1、初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)講義一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的含義英語語態(tài)只有兩種，即：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于中文中常說的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的錢包被偷了。”，“這座橋是由他們建造的。”英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)是怎么樣構(gòu)成：His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2019.二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”的構(gòu)成是： be + 過去分詞 + (by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，可省略)三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用在下面幾種情況：（1） 不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。例如：Paper is made from wood. 紙是由木

2、材生產(chǎn)出來的。The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。He was wounded in the fight.他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。Electricity is used to run machines.電是用來開動(dòng)機(jī)器的。（2） 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)。例如：Calculator can t be used in the maths exam.計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。Books and newspapers in the reading room must not be taken away.閱覽室的書籍和報(bào)紙

3、不準(zhǔn)帶走。He was awarded first prize in that contest.他在比賽中獲得了第一。（3）為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提到是誰做的這件事。例如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.新實(shí)驗(yàn)室必須在下個(gè)月底前完工。四、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)舉例一般地講，被動(dòng)語態(tài)可用于英語的各種時(shí)態(tài)。為了能準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，重點(diǎn)是要掌握be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)舉例如下：1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài). am / is / are + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Our class

4、room is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般過去式的被動(dòng)語態(tài): was / were + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): am / is / are + being + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): was / we

5、re + being + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):(A) will / shall + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(B) am / is / are + going to be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be

6、mended in an hour.6、過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): (1).would / should + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 (2).was / were +going to be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):have / has + been + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Some new factories have bee

7、n built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):had + been + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式：can/may/must + be + done例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.五、如何將主動(dòng)

8、語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1、從句子意義上說，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。例1.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：人們說英語。People speak English in many countries.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：英語被說。English is spoken in many countries.例2.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：我們?cè)爝@座橋。We built this bridge last year.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：這座橋被建造。This bridge was built last year.2、從語法的角度說，把原句的賓語改成主語。例1.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：小王邀請(qǐng)你(賓語) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunc

9、h party.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：你(賓語)被邀請(qǐng)。You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.例2.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：你不準(zhǔn)帶走雜志(賓語) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：雜志(賓語)不準(zhǔn)被帶走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.例3.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：他們授給他(賓語)一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?賓語).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被動(dòng)語

10、態(tài)：他(賓語)被授予一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)? He was given a medal for his wonderful work.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?賓語)被授給了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.六、被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)A熟記結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（pp）”。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)是通過be的時(shí)態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語保持一致。其具體變化為：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：amisarepp一般過去時(shí)：waswerepp一般將來時(shí)：shall will be pp現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have has been pp現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am

11、isarebeingpp過去將來時(shí)：should would be pp含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞bepp被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：1不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；2強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者C熟練轉(zhuǎn)換1將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本方法為：將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語；謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達(dá)出不同的時(shí)態(tài)；主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞之后。（有時(shí)by短語可以省略）。2被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞置于主語之前；否定句是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后加not；特殊疑問句的語序?yàn)椋阂蓡栐~一般疑問句。D注

12、意特例將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)特殊情況：1含雙賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有兩種方法：將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要將短語動(dòng)詞視為一個(gè)整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語就成為主語補(bǔ)足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為“to be 過去分詞”。以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句時(shí)要注意詞序：應(yīng)將主動(dòng)句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。

13、E注意區(qū)別被動(dòng)語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：1）含義不同：被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，重點(diǎn)說明動(dòng)作由誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較：The window is broken窗子破了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）2）用法不同：過去分詞作表語時(shí)可以被 so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修飾。試比較：He was very interested in science他對(duì)科

14、學(xué)有極大興趣。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn t know what to do我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）F牢記（相關(guān)）句型初中教材中與被動(dòng)語態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有：1be covered with被覆蓋2be made of由制作（發(fā)生物理變化）be made from由制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化）be made in由（某地）制造be made by被（某人）制造3be used for被用來be used as被當(dāng)作（作為）來使用be used to do sth被用來做某事4It is said tha

15、t據(jù)說It is hoped that希望It is well known that眾所周知七、幾種特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài)帶不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The child is sure to be punished for that. 那個(gè)孩子肯定會(huì)因?yàn)槟羌率芰P的。2. 帶介詞的動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Such a thing has never been heard of. 這件事前所未聞。3. 帶副詞的動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The radio has just been turned off. 收音機(jī)剛剛被關(guān)上。4. 當(dāng)sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等動(dòng)詞若

16、有狀語well, easily, badly來修飾時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。The pen writes well. 這枝鋼筆寫字流暢。The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。將下列句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. The lawyer is preparing some important documents for the trial.2. They are building a new amusement park in this neighbourhood.3. The politicians will have reached a decision by tomorrow.ov

17、ertheworldwatchthisprogramme5. They ought to pay the workers more. Somebody stole my car from the car park.7. She hasnt watered these plants for over a week.8. Joe introduced me to his girlfriend last week.9. The audience is not listening to the speaker.rtybutImnotsureidatesmustreturntheirapplicatio

18、nsbytheendofnextweekprojectsbytheendofthenexttermo14. The authorities should raise more money for the new church.16. The workers were repairing the roof when the fire started.1. The lawyer is preparing some important documents for the trial.lawyer2. They are building a new amusement park in this nei

19、ghbourhood.ood3. The politicians will have reached a decision by tomorrow.overtheworldwatchthisprogramme5. They ought to pay the workers more. Somebody stole my car from the car park.7. She hasnt watered these plants for over a week.8. Joe introduced me to his girlfriend last week.9. The audience is

20、 not listening to the speaker.rtybutImnotsureidatesmustreturntheirapplicationsbytheendofnextweekekprojectsbytheendofthenexttermo14. The authorities should raise more money for the new church.ies16. The workers were repairing the roof when the fire started.1. The lawyer is preparing some important do

21、cuments for the trial.lawyer2. They are building a new amusement park in this neighbourhood.ood3. The politicians will have reached a decision by tomorrow.overtheworldwatchthisprogramme5. They ought to pay the workers more. Somebody stole my car from the car park.7. She hasnt watered these plants fo

22、r over a week.8. Joe introduced me to his girlfriend last week.9. The audience is not listening to the speaker.rtybutImnotsureidatesmustreturntheirapplicationsbytheendofnextweekekprojectsbytheendofthenexttermo14. The authorities should raise more money for the new church.ies16. The workers were repa

23、iring the roof when the fire started.1. Someone will attend to you later.givingmetheticketsngbeforethesituationgetsoutofcontrol4. You can hear the music in all sections of the stadium.5. The company employs 5 people._6. They are going to buy a new TV set next week._7. My great grandfather built this house 60 years ago.MysistergavemethekeysoI could get in.odysaidanythingeuplastnightHowd