1、1 Zaryadye Park, MoscowProject InformationProject Location ： Russia Moscow, RussiaProject Classify： PlanningProject Scale： 13haDesign Time： 2013-Buildtime ： -Client： Moscow City GovernmentChief Designer： Kongjian YuProject ProfileIn June this year, the Turenscape Consortium was selected, as one of a

2、 shortlist of 6, to prepare a design proposal for Zaryadye Park, Moscow. Our scheme is titled Blue Circle of Moscow , whicahrheaflsecting pool in the shape of a perfect circle as its centerpiece, as a mirror to the Moscow skyline, managing urban stormwater, and around which a myriad of programs and

3、landscapes will flourish.The Blue Circle is envisioned as a new city icon, which links the past with the present and the future, which reconnects man with nature, which reunites the separated urban space, and which gathers individuals of all kinds.Project conceptRooted in the genius loci of Moscow a

4、nd the site, the Zaryadye Park is designed as an urban ecosystem that provides multiple eco-services to the city and people. By overlaying the richness of sites historical layers, the Park becomes a living puzzle that locks together the city s memory, culture, ecology and peoprlev, ewahlsich the mem

5、ory of the past and makes a prophecy for the future. Zaryadye Park is a contemporary landscape with a new aesthetic based on environmental ethics: it offers high performance and requires low maintenance; it repairs the broken connections between man and nature. Its main feature - the Blue Circle is

6、the perfect counterpoint to the Red Square.Challenges of the site that the proposal needs to deal with areUrban Ecology: storm water and snow melts from surroundingNational Identity: an icon with representative, authentic, natural and cultural landscapeHarsh Climate: cold winter and hot summerRecrea

7、tion and Tourism: provides intimate spacesand also for activities in a crowd settingHeritage and history: existing buildings as open-air museumSite Connectivity: linking Red Square, waterfront, and contextProject StrategiesIn order to deal with the challenges we adopted a design strategy, which prov

8、idesA functional ecosystem that cleans and filtrates citysn ows msteolrtm water andand support native biodiversityA new icon of Moscow that represents an authentic natural and cultural landscapeAn oasis that regulates the harsh climate and urban environment and acts as aretreat to provide an intimat

9、e experience of natureA place that gathers people and stages different activities in all seasonsandweatherA public balcony and open museum for the city which catches the best views of Moscows heritage skylineA uniting space that connects the surrounding urban fabric and the waterfrontProject Descrip

10、tionZaryadye Park - the Blue Circle of Moscow - is an integration of 4 layers.Firstly, it is a system of Designed Natures. It is composed of 5 major landscapeelements that represent Russianvernacular landscapes - them being, the monastery gardens, meadow, constructedwetland, reflection pond and birc

11、h forest.Secondly, the scheme brings to the fore the footprints remnants on the site. Thedesign visualizes the imprints of the historical buildings and streetscape that liesunderneath, and transforms these imprints into a functional wetland and ground pattern.Thirdly, there are the Winter gardens. S

12、ervice facilities including cafe，網and temporary exhibitions are contained in glass houses.Lastly, there is the Boardwalk and Skywalk system that are detached from theground and that integrate seating with platforms and environmental interpretationsystem for people to experience the designed natures.

13、2 Quzhou Luming ParkProject ProfileProject Statement:On a site surrounded by dense new urban development, the landscape architect created a dynamic urban park by incorporating the agricultural strategy of crop rotation and a low maintenance meadow. An elevated floating network of pedestrian paths, p

14、latforms and pavilions create a visual frame for this cultivated swath and the natural features of the terrain and water. Using these strategies, a deserted mismanaged landscape was dramatically transformed into a productive and beautiful setting for urban living, while preserving the natural and cu

15、ltural patterns and processes of the site.Project NarrativesChallenges and Objective：sThe project is located on the west bank of the Shiliang River, in the West New District of Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, with a population of 2.5 million. The city, boasting a history of over 1,800 years, is know

16、n to the world because of its strategic location on the east coast of China. During the World War II, the US Air Force used the small airport at Quzhou as a base for the Doolittle Raid (the Tokyo Raid), on 18 April, 1942.With a total area of 32 hectares, the site is surrounded by intensive urban dev

17、elopment, bounded by the river on the west and an urban thoroughfare at the east. It is a remnant patchwork landscape made up of rolling hills covered with a mosaic of exposed red sandstone; vegetated areas of bushes and grasses; small swathes of abandoned farm fields; a riparian flood plain along t

18、he river basin; and a linear grove of trees bordering the river. Scattered in this landscape were small village trails paved with river stones, an old resting pavilion, an irrigation ditch leading to a pump house that pulled water from the river. There is an elevation drop of 20 meters from the urba

19、n roadway to the riparian flood plain and a sandstone cliff at the water front. The conventional approach in developing a large new urban district in China is to level the sit ethe method used in the surrounding landscape for urban areas and parks. Simply becausethis rugged landscape mosaic is not c

20、onsidered valuable or aesthetically pleasing and the cultural landscape elements are deemed insignificant, the common practice of leveling the ground simplifies the mechanical and engineering processes and facilitates the installation of infrastructure such as roads, water supply and storm water dra

21、inage.The client s simple request was that the park should be a multifunctional green space that provides recreational opportunities for the citizens. The landscape architect took this opportunity to explore innovative concepts to realize the potential for an urban park that is not only a recreation

22、al green space, but also serves as ecological infrastructure that provides holistic ecosystems benefits. The design goals also included addressing big picture issues such as climate change, food and energy security, water resilience, and a new landscapeaesthetic of productivity and low maintenance.

23、Ideas such as “ befriendingthe flood ” a,gricultural urbanism and productive landscape, minimum intervention, performative landscape, etc. are integrated into a landscape transformation strategy: “ quilting the terrain ” .Design Strategy: Quilting the terrainThe transformative strategy of quilting t

24、he terrain is executed by the following four strategies:Preservation of the landscape s assetsThe mosaic landscape pattern and its natural processes are kept basically unchanged: the rock outcroppings and cliffs, the brush and grass cover, the natural drainage system and the fluctuation of river wat

25、er, the agricultural fields, and the trees lining the river bank are kept intact. The cultural landscape elements including the village trails with the old pavilion and the irrigation ditch with the pump house are treated as cultural heritage elements of the siteto be maintained and repaired to pres

26、erve the site s historyThese significant natural and cultural landscape features compose a canvas laced with meaning and rich textures, onto which the landscape architect weaved in layers of contextually appropriate design.“ Quilting ” productive vegetation into the terrain: While the existing habit

27、ats were preserved, productive crops were introduced to cover the abandoned fields. The crops rotate annually according to the season: canola flowers in the spring, sunflowers in the summer and fall, and buckwheat in early winter. Meadows planted with a mixture of flower species also rotate with oth

28、er productive crops in some areas. Patches of low maintenance perennial chrysanthemum flowers, which can be harvested for Chinese herbal medicine, are grown to enrich the landscape spectrum. Two areas of grassy lawnsare designated for camping, athletic fields, kid s recreation, etc. The diverse pall

29、et ofvegetation creates an overall productive and/or low maintenance canvas that encourages dynamic year-round events and celebrations and provides day-to-day use of the park.3) Adapting the water processesand water resilience: The pre-existing drainage system on the site was preserved, and addition

30、al bio-swales were added to fields and sloped areas to capture and filter stormwater (which can be used for irrigation when needed). Permeable materials were used on all paved surfaces. Concrete embankments were removed so that the river and wetlands were free to fluctuate naturally. A boardwalk was

31、 designed to “ float ” above the river creating an access route that allows visitors to appreciate the red stone cliffs, which would otherwise go unnoticed. The pavilions were built to be flood-friendly.4) Framing the terrain and water with a network of paths and structures: Boardwalks, bridges, pla

32、tforms, pavilions and a viewing tower form a circulation network that provides visitors with a rich set of interactions with the mosaic landscape. The pavilion structures are inspired by the simple shelters dotted in the vernacular landscape that provide lunch and resting space for working farmers i

33、n the fields in this subtropical climate. This network, while detached from the“ canvas ” of the landscape mosaic belit, effectively transforms the productive and “ messy” nature by visually framing it into a pleasing array of interactive experiences.An environmental interpretation system was design

34、ed to tell the natural and cultural stories of the site and to raise overall environmental awareness.ConclusionThe park has been very successful as a place for local residents to relax and recreate. It has become a dynamic urban oasis with celebrations and many kinds of eve ntse the spontaneous gath

35、erings spawned by social media for locals who follow the seasonal blooming of flowers. These events encourage residents to be aware of the changes of seasons that are often obscured by the hustle of urban life. This connection to naturecan refresh the memories of a once rural population (80% of the

36、urban residents, as with the general Chinese urban population, were farmers two or three decades ago). On a fine day, one can be easily moved by scenes throughout the park: kids of various ages jumping and yelling in excitement in one of the pavilions floating above the lush vegetation, young people

37、 hugging and falling in love in a fields of flowers, newlyweds having their wedding photographs taken with the productive farmland in the background, couples caring for their babies in strollers above the boardwalk, and elderly couples walking arm-in-arm and resting on the platforms overlooking the

38、new city. As the terrain slopes up from the river, the landscape is quilted with productive and fecund vegetation. Offering respite from the dense urban surroundings, these verdant tableaus are framed by an experiential network of boardwalks and structures that look out onto the memories of the past

39、 and hopes and dreams for the future.3 The Mei Garden,JinhuaProject Profile.Project statementThis project uses cut-and-fill strategy to create a constructed wetland that cleans eutrophic water and restores native habitats for biodiversity, adapts the hot and rainy subtropical monsoon climate for eve

40、ryday outdoor use, and creates a matrix of explorative spaces inspired by the poetic and picturesque nature of traditional gardening and flower appreciation.Challenges and ObjectivesIn early 2010, the landscape architect was asked to design the Mei Flower Garden in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, pa

41、rticularly for the appreciation of the Mei Flower, also known as the Plum Blossom, arguably the most appreciated flower in Chinese culture. For over two thousand years, scholars have put in ink hundreds and thousands of poems and paintings appreciating this particular flower. It is a symbol of the m

42、oral characteristics highly valued by the Chinese scholars, such as modesty, righteous，ness independence, solitude, courtesy, etc., largely because the Mei flowers bloom lonely in the earliest spring and have delicate colors, forms and fragrances. The Mei Flowers should not be displayed in plain sig

43、ht but rather hidden away. Those seeking to appreciate the flowers must embark on explorations to find the hidden blossoms, or encounter them unexpectedly during an arduous journey. This kind of poetic and picturesque appreciation were designed in the Chinese classical gardens, where a scholar would

44、 be sitting in solitude in his courtyard or wandering among the artificial rockeries.But how can a contemporary garden be designed to respect and echo such a rich traditional cultural heritage? The design must overcome the following challenges:The first challenge is spatial: how to design the space

45、and setting so that the poetic and picturesque method of the Mei Flower appreciation can be achieved while accommodating hundreds of visitors at the same time, instead of a few scholars in a private garden?The second challenge stems from the physiology of the Mei Flower: the Mei Flower has a very sh

46、ort blooming season, from early February to early March before leaves come out, and it loses its charm immediately after that. Furthermore, the Mei Flower is small and quietly elegant in color, making it barely visible. How can the garden be attractive and visible in all seasons?The third challenge

47、comes from the site itself: It is a piece of deserted riparian plain claimed by the building of a hundred-year flood wall. It was narrow and swampy lowland piled with building debris, garbage, and urban runoff. The nearby river water was heavily contaminated (eutrophic). The Mei Flower is picky for

48、its habitat and needs good drainage. While rich water resource is a blessing for an interesting garden, the heavily polluted water presents a major challenge.The fourth Challenge is the local climate: Jinhua is dominated by the sub-tropical monsoon climate. It is wet and hot in the summer and has ab

49、out 80 inches of annual precipitation. Outdoor recreational activities are not comfortable for the spring, summer and winter.In addressing the above challenges, the design takes the following strategies:.Design StrategiesCut-and-fill to create a terraced valley: Making use of the existing terrain, a

50、 simple cut-and-fill technique is used to transform the landform and the garbage dump into a 20 foot deep urban oasis. The top terraces of the valley are covered with evergreen vegetation including pine and bamboo that become the backdrop for the Mei Flower groves on the middle terraces. At the bott

51、om of the valley is a constructed wetland with boardwalks on both sides of the creek.Construct a wetland to clean the eutrophic water: To adapt to the monsoon climate, the constructed wetland at the bottom of the terraced valley is designed as a green sponge and bio-filter that retains and remediate

52、s the urban runoff and the polluted river water that is pumped from the nearby river in by a windmill. Four ecologically designed weirs are created to slow down the water flow running from the south to the north end where the cleansed water sinks into the lotus ponds. Each of the bio-filters are composed of multiple vegetation bends, and are integrated with east-west paths and walled boxes that exhibit samples of the Mei Flower.A matrix of boxes hiding the famous flowers: At the end of the creek and after the water is cleansed by the constructed wetland, the water runs through a