書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-上海電力大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Thecharitableorganizationsetupa（

）forpeopleescapingfromthewarzone.

問題1選項

A.receipt

B.regiment

C.reign

D.refuge

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項receipt“收據、收入”；B選項regiment“大量的人、統治”；C選項reign“任期、主宰期”；D選項refuge“避難、避難所”，根據句中關鍵詞“warzone交戰地帶”可聯想到refuge“避難、避難所”，句意為：這個慈善組織為逃離戰區的人們設立了避難所。故正確答案選D。

2.單選題

Lying（）farbackinthemountains,thecoalhadtobehauledfromadeepvalley.

問題1選項

A.asitis

B.asitdid

C.wasis

D.didit

【答案】B

【解析】考查強調句用法。“過去分詞+asitis(was)”“現在分詞+asitdoes(did)”是一種強調語氣的表示原因的結構。由于lying為lie的現在分詞，故用“現在分詞+asitdoes(did)”這個句型，此句相當于：Asitlayfarbackinthemountains...句意：由于煤礦位于深山深處，所以必須從深谷里運來。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyusingthewordeventuallyinPara.1?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof___.

4.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT___.

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

問題1選項

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

問題2選項

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet

問題3選項

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

問題4選項

A.tousereligiousthemes

B.toportrayonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.toproduceartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.tocreateworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

問題5選項

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.”，中文翻譯為：歐洲音樂復興與其說是一套特定的音樂技巧，不如說是一場普遍的文化運動和一種精神狀態。可以判斷C選項“歐洲文藝復興是一種包括音樂風格變化在內的文化發展。”正確。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.”，中文翻譯為：1855年，歷史學家朱爾斯?米歇萊(JulesMichelet)在他的《法國歷史》中首次使用了這個詞，隨后被文化歷史學家、藝術歷史學家和音樂歷史學家采用，所有這些歷史學家都在1450-1600年的150年間將其應用于歐洲文化。關鍵詞“eventually”意為“最后；終于”因此可知A選項：音樂歷史學家在其他歷史學家之后才使用“文藝復興”這個詞正確。

3.細節事實題。由題干關鍵詞“thatthinkersoftheRenaissance”可定位到原文第一段“Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.”，中文翻譯為：對這些學者來說，這意味著回歸人類，而不是靈魂價值。判斷C選項“對人類價值的文化強調”正確。

4.細節事實題。A選項“使用宗教主題”，C選項“創作出人們會覺得有吸引力的藝術作品”以及D選項“創作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.”，中文翻譯為：藝術家和作家現在轉向世俗和宗教題材，力求使他們的作品易于理解和吸引人。可知B選項“只描繪人類經歷中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文尾段“Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.”，中文翻譯為：此外，音樂在這一個半世紀里變化如此之快，盡管在不同的國家以不同的速度變化——我們不能定義一個單一的文藝復興風格。判斷出D選項“在文藝復興時期，音樂從未長時間保持不變。”正確。

4.單選題

Youhavetothawthemeatbeforeitcanbecooked.

問題1選項

A.tenderize

B.defrost

C.season

D.braise

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。thaw意為“(結冰后)解凍，融化，融解”；tenderize意為“使嫩，使軟化”；defrost意為“（給……）化霜，（使）解凍”；season意為“加調料調味，加作料”；braise意為“燉，燜”。

句意：烹飪肉之前，你得先解凍它。

5.單選題

Whatyousaynowisnot（

）withwhatyousaidlastweek.

問題1選項

A.persistent

B.insistent

C.permanent

D.consistent

【答案】D

【解析】句意:你現在說的話與你上星期說過的話不一致。

考查形容詞辨析。Persistent堅持的,固執的;insistent堅持的,迫切的;permanent永久的,持久的;consistent始終如一的,持續的。因此D符合句意。

6.單選題

Foreverysocialsituation,thereisa______timethatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.

問題1選項

A.pompous

B.permissible

C.adoptive

D.complacent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項pompous“自大的，浮夸的，華而不實的”，B項permissible“可允許的，獲得準許的”，C項adoptive“采用的，有收養關系的”，D項complacent“自滿的，得意的，滿足的”。由修飾time的定語從句thatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive“你可以凝視一個人，而不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人”可知，“可允許的”符合句意。句意：對于任何一種社交場合，都有一個允許的時間，你可以在不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人的情況下凝視對方。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Handinhandwiththerecentspectacularadvancesinradiotechnology,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthescientificandpublicrespectabilityoftheentiresubjectofextraterrestriallife.AclearsignofthenewattitudeistheVikingmissionstoMarswhicharetoasignificantextentdedicatedtothesearchforlifeonanotherplanet.Butalongwiththeburgeoningdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasemergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundantwhyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?Thinkoftheadvancesbyourowntechnologicalcivilizationinthepasttenthousandyearsandimaginesuchadvancescontinuedovermillionsorbillionsofyearsmore.Ifonlyatinyfractionofadvancedcivilizationsaremillionsorbillionsofyearsmoreadvancedthanours,whyhavetheynotproducedartifactsdevicesorevenindustrialpollutionofsuchmagnitudethatwewouldhavedetectedit?

【答案】隨著無線電技術的突飛猛進，科學界和公眾對外太空生物這一個課題的認識有了極大的提高。這種新態度明顯的標志事件就是向火星發射“海盜”號火星探測器。這些發射在很大程度上是致力于去尋找其他星球上的生物。但是隨著對這項研究的不斷投入，出現了一些帶否定意味但是很有趣的聲音。近來少數科學家提出了一個奇怪的疑問：如果外太空生物多的話為什么我們沒有看到任何相關跡象？想想我們在過去一萬年里科技文明的進步。再設想一下，這些進步將持續數百萬甚至十億年的時間。如果有某個地方的文明比我們的文明先進數百萬年或者數十億年，他們為什么不能生產出一些物件，器械裝置和我們本應該檢測到的大量的工業污染？

8.翻譯題

(1)Sciencefictioncanhelptoexplainwhatscienceandscientistareallabouttothenon-scientists.Itisnoaccidentthatseveralhundreduniversitiesandpublicschoolsarenowofferingsciencefictioncoursesanddiscoveringthattheseclassesareameetinggroundforthescientist-engineersandthehumanists.Scienceandfiction.Reasonandemotion.

Theessenceofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.Bytakingthought,mencanmovemountains—andhave.Inthissense,scienceisanutterlyhumanisticpursuit.

Muchofsciencefictioncelebratesthisspirit.(2)Veryfewsciencefictionstoriespicturehumanityasapassivespecies,allowingthetidalforcesofnaturetoflowfreely.Theheroesofsciencefictionstories—thegodsofthenewmythology—strugglemanfullyagainstthedarkness,whetherit’sgeologicaldoomforthewholeplanetortheevilofgraspingpoliticians.Theymaynotalwayswin.Buttheyalwaystry.

Perhaps,however,themostimportantaspectofsciencefiction’sroleinthemodernworldisbestsummedupinasingleword.Change.

Afterall,sciencefictionistheliteratureofchange.Eachandeverystorypreachesfromthesamegospel:tomorrowwillbedifferentfromtoday,violentlydifferentperhaps.

(3)Sciencefictionveryclearlyshowsthatchanges—whethergoodorbad—areaninherentDartoftheuniverse.Resistancetochangeisanarchaic,andnowadaysdangerous,habitofthought.Humanity’smostfruitfulcourseofactionistodeterminehowtoshapethesechanges,howtoinfluencethemandproduceanenvironmentwherethechangesthatoccurarethosewewant.

Perhapsthisistheultimateroleofsciencefiction:toactasaninterpreterofsciencetohumanity.Thisisatwo-edgedweapon,ofcourse.Itisnecessarytowarnaswellasevangelize.(4)Sciencecankillaswellascreate;technologycandeadenthehumanspiritorliftittothefurthermostcornersofourimaginations.Onlyknowledgeablepeoplecanwiselydecidehowtousescienceandtechnologyforhumankind’sbenefit.Intheend,thisistheultimateroleofallart:toshowourselvestoourselves,tohelpustounderstandourownhumanity.

【答案】（1）科幻小說可以幫助解釋科學和科學家都是關于非科學家。幾百所大學和公立學校現在開設科幻課程，并發現這些課程是科學家、工程師和人文主義者的聚會場所，這并非偶然。

（2）很少有科幻小說把人類描繪成一個被動的物種，任由大自然的潮汐力自由流動。科幻故事中的英雄——新神話中的神——勇敢地與黑暗抗爭，無論是對整個地球的地質毀滅，還是貪婪的政客的邪惡。

（3）科幻小說非常清楚地表明，變化——不管是好是壞——是宇宙固有的飛鏢。抵制改變是一種過時的、在今天也是危險的思維習慣。人類最富有成效的行動方針是決定如何塑造這些變化，如何影響它們，并產生一種環境，在這種環境中發生的變化是我們所希望的。

（4）科學可以創造，也可以殺人；技術可以麻木人類的精神，也可以把它提升到我們想象的最遙遠的角落。只有有知識的人才能明智地決定如何利用科學技術造福人類。最后，這是所有藝術的終極角色：向自己展示我們自己，幫助我們理解我們自己的人性。

9.單選題

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

問題1選項

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

問題3選項

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

問題4選項

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

問題5選項

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？廣告商和廣告公司怎么能在經過數月的研究之后，還能生產出冒犯消費者的廣告呢？”可推知一些廣告仍然沒有對消費者的感受表示出任何理解的跡象，故答案選D。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首當其沖地承受著這個行業明顯的無能，無法將人們置于真實的當今環境中。”可推知作者認為當前的廣告最普遍的錯誤就是沒有把女性放在真實的處境中，呈現出不真實的女性形象，答案選A。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她說，困擾女性的并不是廣告對家庭主婦角色的使用，而是在于處理它的方式。”由此可推斷她建議廣告應該改變方式，而不是內容，故答案選C。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。結合文章最后一段可知優秀的廣告應該由廣告商、廣告機構和消費者共同完成，由此可推斷廣告業應該注重民意。答案選C。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消費者應該告訴廣告商他們失敗的地方；而改變的過程將會非常緩慢，直到作為接受方的消費者認真對待這件事，并讓他們的感覺被廣告商知道。”由此可知答案選B。

10.不定項選擇題

ApaperpublishedinNatureinJulyfoundthatEstonia(愛沙尼亞)hadoneofthehighestratesofforestlossinEurope.TherehadbeenarapidincreaseinforestharvestingacrossmanyEuropeancountries,theauthorsofthestudyfound,whichseemedbroadlylinkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts.

Worldwide,astheareacoveredbyforestshasdecreasedbymorethan440millionacressince1990,treeplantationshaveincreasedbymorethan300millionacres.Forestsareincreasinglybeingconvertedintoindustrialtreefields—andtinyEstoniahasbecomeapointedcasestudyinthisglobaltransformation.ThelossofforestscutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition.

TheEstonianCulturalAssociationlists80sacredsitesthathavebeenclearedbyindustrialloggers.Theyhavemapped1,200additionalsites,manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection,puttingthematriskofbeinglogged.Manyofthesitesareinold-growthforests,whichmakeupabout2percentofEstonia’sremainingforestcover.

Thereisdebateabouttheaccuracyofthemap;theEstonianHeritageConservationAgencyhasnotadoptedit.ButattheheartofEstonianculture,liestheideaoftheforestasanactivepresence,athinghumansdonotcreatebutrather“getoutofthewayof”.Therespectfornaturehereispowerful.

Asforeigninvestmentandlogisticalsupportpouredin,Estoniansdrivingthecountry’shighwaysbegantoseeharvestermachinesontheedgeoftheforests,pullingtreesoutlikegrass.Intheirplacehavecomeevenlyspacedrowsofpineandspruceplantedfortheglobalmarket,areplacementoftheforestwithsomethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable,asEstonianecologistAskoLohmushassaid.

9.Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.

10.TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.

11.WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?

12.Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.

問題1選項

A.reduceddeforestation

B.risingneedoftimber

C.deterioratingenvironment

D.attackingofinsects

問題2選項

A.thenationaleconomy

B.theworkingopportunities

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforces

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritage

問題3選項

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremained

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.

問題4選項

A.theyareenvironmentallyadapted

B.theyareeconomicallyefficient

C.theyrequirelesslandandwater

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiod

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】9.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.根據這項研究，歐洲的森林損失似乎與____有關。

A.reduceddeforestationA.減少森林砍伐

B.risingneedoftimberB.木材需求上升

C.deterioratingenvironmentC.環境惡化

D.attackingofinsectsD.昆蟲的攻擊

【考查點】事實細節題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞forestlossinEurope定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“許多歐洲國家的森林采伐迅速增加，這似乎與對木材產品日益增長的需求密切相關（linkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts）。”由此可知，B選項“木材需求上升”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“減少森林砍伐”，原文并未提及，根據常識判斷可知，減少森林砍伐有利于保護森林，而不是造成森林損失，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“環境惡化”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“昆蟲的攻擊”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

10.【選項釋義】

TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.森林損失對愛沙尼亞（Estonia）的影響主要體現在____。

A.thenationaleconomyA.國民經濟

B.theworkingopportunitiesB.工作機會

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforcesC.政治力量的平衡

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritageD.歷史文化遺產

【考查點】事實細節題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞forestloss和Estonia定位到原文第二段。本段最后一句提到“森林的消失深深影響著愛沙尼亞的歷史和傳統（cutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition）。”由此可知，森林損失對愛沙尼亞的影響主要體現在D選項“歷史文化遺產”上。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“國民經濟”，原文雖然提到森林損失與木材需求上升有關，但因此認為森林損失對愛沙尼亞的影響主要體現在國民經濟上，理由并不充分，該選項屬于過度推理；

B選項“工作機會”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“政治力量的平衡”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

11.【選項釋義】

WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?愛沙尼亞文化協會為什么會擔心？

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.A.因為有一千多處地址被毀。

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremainedB.因為保留下來的原始森林遠少于十分之一。

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.C.因為大部分森林沒有得到官方的保護。

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.D.因為許多伐木工由于森林損失而失去了工作。

【考查點】事實細節題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞EstoniaCulturalAssociation定位到原文第三段。本段第二句提到“他們又繪制了1200個地點，其中很多都沒有正式的保護措施（manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection），使它們面臨被砍伐的風險。”由此可知，大部分的森林還沒有受到正式的保護，面臨被砍伐的風險，C選項“因為大部分森林沒有得到官方的保護”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“因為有一千多處地址被毀”，可定位到原文第三段第一句，該句提到“愛沙尼亞文化協會列出了80個被工業伐木工清除的圣地。”由此可知，被毀的地址是80個，而不是一千多處，原文一千多處是他們另外繪制的一些地址，不是被毀的森林地址，該選項屬于張冠李戴；

B選項“因為保留下來的原始森林遠少于十分之一”，可定位到原文第三段最后一句，該句提到“許多遺址位于原始森林中，這些森林大約占愛沙尼亞剩余森林覆蓋面積的2%”，由此可知，原文是說，愛沙尼亞現存的原始森林，占森林覆蓋面積的2%，而不是說只有2%的原始森林保留下來了，該選項屬于曲解原文；

D選項“因為許多伐木工由于森林損失而失去了工作”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

12.【選項釋義】

Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.種植松樹和云杉的原因是____。

A.theyareenvironmentallyadaptedA.它們能適應環境

B.theyareeconomicallyefficientB.它們有經濟效益

C.theyrequirelesslandandwaterC.它們需要更少的土地和水

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiodD.它們生長周期更短

【考查點】事實細節題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞pinesandspruces定位到原文最后一段。本段最后一句提到“愛沙尼亞生態學家AskoLohmus說，取而代之的是為全球市場種植的一排排均勻分布的松樹和云杉，是更簡單、更有利可圖的森林（somethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable）。”由此可知，種植松樹和云杉主要是為了謀取更多的經濟利益，B選項“它們有經濟效益”最符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“它們能適應環境”，原文雖然提到了它們更簡單，但是無從得知是否是更能適應環境，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“它們需要更少的土地和水”，原文雖然提到了它們更簡單，但是無從得知是否是因為它們需要更少的土地和水，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“它們生長周期更短”，原文雖然提到了它們更簡單，但是無從得知是否是因為它們生長周期更短，該選項屬于無中生有。

11.不定項選擇題

ThisdictionaryisforpeoplewhowanttousemodernEnglish.ItoffersaccurateanddetailedinformationonthewaymodernEnglishisusedinallkindsofcommunication.ItisausefulguidetowritingandspeakingEnglishaswellasanaidtoreadingandunderstanding.

Thisdictionarylooksratherlikemostothersifyoudon’tlooktooclosely.Actuallyitisquitenewanddifferent.Thetechniquesusedtocompileitarenewandadvancedcomputertechnology.Fortheuser,thekindofinformationisdifferent,thequalityofinformationisdifferent,andthepresentationoftheinformationisdifferent.

Forthefirsttime,adictionaryhasbeencompiledbythethoroughexaminationofarepresentativegroupofEnglishtexts,spokenandwritten,runningtomanymillionsofwords.Thismeansthatinadditiontoallthetoolsoftheconventionaldictionarymakers—widereadingandexperienceofEnglish,otherdictionariesandofcourseeyesandears—thisdictionaryisbasedonhard,measurableevidence.Nomajorusesaremissed,andthenumberoftimesauseoccurshasastronginfluenceonthewaytheentriesareorganized.Equally,thelargegroupoftexts,calledthecorpus,givesusreasonablegroundsforomittingmanyusesandword-formsthatdonotoccurinit.Itisdifficultforaconventionaldictionary,intheabsenceofevidence,todecidewhattoleaveout,andalotofquitemisleadinginformationisthuspreservedinthetraditionoflexicography.

Thisdictionarymakesabreakwithsuchtraditions.Wehavegonebacktobasicsandcollectedmanymillionsofwords,andputthemintoaverylargecomputer,thedictionaryteamhashaddailyaccesstoabout20millionwords,withmanymoreinspecializedstores.Thewordscamefrombooks,magazines,newspapers,pamphlets,leaflets,conversation,radioandtelevisionbroadcasts.Thesourcesaregratefullyacknowledgedonpagexxii.TheaimwastoprovideafairrepresentationofcontemporaryEnglish.

Nosetoftexts,howeverlarge,canbefullyreliedon;allthetimetheinformationfromthetextshasbeenanalyzedandappraisedbyateamoflexicographers,whoseprofessionalknowledgehasalsobeenusedwhereverthereisonlyasmallamountofevidenceoftheusageofawordorphrase.

Thequalityofinformationinthisdictionaryisdifferentfromothers.Withourtextualevidenceitispossibletobepreciseabouttheshapeofphrasesandtheextentoftheirvariation;therelativeimportanceofdifferentsensesofaword;andthetypicalenvironmentinwhichawordorphraseis