.areaquestionofpersonalstyleA.是個人風格的問題

B.representvitalnewinformationB.代表重要的新信息

C.identitytheauthorC.標明作者的身份

D.refertoadifferentauthorD.指向一個不同的作者

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞Inparagraphthree定位到原文第3段。本段第一句提到“近25年前，我開始研究社會保障改革的影響（費爾德斯坦，1974，1975）。”在論文中，通常會使用括號中標明作者和日期的格式，來提示這是該作者該時間的研究。原文中括號里的名字和日期是為了表明關于社會保障改革的影響的研究是費爾德斯坦在1974到1975年的著作。C選項“標明作者的身份”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“是個人風格的問題”，表述錯誤，這種做法是慣例；

B選項“代表重要的新信息”，表述錯誤，原文中作者已經點明這是他自己25年前的研究，所以不屬于新信息；

D選項“指向一個不同的作者”，表述錯誤，是同一個作者。

第5題:【選項釋義】

ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.社會保障財富的定義____。

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65A.適用于65歲之前可支付的福利

B.doesnotapplytobenefitsafterage65B.不適用于65歲之后的福利

C.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65C.包括65歲以前支付的精算現值

D.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeagoD.是25年前形成的

【答案】D

【考查點】事實細節題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞definitionofSocialSecuritywealth定位到原文第3段。本段第1句提到“差不多25年前（nearly25yearsago），我開始研究社會保障改革的影響。”該段第2句提到“在我對社會保障的分析中（inmyanalysisofSocialSecurity），一個中心概念是‘社會保障財富’，我把它定義為（whichIdefinedas）社會保障福利的精算現值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefits）（現在的成年人在65歲時將有權享受或65歲以上的老年人已經享受了）減去（minus）他們在達到那個年齡之前支付的社會保障稅的精算現值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxes）。”由此可知，關于“社會保障財富”的概念是作者在他25年前的一份研究中定義的。D選項“是25年前形成的”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“適用于65歲之前可支付的福利”，由【解題思路】可知，根據定義，65歲之前交稅，65歲及65歲以上才可能有資格享受福利，該選項表述錯誤，屬于偷換概念；

B選項“不適用于65歲之后的福利”，表述錯誤，定義適用于65歲之后的福利，該選項屬于曲解原文；

C選項“包括65歲以前支付的精算現值”，表述錯誤，由【解題思路】可知，“社會保障財富”的定義為“65歲及65歲以后享受到的福利的精算現值減去這些人65歲以前交的稅的精算現值”，它是一個差額，而不是單獨的某一個精算現值，該選項屬于曲解原文。

第6題:【選項釋義】

Ratherthanwealth,thiskeymagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.這個關鍵的量度可能被理解為負債而不是財富，因為____。

A.ithasnowgrownto$11trillionA.現在已經增長到11萬億美元了

B.itisequivalenttomorethan$50,000foreveryadultinthecountryB.對這個國家的每個成年人來說相當于5萬多美元

C.itgrowssteadilythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapitalC.它通過私人資本的積累而穩步增長

D.itisadebttobepaidD.這是一筆需要償還的債

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題詢問的是為什么把它稱之為“負債”而不是“財富”。根據題干關鍵詞wealth、magnitude和liability定位到原文第4段第2句，該句提到“我本可以稱其為國家的‘社會保障負債’，而不是將其稱為‘社會保障財富’。”而作者說這句話的背景是，前一句提到“社會保障財富當然不是真正的財富（notrealwealth），而只是（butonly）對當前和未來納稅人的一種要求（aclaim）。”由此可知，之所以把它稱之為“負債”是因為它需要納稅人交稅，相當于一筆要償還的債務，D選項“這是一筆需要償還的債”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“現在已經增長到11萬億美元了”，表述正確，但與本題無關；

B選項“對這個國家的每個成年人來說相當于5萬多美元”，表述正確，但與本題無關；

C選項“它通過私人資本的積累而穩步增長”，表述錯誤，原文第4段最后一句提到“社會保障財富有能力將私人資本積累擠出。”由此可知，它并不是通過私人資本積累而增長的。

5.單選題

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong?termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeighthoursofsleepanightareoftenoverplayedandcancauseundueworry.Althoughthisimportantstudyseemstosupportthisconcern,theparticipantshadtheirsleepsuddenlyrestrictedtoanunusuallylowlevel,whichmusthavebeensomewhatstressfulWe

mustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep.Besides,sleepcanadapttosomechange,andshouldalsobejudgedonitsquality,notsimplyonitstotalamount.”

1.BasedonwhatisreportedintextA,Prof.Dijkseemstohavechosenthevolunteersforhissleepexperiments（

）.

2.TheresearchdescribedintextA（

）.

3.Theuseoftheverbtoclaiminparagraph3indicatesthattheresearchers（

）.

4.WhenthesleepresearcherswhoseworkisthefocusoftextAneededtofindouthowmuchsleeptheirhumanexperimentalsubjectsweregetting,they（

）.

5.AccordingtotextA,DrDijk'sresearchindicatesthatobesity（

）.

6.Prof.Home’sremarks(paragraph8)（

）.

問題1選項

A.primarilyfromamonguniversityundergraduateswithagreatdealoffreetime.

B.fromanagegroupinwhichphysicalgrowthhadendedandmajorundetectedhealthproblemswereunlikelytobepresent.

C.fromarandomassortmentofBritishpeople.

D.fromamongthepeoplemostlikelytosufferfrominterruptedsleeporothersleepingproblems.

問題2選項

A.usefullyconfirmstheworkofearlierresearchersbutofferslittlethatisnew.

B.offersbiologicalclarificationofresearchdoneearlier.

C.contradictstheresultsofearlierresearch.

D.ispioneeringworkofakindneverdonebefore.

問題3選項

A.aresurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

B.havenoreasonnottobelievethatthesleepdataarecorrect.

C.thinkthatthereislittlereasontoacceptthesleepdata.

D.cannotbeabsolutelysurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

問題4選項

A.usedtechnicalmeanstoworkouthowmuchthevolunteershadreallyslept.

B.watchedthesleepingvolunteersinthelabtoseehowlongtheyslept.

C.estimatedthefiguresbyaveragingsleepdataarrivedatbyvariousmeans.

D.reliedonstatementsmadebythevolunteersusedintheexperiments.

問題5選項

A.isthedirectresultofgettingtoolittlesleep.

B.maybethedirectresultofnotgettingenoughsleep.

C.mayresultfromorbeworsenedbyalterationsinthegenesofpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.

D.cannotbeshowntohaveanyreasonabledirectorindirectconnectionwithsleepingpatterns.

問題6選項

A.cautionreadersnottoconcludetoomuchfromProf.Dijk’sfindings

B.emphasizetheimportanceforallhumanbeingsofgetting8hoursofsleepnightly

C.warnthatdangerousstressistheinevitableresultofgettingtoolittlesleep

D.underlinetheimportanceandvalueofProf.Dijk'sresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干意思“基于文章A中的陳述，教授Dijk為自己的睡眠實驗選擇的自愿者似乎…”定位至第四段“ProfessorDijk'steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years...教授Dijk的團隊要求身體都健康且年齡介于23至31歲的14位男人和12位女人……”,由此可知知B項“來自身體發育已停止且不太可能有主要的未被發現的健康問題的年齡群體”正確。

2.細節事實題。由第二段中“Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,may

shedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.這些對超過700個基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺過少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風險增加的生物學機制。”及第三段中“Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.先前的研究顯示，每晚睡眠少于5小時的人相比睡好覺的同齡人死于各種原因的風險增加了15%。”的對應關系知B項“為早些時候的研究提供了生物學上的闡明”正確。

3.詞義題。claim本意指“要求；聲稱”及它在第三段的主語分別是“英國工人”和“在美國接受調研的人”,由此推測claim這個詞的使用表明研究者對睡眠對聲稱的睡眠數據不能確定，由此知D項“不能完全確定這些睡眠數據是精確的”正確。

4.細節事實題。第四段指出:UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight，...(通過使用腦電圖傳感器，科學家發現每晚睡覺十個小時的人每晚大約睡覺8.5個小時。由此可知A項“用技術方式去算出志愿者們真正睡眠時間是多久”正確。

5.C細節事實題。第二段的第一句指出:這些對超過700個基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺過少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風險增加的生物學機制。第六段:Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,...控制新陳代謝的基因發生的變化可能會引發或加劇如糖尿病或肥胖等情況……,可知c項“可能被睡覺很少的人的基因變化引起或惡化”正確。

6.細節事實題。根據題干定位至第八段:Wemustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep(我們必須小心避免去推廣這些發現，如不能將這些發現推廣到習慣六小時睡眠而對自己睡眠滿意人身上),可知A項“告誡讀者不要從教授Dijk的發現上推斷太多”正確。

6.單選題

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide—thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat(1)doesexisttoday.MywifeandI