1、高考英語學(xué)習(xí)提升課堂：“七選五”的解題技巧對2019-2022年高考英語全國卷“七選五”試題的分析，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)一 些選材規(guī)律和命題特點（如下表）。試卷體裁題材命題特點2022 年新高? 1卷說明文擁有鍛煉伙伴的益處及如何#找一個鍛煉的伙伴.以說明文為主,偶爾有記敘文或 議論文，文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、內(nèi)容完整，適 合考府段落小標(biāo)題、主題句和過渡句等.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：提出問題T分析解決 問題。.詞數(shù)300左右。正文詞數(shù)200左右， 選項詞數(shù)100左右。.表達(dá)正能凝。表達(dá)人文關(guān)懷,突 出生活體驗,能夠作常好地幫助考生樹 力正確的世界觀和價值觀。全國甲卷說明文各國餐桌文化全國乙卷說明文維持友誼的方法2021 年新

2、高考I卷夾敘夾議文提供在法國生活的感悟全國甲卷說明文舊衣物交換2020 年全國卷I說明文自我接納的小技巧全國卷n說明文工作中運用表情符號交流的好處2019 年全國卷I說明文新鮮空氣有益健康全國卷n說明文如何保持動力來實現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)考生可以運用語篇分析理論技巧，從篇章的理解出發(fā)，先分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu), 然后分析句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間的銜接，可以在通覽全文的同時了 解文章主題。同時在這一過程中考生還可以掌握句子在表達(dá)篇章整體意義時所 起到的作用，從而更好地解決“七選五”這一難題，提高做題效率與準(zhǔn)確率。語篇分析理論的實施有三個維度：.宏觀閱讀，整體把握文章。主要了解語篇的背景知識和題材框架，劃分

3、篇章的各層級并確定其主題思想；.微觀細(xì)節(jié)閱讀。主要涉及對語篇的詞句、邏輯連接、段落與層次的分析， 尋找信息傳遞的邏輯紐帶，分析句子和段落間的銜接方式，深入理解段落與層 次的主題思想并且加深對于語篇的全面理解；.還原吸收閱讀。在仔細(xì)理解語篇內(nèi)容大意的基礎(chǔ)上，把破碎的文章還原， 并通過升華思想，提升做題的準(zhǔn)確率和效率。基于語篇分析理論的三個維度, 結(jié)合該題型的命題規(guī)律，通過分析2019-2022年高考英語全國卷試題來歸納總結(jié)進行“七選五”閱 讀的常規(guī)步驟：.通讀全文，把握主旨：文章結(jié)構(gòu)、主題句、寫作內(nèi)容；.解讀選項，做出選擇：選項關(guān)鍵詞、上下文信息詞；【解析】根據(jù)G選項中的such informa

4、tion可知，前文是對G選項的具體說明和解釋，前文的訓(xùn)練工程、訓(xùn)練時間、年齡等都是信息的具體例證。故 選Go在面對高考閱讀理解“七選五”試題時，考生應(yīng)該使用語篇分析理論，全面 深刻地理解語篇，才能夠“見著知微”、見微知著，兩者結(jié)合，一定可以解決“七 選五”這一難題。.分析：文章的銜接手段和上下文邏輯關(guān)系;.回讀原文，排除干擾：確定選項。一,通讀全文，把握主旨：文章結(jié)構(gòu),主題句,寫作內(nèi)容2021年全國甲卷】Swap. Don t shoplYou keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesnt end with bottles, cans,

5、and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (資 源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you5re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 36. I

6、fs the best way to get rid of your usedclothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time. Set a starting time. Maybe you say“go，or turn on a certain song, or whatever, 40 And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, ifs a party!第一步，通過以下三個問題來進行語篇整體分析：Wha

7、t style is the passage?說明文What is the structure of the passage?總一分結(jié)構(gòu)What s the topic of the passage?主要介紹了怎樣舉行一個舊衣物交換的聚會第二步，從分析閱讀理解“七選五”語篇的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)特點入手，通過觀察設(shè) 空的位置，可以得出以下規(guī)律：.空格在段首：一般為主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）、段落小標(biāo)題或主題 句，作用通常為引出下文，一般是名詞短語或祈使句，特征非常明顯。2018年全國卷II Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more a

8、wake 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.A . You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You

9、 prefer healthy food to fast food.【答案】Bo【解析】設(shè)空處后文提到早起的人比晚上睡覺之前進行鍛煉的人的睡眠質(zhì) 量要高，因為鍛煉會讓人更加興奮（從而更難以入睡），因此推知B選項應(yīng) 該是主題句，概括后文內(nèi)容。應(yīng)選Bo38 Staving self -disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you havent made any progress so far. Tracking progress makes you aware of ho

10、w much youve done and encourage you to keep going.A. Measure your goals.B. Build a support system.C. However, it is easier said than done.【答案】Ao【解析】設(shè)空處后文建議人們隨時記錄和關(guān)注自己取得的進步，因此可推 知A選項是主題句，概括后文內(nèi)容。應(yīng)選A。.空格在段中：一般為過渡性的句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）或是注釋性的句子（上 下文邏輯意義），句間邏輯關(guān)系緊密，起承上啟下的作用。2022年全國甲卷】Some of these cultural dining etiq

11、uette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 40 the more comfortable youll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.A. The more friends you make in your lifetimeB. The more time you spend in any given country【答案】Bo【解析】后文提至/你就會對外國文化習(xí)俗感到越舒服”，而只有更多地接 觸不

12、同國家的餐飲文化才能做到，B選項是過渡句，起到承上啟下的作用。應(yīng)選B。3.空格在段尾：主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）一般是總結(jié)句，或是對主 題句的進一步闡述和提煉升華。2019年全國卷m】Dont share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the profe

13、ssor. 39 A. Thafs what they are for.B. Turn to an online instructor for help.C. If more information is needed, they will ask.D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E. Below are some common dos and donts for online learners.F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or ano

14、ther.G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.【答案】c。【解析】設(shè)空處前文交代，如果要延長期限，只需要向老師解釋一下情況， C項“如果需要更多的信息，他們會問你”是對前文的進一步闡述。應(yīng)選C。二、解讀選項，做出選擇：選項關(guān)鍵詞、上下文信息詞通常情況下，做“七選五”試題時我們要關(guān)注詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)包括原詞 重復(fù)，使用同義/近義詞（表達(dá)）、上下義關(guān)系詞和廣義詞。不同形式的詞匯 重復(fù)可以使句子相互連接，使語篇更具有連續(xù)性，也可以防止文章詞匯貧乏、 語言蒼白的問題，也為學(xué)生高效快速做題提供了可能性。

15、.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)2019年全國卷II Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question/Should I jump?This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.F.

16、Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.【答案】Go解析】設(shè)空處前文中Motivation and goal setting和G選項中的Without motivation屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，主題一致。應(yīng)選G。.近義詞（表達(dá)）復(fù)現(xiàn)2019年全國卷II Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable.D. So why shoul

17、d we try to set specific goals?E. They can change according to circumstances.【答案】Eo【解析】E選項中的change和前文中的flexible是一對語義上的近義表 達(dá)。應(yīng)選Eo.反義詞（表達(dá)）復(fù)現(xiàn)When we change our jobs or schools, it often leaves us without a friend. 36 But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.A. Making new friends

18、 comes easy for some people.B. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.【答案】Ao【解析】通過后文中的But可知前后文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，A選項中的easy和 后文中的difficult正好是一對反義詞，且A項與設(shè)空處后一句都圍繞交新朋友 這一主題。應(yīng)選Ao.同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)Making a trip to the kitchen could be a fun way to spend an afternoon indoors! 38 Cooking will give all of you a lot of

19、 opportunities to work on something.A. It would stay as a memory of the activity.B. Everybody in the family could gather and cook a meal.【答案】Bo【解析】設(shè)空處后文提到的Cooking和B選項中的cook是同根詞。應(yīng)選Bo同源/根詞指的是同一個單詞的變體，可以是動詞、名詞等。如fall-fell- fallen-falling； Iie-lied-lying,lie-1 ay-lain-lying（ll 0 ） 5beauty-beautiful-beau

20、t if u I ly - beau t if y,depend-d epend ent-dependence （不同詞性）,materoom mate-school mate-class mate, man-superman-policeman-ch airmanpostman （相同詞根）o.同疇詞復(fù)現(xiàn)Dont buy a lot of expensive and new gear （ 裝備 ）.Some skiers who owned nice winter jackets couldn5t go on the trip. 36 I have a neighbor who let me

21、 borrow some of his gear. That was very helpful,says 1 3-year-old Mike.C. I fell down and I was glad that I was wearing a helmet.D. Dont think that you ski well enough not to wear a helmet.G. So they lent their clothes to other skiers.【答案】G.【解析】設(shè)空處前文提到了 winter jackets,在G選項中的clothes的范 疇內(nèi)。應(yīng)選Go常見的同疇詞有很

22、多，僅以下表進行舉例說明：generalspecificfruitapple, orange, banana, pineapple.furniturebed, table, sofa, curtain.sportsrunning, swimming, jumping, skating.代詞線索2018年全國卷I】Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 they can get a little comp

23、lex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever youre looking forC. If youre experimenting with a color【答案】Ao【解析】設(shè)空處前文提到的a number of diffe

24、rent techniques和后文中的 they為指代關(guān)系，且they和A選項中的them所指內(nèi)容一致。應(yīng)選A。三.分析文章的銜接與連貫手段在英語的銜接一書中，韓禮德(Halliday)和哈桑(Hasan)認(rèn)為銜 接是一種語義關(guān)系：當(dāng)語篇中的某一語言成分需要依賴另一語言成分來解釋時, 便會產(chǎn)生銜接關(guān)系。銜接是實現(xiàn)語篇連貫性的重要手段。常見的邏輯關(guān)系詞匯 見下表：并列/遞進關(guān)系not only. but also. ; for one thing, for another, furthermore, moreover, what s more, besides, additionally, a

25、s well (as).apart from, first, second, next, then, later, after that, afterwards, eventually.轉(zhuǎn)折/比照關(guān)系but, however, nevertheless, yet, by contrast, on the contrary, otherwise.因果關(guān)系for, because, since, as, so, therefore, thus, hcncc, accordingly, as a result (consequence), consequently, lead to, thanks

26、to.解樣例證關(guān)系in fact, in other words, or rather, fbr example, for instance, namely, that is (to say).并列關(guān)系2022年新高考I卷】One reason was: Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,“while another read: “ 36A. Your first meetingmay be a little awkward.B. A workout partner usually

27、needs to live close by.C. Youll work harder if you train with someone else.【答案】Co解析根據(jù)前文提到的while another read可知，前后兩句話是并列的， C選項中的someone else和文中的someone構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。應(yīng)選C。.遞進關(guān)系The website provides you with a variety of online courses, such as Chinese idioms, dialogues and customs. 36 Here you can learn to sin

28、g some Chinese songs, enjoy Tang poems and watch Chinese movies.A. Besides, it will help you learn Chinese in most interesting and effective ways.B. As the old saying goesJYoure never too old to learn.”【答案】Ao【解析】設(shè)空處前文提到該網(wǎng)站可以提供各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程，后面提到還可以 在網(wǎng)站上學(xué)習(xí)唱歌、欣賞唐詩、觀看中文電影，由此可知前后文內(nèi)容應(yīng)為遞進 關(guān)系，Besides意為“而且”，是遞進關(guān)系的標(biāo)

29、志詞。應(yīng)選A。.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系【2022年全國乙卷】Dont rely on technology alone. 36but long-distancefriendshipseven close onesmay require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.E. Friends need to talk about their pre

30、ferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind【答案】Fo【解析】根據(jù)文中的but可知，前后文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后文提至但是遠(yuǎn)距 離的友誼一一即使是親密的友誼一一可能更需要有意識地去努力維持”，因此前 文應(yīng)該是介紹維持友誼的容易(easy)。應(yīng)選F。.比照關(guān)系2022年新高考I卷】First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you justwant to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?Youll work harder if you train with someone else.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?How can you write a goodseeking training pa