1、Lesson 1Lesson 1定語(yǔ)從句1Lesson 1Lesson 1定語(yǔ)從句1一般定語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)從句的比較12一般定語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)從句的比較12This is a girl.This is a fashionable girl.This is a girl who is as fashionable as Lady Gaga.一般定語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)從句的比較3This is a girl.一般定語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)從句的比較3練習(xí)：體會(huì)一下定語(yǔ)從句的魅力Beauty is the drop of rain that keeps the human spirit form death by draught. Beaut

2、y is a silent refreshment that we perhaps do not think about but which goes on all the time. Beauty is the smile on the earths face, which is open to all and needs but the eyes to see, mood to understand.美如雨露般滋潤(rùn)著我們干涸的心田。美悄然而來(lái)，在我們不經(jīng)意間蕩滌塵寰，延綿不斷。美是大地的笑容，人人得以享受。只要我們用眼去捕捉，用心去感受。定語(yǔ)從句兩大要害：先行詞關(guān)系詞4練習(xí)：體會(huì)一下定語(yǔ)從

3、句的魅力定語(yǔ)從句兩大要害：先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句兩大要害：先行詞關(guān)系詞25定語(yǔ)從句兩大要害：25先行詞：定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞、代詞。She threw away her new dress which she bought yesterday.關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句的橋梁；并在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分(經(jīng)紀(jì)人的角色)I dont like the people who never keep their words.定語(yǔ)從句兩大要害：先行詞關(guān)系詞6先行詞：定語(yǔ)從句兩大要害：先行詞關(guān)系詞6定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路37定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路37找詞成分選詞找先行詞定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路8找詞成分選詞定語(yǔ)從句的解題思

4、路8先行詞的分類：A. 先行詞是一個(gè)詞The beauty of a woman is not in the clothes that she wears, the figure that she carries, or the way she combs her hair. The beauty of a woman must be seen from in her eyes, because that is the doorway to her heart the place where love resides. -Audrey Hepburn女人的美，不是來(lái)自于她所穿的衣服，或她的身材

5、，或她梳頭的樣子。而是來(lái)自于她的眼睛，因?yàn)橥高^(guò)眼鏡，我們能看到她的心靈，一個(gè)充滿愛心的所在。定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路9先行詞的分類：定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路9先行詞的分類：B. 先行詞是一個(gè)完整的句子I became a single mother overnight, which is nothing like becoming famous overnight.我一夜之間成了單親媽媽，這跟一夜成名可完全不同。練習(xí)：翻譯我女朋友喜歡和別的男生跳舞，這一點(diǎn)讓我很是抓狂。My girlfriend likes dancing with other guys, which really drives me c

6、razy.定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路10先行詞的分類：定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路10先行詞的位置：一般緊跟關(guān)系詞There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so; but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool.Its hard t o have a friend who you can trust completely.定語(yǔ)從句

7、的解題思路11先行詞的位置：定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路11先行詞的位置：練習(xí)：找到先行詞There are altogether eleven books on the shelf which Benben has advised us to read.There are altogether eleven books on the shelf which Benben has advised us to read.定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路12先行詞的位置：定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路12先行詞的位置：但是有時(shí)候先行詞也會(huì)跟關(guān)系詞骨肉分離定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路13先行詞的位置：定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路13如何找到先行詞(1)看

8、定語(yǔ)從句的含義來(lái)(把先行詞放到定語(yǔ)從句中去，翻譯一下，看看是否合乎邏輯)(2)看定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)(確定、佐證)定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路14如何找到先行詞定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路14先行詞的位置：練習(xí)：Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.【2019年湖南卷】a. who b. where c. when d. which【a. who; 先行詞是students】 定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路15先行詞的位置：定語(yǔ)從句

9、的解題思路15先行詞的位置：練習(xí)：After my talk with the professor, _ was short but rewarding, I had a new outlook on the problem I was facing.a. who b. that c. it d. which【d. which; 先行詞是talk】 定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路16先行詞的位置：定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路16先行詞的位置：練習(xí)：找到先行詞The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolve

10、d (broken down) in the soil solution (mixture) before they can be taken into the root. 【考研真題】The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root.定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路17先行詞的位置：定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路17如何找到先行詞練習(xí)：找到先行詞For example, changes

11、in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make life even more stressful for the post-80s.【CET-6】For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make life even more stressful f

12、or the post-80s.定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路18如何找到先行詞定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路18找詞成分選詞成分看看定語(yǔ)從句中是否缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which made the others envy him a lot.My favorite season is spring, when the earth seems born again.定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路19找詞成分選詞定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路19找詞成分選詞選關(guān)系詞從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，選：Who, whom, which,

13、that從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，選：Whose, when, why, where定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路20找詞成分選詞定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路20定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞421定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞421先行詞是“人”：who, whom, thatAnger is a thief who/that steals away the nice moments in our life.先行詞是“物”：which, thatAnger is a wind which/that blows out the lamp of the mind.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞22先行詞是“人”：who, whom, that定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)

14、系4.1 who/whom指代“人”例句：Friendship is a very difficult thing. It is hard to handle. It creates many different problems. In fact I would say that friendship is as hard to handle as love is, or even marriage. Of course I am not talking about easy-come-easy-go friendship. Im talking about friends who care

15、 deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living. Im talking about friends whom you can share almost everything with.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞234.1 who/whom指代“人”定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞23Who or Whom?WHO前面不能直接加介詞Im talking about friends who(m) you can share almost everything with. 可以改寫成：Im talking about

16、 friends with whom you can share almost everything.就不能改寫成：Im talking about friends with who you can share almost everything. (錯(cuò))定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞24Who or Whom?定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞24Who or Whom?WHOM在定語(yǔ)從句中不能作主語(yǔ)，但可以作賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。He is no long the man who/whom he was three years ago. 【注意】作表語(yǔ)，who/whom均可 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞25Who or Whom?定語(yǔ)

17、從句的關(guān)系代詞254.2 which/that指代“物”兩者有何區(qū)別？定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞264.2 which/that指代“物”定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞26That or Which?A. 用that不用which(1).當(dāng)先行詞中有人有物時(shí)Sister Feng and her make-up that startles us a lot is very popular on the internet.He and his family _ I like very much are here today, too.that/ who/ whom定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞27That or Which?定

18、語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞27That or Which?A. 用that不用which(2). 先行詞是“所有，沒有；很多、很少；四個(gè)東西(thing)；序數(shù)；最高；最后；恰好”(指“物”)或被這些詞修飾的時(shí)候定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞28That or Which?定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞28That or Which?A. 用that不用which所有：all沒有：none很多：many，much很少：few，little四個(gè)東西(thing)：something，anything，nothing，everything；(包括some，any，no，every)序數(shù)：the first, the fifth最高

19、：the best, the most outstanding最后：the last恰好：the very, the right, the one, the only定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞29That or Which?定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞29That or Which?B. 用which不用that(3). that不用在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中I became a single mother overnight, which is nothing like becoming famous overnight.我一夜之間成了單親媽媽，這跟一夜成名可完全不同。定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞30That or Whic

20、h?定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞30That or Which?B. 用which不用that(4). that不直接跟在介詞后The world in which we live is made up of matters.=The world that/which we live in is made up of matters.The world in that we live is made up of matters. (錯(cuò))定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞31That or Which?定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞31That or Which?B. 用which不用that(5). 當(dāng)先行詞本身就是代詞that時(shí)

21、-Which dress do you like better?-I prefer that (one) which is so unique.Perhaps it is human to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not.或許，“不惜已獲，貪求不得”是人類共同的弱點(diǎn)吧。定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞32That or Which?定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞324.4 whose，表示“人”或“物”所有關(guān)系一般滿足A_B的形式，符合“A的B”含義。When I looked through the

22、 window, I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.練習(xí)：填空Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.a. whose b. which c. of which d. that 【福建高考題】【a.;想想c為什么不行】定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞334.4 whose，表示“人”或“物”所有關(guān)系定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系4.4 whose，表示“人”或“物”所有關(guān)系一般滿足A_B的形式，符合“A的B”含義。練習(xí)：填空The gentleman, _ office I o

23、nce worked, is a very thoughtful boss.a. in his b. whose c. of whom the d. in whose 【d.;想想b為什么不行】定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞344.4 whose，表示“人”或“物”所有關(guān)系定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞535定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞5355.1 when，先行詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be so busy.There was _ time _ I hate to go to school.【湖北高考】

24、a. a; that b. a; when c. the; that d. the; when【b.】 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞365.1 when，先行詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副5.2 why先行詞必須是表示原因的名詞，如reason，cause等Online shopping is becoming more and more popular in China. The two major reasons why it is so popular are its convenience and its competitive price.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞375.2 why定語(yǔ)從句的

25、關(guān)系副詞375.3 whereWhere的先行詞一般是地點(diǎn)名詞A: Since you work in the theater, cant you get me a free ticket now and then?B: Certainly if you bring me a few notes now and then from the bank where you work!定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞385.3 where定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞385.3 where先行詞可以是含有地點(diǎn)意義的其他各種名詞（通常是抽象名詞，dream，case，situation，point等），把where譯成“在中/

26、下/里”【考試重點(diǎn)】Annie: You know that dream where I finally met Lady Gaga on the stage and sang with her? That was fantastic!Becky: I bet it was.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞395.3 where定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞395.3 where練習(xí)：Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. 【山東高考】a. where b. that c. when d. which

27、【a】定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞405.3 where定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞40關(guān)系詞練習(xí)集錦641關(guān)系詞練習(xí)集錦641I refuse to accept the blame for something _ is named after his grandfather. a. who b. that c. as d. which 【2019全國(guó)】 【b.】Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.a. what b. whose c. which d. that 【2019北京高考】 【b.

28、】- Can you believe I had to pay $30 for a haircut?- You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only $15. 【2019天津高考】a. as b. which c. where d. that 【c.】In China, the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world. 【2019重慶高考】 a. where b. which c. whose d. that 【c.】關(guān)系詞練習(xí)集錦42I r

29、efuse to accept the blame fShe brought with her friends, none of _ I had ever met before. a. them b. who c. whom d. these 【2019全國(guó)】 【c.】Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?a. he explained b. what he explained c. how he explained d. why he explained 【上海高考】 【a.】- Do you

30、 have anything to say for yourselves?- Yes, theres one point _ I must insist on. 【江西高考】a. why b. which c. where d. how 【b.】關(guān)系詞練習(xí)集錦43She brought with her friends, The hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life

31、people. a. when b. on which c. that d. in which 【2000年CET4】【c 】 Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. a. it b. which c. who d. where 【07浙江高考】 【b】關(guān)系詞練習(xí)集錦44The hours _ the children s限定性、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句745限定性、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句745兩者的區(qū)別：形式上：有無(wú)“，”逗號(hào)The food which wasnt i

32、n the fridge all went bad.The food, which wasnt in the fridge, all went bad.意義上：翻譯的方法限定性、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句46兩者的區(qū)別：限定性、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句46【注意】翻譯的方法：限定性定語(yǔ)從句一般翻譯成 “的”非限定性定語(yǔ)從句往往另起一句來(lái)翻譯限定性、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句47【注意】限定性、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句47分析比較The food which wasnt in the fridge all went bad.沒有放在冰箱里的食物都?jí)牧恕he food, which wasnt in the fridge, all

33、 went bad.食物都?jí)牧耍驗(yàn)闆]有放在冰箱里。限定性、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句48分析比較限定性、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句48分析比較練習(xí)The cab drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road.知道那里堵車的計(jì)程車司機(jī)換了另一條道。The cab drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.計(jì)程車司機(jī)因?yàn)橹滥抢锶嚵耍麄兌紦Q了另一條道。限定性、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句49分析比較限定性、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句49特殊關(guān)系代詞850特殊關(guān)系代詞8508.1 as可用于限

34、定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中特殊關(guān)系代詞518.1 as特殊關(guān)系代詞518.1 as(1)as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句可放在句首。as可先于先行詞，出現(xiàn)在句首。先行詞通常是整個(gè)主句。(大牌經(jīng)紀(jì)人)As is so often pointed out, knowledge is two-edge weapon which can be equally for good or evil.特殊關(guān)系代詞528.1 as特殊關(guān)系代詞528.1 as(2)as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句可放在句中as的先行詞依然是主句。which的先行詞必須出現(xiàn)在其前面。 Malanshan, as/which we

35、 all know, has only one industryHunan TV Station.眾所周知，馬欄山只有一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，即湖南衛(wèi)視。(as引導(dǎo)時(shí))馬欄山是個(gè)眾所周知的地方，這里只有一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，即湖南衛(wèi)視。(which引導(dǎo)時(shí))特殊關(guān)系代詞538.1 as特殊關(guān)系代詞538.1 as(2)as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句可放在句中可以用which么？為什么？There is, as has been suggested, a growing trend towards Otaku which actually is not so good in the long run.特殊關(guān)系代詞548.1 as

36、特殊關(guān)系代詞548.1 as(3)as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句末Which也可以這樣。二者有何區(qū)別？當(dāng)主句和從句在內(nèi)容上一致時(shí)，通常用as； 若從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容起反對(duì)、排斥、否定等作用時(shí)，則多用which。 特殊關(guān)系代詞558.1 as特殊關(guān)系代詞558.1 as(3)as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句末She has married again, as was expected.She has married again, which was unexpected. She is very careful, as her work shows.The young man chea

37、ted his friend of much money, which was disgraceful.特殊關(guān)系代詞568.1 as特殊關(guān)系代詞568.1 as在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用在由such, the same, as修飾的先行詞的后面。He is not such a man as would leave his work half done.He tried to make as few mistakes as he could avoid.【溫馨提示】：如果few前沒有as? 意思？特殊關(guān)系代詞578.1 as特殊關(guān)系代詞578.2 thanthan在引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)先

38、行詞需有形容詞的比較級(jí)修飾 The boy has eaten more food than is good for his health.Never give him more money than is necessary. 特殊關(guān)系代詞588.2 than特殊關(guān)系代詞588.2 than如何理解：把比較級(jí)直接改成the，再把than改成that。再把比較級(jí)的含義加進(jìn)去。The boy has eaten more food than is good for his health.(The boy has eaten the food that is good for his health

39、. “more”表示超出健康需要的食物)Never give him more money than is necessary. (Never give him the money that is necessary. “more”表示超出他需要的錢)特殊關(guān)系代詞598.2 than特殊關(guān)系代詞598.2 than練習(xí)：翻譯There are more demands than can be satisfied.需求難以滿足。特殊關(guān)系代詞608.2 than特殊關(guān)系代詞608.3 butbut相當(dāng)于thatnot。形式上是肯定，意義上是否定。but所指代的先行詞往往會(huì)被一個(gè)否定詞修飾。but可

40、指代人和物 特殊關(guān)系代詞618.3 but特殊關(guān)系代詞618.3 but例句There are very few people in this club but he knows.=There are very few people in this club who he doesnt know.那家俱樂(lè)部里的人他幾乎都認(rèn)識(shí)。練習(xí)：翻譯沒有人不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。(there is)There is no man but errs.=There is no man who doesnt err.特殊關(guān)系代詞628.3 but特殊關(guān)系代詞62介詞+關(guān)系代詞963介詞+關(guān)系代詞963什么時(shí)候不加？什么時(shí)候必須

41、加？加什么介詞？介詞+關(guān)系代詞64什么時(shí)候不加？介詞+關(guān)系代詞64獨(dú)門秘籍三看：9.1看從句看從句中的動(dòng)詞The goals for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. 【CET6】溫馨提示構(gòu)成fight for短語(yǔ)介詞+關(guān)系代詞65獨(dú)門秘籍三看：介詞+關(guān)系代詞65獨(dú)門秘籍三看：9.1看從句看從句中的動(dòng)詞Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the future. 【上海高考】 a. on which b. by

42、 which c. to which d. from which【c.】介詞+關(guān)系代詞66獨(dú)門秘籍三看：介詞+關(guān)系代詞66獨(dú)門秘籍三看：9.1看從句看從句中的形容詞形容詞跟介詞構(gòu)成固定搭配。He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.介詞+關(guān)系代詞67獨(dú)門秘籍三看：介詞+關(guān)系代詞67獨(dú)門秘籍三看：9.2看先行詞介詞與先行詞構(gòu)成固定搭配。The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which

43、it uses oxygen. 【CET4】【溫馨提示】at the speed/rate，表示“以的速度/速率”。介詞+關(guān)系代詞68獨(dú)門秘籍三看：介詞+關(guān)系代詞68獨(dú)門秘籍三看：9.3 看句義【絶看】第三看，看整句話的意思。The foundation of happy life is our health, _ nothing makes sense.a. by which b. for which c. on which d. without which【d】介詞+關(guān)系代詞69獨(dú)門秘籍三看：介詞+關(guān)系代詞69獨(dú)門秘籍三看：9.3 看句義【絶看】There are things you w

44、ould love to hear but you will never hear it from person from whom you would like to hear it, but dont be deaf to hear it from the person who says it with heart.有些話你很想聽到，然而卻無(wú)法從你希望的那個(gè)人口中聽到。但如果有其他人用心對(duì)你說(shuō)出了那些話，不要對(duì)它充耳不聞。介詞+關(guān)系代詞70獨(dú)門秘籍三看：介詞+關(guān)系代詞70Justin gave a well-bound book to me _ the price took my brea

45、th away.a. from which b. to which c. of which d. whose 【c】 The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great changes. 【07年山東】 a. when b. during which c. from then d. since when 【d】 He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. 【07年江蘇】 a. after which b. after that c. in which d. in that 【a】 介