1、PAGE PAGE 23北京市首都師范大學附屬中學2021屆高三英語上學期開學考試試題（含解析）一、語法填空AThere will be a lecture in our library, at 4:00 on Wednesday afternoon. Our history teacher Mr. Zhang _1_ (invite)to talk about Chinese traditional festivals. Im sure youll learn more about Chinese culture and customs. Please be present on time

2、_2_ you might take a notebook and a pen with you. After the lecture, you are welcome _3_(ask)questions and Im sure Mr. Zhang will be glad to communicate with you.【答案】1. will be invited 2. and 3. to ask【解析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了圖書館將有一個講座，在周三下午4點舉行。同時還介紹了講座的一些信息。【1題詳解】考查動詞時態語態。句意：我們的歷史老師張老師將被邀請來談論中國的傳統節日。根據上

3、文There will be a lecture in our library, at 4:00 on Wednesday afternoon.可知為一般將來時，且主語與謂語動詞構成被動關系，故用一般將來時的被動語態。故填will be invited。【2題詳解】考查連詞。句意：請準時到場，你可以帶上筆記本和筆。根據上文Please be present on time以及后文you might take a notebook and a pen with you.可知此處為“祈使句+and+簡單句”結構，相當于if引導的肯定條件句。故填and。【3題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：講座結束后，

4、歡迎大家提問，相信張先生會很高興與大家進行交流。結合句意表示“歡迎做某事”短語為be welcome to do sth.。故填to ask。BDear Jo,Thanks for you letter. Sounds like you had a good Christmas. Ours _4_(be)pretty good, too. Joan arrived just after breakfast and we went for a long walk in the morning. By the time we got home Mark _5_ (cook)us a wonderf

5、ul dinner. We just sat in front of the TV during the afternoon watching old films. Then, around midnight _6_ we were just going to bed, Louise phoned form Australia to say “hallo”. She says shes hoping to come to see us next Christmas.【答案】4. was 5. had cooked 6. when【解析】這是一篇記敘文。主要為作者給朋友Jo寫信，講述自己家過圣誕

6、節的經過。【4題詳解】考查動詞時態。句意：我們的也很不錯。上文ours指代“我們的圣誕節”，故謂語動詞應用單數形式，且事情發生在過去故應用一般過去時。故填was。【5題詳解】考查動詞時態。句意：我們到家時，馬克已經為我們做了一頓豐盛的晚餐。根據上文By the time we got home可知表示在過去某個動作或某個具體時間之前已經發生、完成的動作，應用過去完成時。故填had cooked。【6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：然后，大約午夜時分，當我們正要睡覺時，露易絲從澳大利亞打來電話說“你好”。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞midnight，且先行詞在從句中作時間狀語，故應用關系副詞when。故

7、填when。CLike many travel industries, the negative influences on the environment seem to outweigh the positive _7_ (one). Though the cruise industry is relatively small compared to the airline industry, cruise ships and their passengers generate more waste and pollutant emissions while travelling and

8、docked in port. A one-week voyage generates more _8_ 50 tons of garbage, and 3.78 million litres of waste water is produced. That is water _9_ is harmful to the ocean life and cannot be poured back into the ocean without _10_ (treat). These numbers are multiplied by more than 200 cruise ships sailin

9、g the word 365 days a year.【答案】7. ones 8. than 9. which/that 10. being treated【解析】這是一篇說明文。說明了像許多旅游業一樣，對環境的負面影響似乎超過了正面影響。雖然郵輪行業相對于航空業來說規模較小，但郵輪及其乘客在旅行和停靠港口的過程中產生了更多的廢物和污染物排放。文章列舉了具體的數字來說明郵輪行業對環境的污染問題。【7題詳解】考查代詞。句意：像許多旅游業一樣，對環境的負面影響似乎超過了正面影響。此處指代與上文“負面影響”相對的“正面影響”，指代復數可數名詞influences應用代詞ones。故填ones。【8題

10、詳解】考查固定短語。句意：一周的航行產生超過50多噸垃圾，產生378萬升廢水。結合句意表示“超過”短語為more than。故填than。【9題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：那是對海洋生物有害的水，不經過處理就不能倒回海洋。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞water，且先行詞在從句中作主語，指物應用關系代詞which或that。故填which/that。【10題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：那是對海洋生物有害的水，不經過處理就不能倒回海洋。without為介詞，后跟動名詞作賓語，且treat與water構成被動關系，故應用being done形式。故填being treated。二、完形填空For a lo

11、ng time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students,_11_across the campus with their heavy instrument cases,_12_at school for practice hoursbefore anyone else had to be there. He swore to himself to_13_music

12、, as he hated getting to school extra early._14_, one day, in the music class that was _15_of his schools standard curriculum, he was playing idly(隨意地) on the piano and found it easyto pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually_16_doing it. He tried to hide his_17_pleasure

13、from the music teacher, who had wanderedover to listen. He might not have done this particularly well, _18_the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good _19_and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there _20_him. There he decided to give the cello(大提琴) a

14、 _21_. When he began practicing, he took it verycasually. But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committedto practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.This _22_, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, _23_his heavy

15、 instrument case across the campus to the _24_looks of the non-musicians he had left_25_.11. A. travellingB. marchingC. pacingD. struggling12. A. rising upB. coming upC. driving upD. turning up13. A. betrayB. acceptC. avoidD. appreciate14. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. ThusD. Moreover15. A. partB. nature

16、C. basisD. spirit16. A. missedB. dislikedC. enjoyedD. denied17. A. transparentB. obviousC. falseD. similar18. A. becauseB. butC. thoughD. so19. A. earB. tasteC. heartD. voice20. A. occurred toB. took toC. appealed toD. held to21. A. changeB. chanceC. missionD. function22. A. provedB. showedC. stress

17、edD. meant23. A. pushingB. draggingC. liftingD. rushing24. A. admiringB. pityingC. annoyingD. teasing25. A. overB. asideC. behindD. out【答案】11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Gabriel看到學音樂的學生拿著重重的音樂器材穿過校園，早上早練好幾個小時，便不想學習音樂。然而，一天

18、他不經意地彈奏，發現他喜歡彈奏。因此他開始經歷了那些學音樂的學生的歷程。【11題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在他上高中的頭幾年，Gabriel會憐憫地看著那些拿著沉重的樂器箱在校園里掙扎的學生，趕在其他人之前出現在學校練習幾個小時。A. travelling旅行；B. marching前進；C. pacing踱步；D. struggling掙扎。根據“with their heavy instrument cases”可知，每天上學的時候，Gabriel總是同情地看著背著沉重的樂器的同學們艱難地穿梭于校園中，struggle努力，艱難地行進，斗爭，符合語境。故選D。【12題詳解】考查動詞短語

19、辨析。句意：在他上高中的頭幾年，Gabriel會憐憫地看著那些拿著沉重的樂器箱在校園里掙扎的學生，趕在其他人之前出現在學校練習幾個小時。A. rising up上升；B. coming up走近；C. driving up抬高，開車趕到；D. turning up出現。根據“ at school for practice hours anyone else”可知，學習音樂的同學需要比不學音樂的早到學校幾個小時，為了練習彈奏樂器，turn up原意“調高(音量)”，在此意為“出現”，符合語境。故選D。【13題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他對自己發誓要避免音樂，因為他討厭早到學校。A. betr

20、ay背叛；B. accept接受；C. avoid避免；D. appreciate欣賞。根據“as he hated getting to school extra early”可知，Gabriel討厭過早到校，因此他對自己發誓要避免音樂，故選C。【14題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在音樂課上（這是他學校標準課程的一部分），他在彈鋼琴，發現彈起來很容易。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Thus因此；D. Moreover而且。結合上下文語境可知為轉折關系，應用however。故選B。【15題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在音樂課上（這

21、是他學校標準課程的一部分），他在彈鋼琴，發現彈起來很容易。A. part部分；B. nature自然；C. basis基礎；D. spirit精神。結合后文of his schools standard curriculum可知音樂課是學校的標準課程的一部分，言外之意就是說，每個學生都得上這個音樂課。故選A。【16題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：帶著一種消沉的感覺，他意識到他實際上很喜愛做這件事。A. missed錯過；B. disliked不喜歡；C. enjoyed喜愛，欣賞；D. denied拒絕。根據后面一句中的“pleasure”可知，他意識到他事實上喜歡彈鋼琴。enjoy喜愛，符合

22、語境。故選C。【17題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他試圖對走過來聽他演奏的音樂老師隱藏他明顯的喜悅。A. transparent透明的；B. obvious明顯的；C. false錯誤的；D. similar相似的。根據前面一句可知，他意識到他事實上喜歡彈鋼琴。結合上文tried to hide his可知推斷他對音樂的這種喜悅是很明顯被發現的，所以要試圖隱藏。故選B。【18題詳解】考查連接詞辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因為老師告訴Gabriel他的樂感很好，并建議Gabriel到音樂商店去看看那里有沒有吸引他的樂器。A. because因為；B. but但是；C. though雖然；

23、D. so所以。此處為原因狀語從句，表示“因為”應用because。故選A。【19題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因為老師告訴Gabriel他的樂感很好，并建議Gabriel到音樂商店去看看那里有沒有吸引他的樂器。A. ear耳朵；B. taste味道；C. heart心；D. voice聲音。根據上文可知，他隨意彈奏就能成曲子，說明他有樂感。a good ear“有好的鑒賞力”，符合語境。故選A。【20題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因為老師告訴Gabriel他的樂感很好，并建議Gabriel到音樂商店去看看那里有沒有吸引他的樂器。A. occurre

24、d to發生；B. took to帶走；C. appealed to吸引，呼吁；D. held to堅持。根據語境可知，老師建議Gabriel走進音樂商店看看有沒有什么樂器能吸引他。故選C。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里，他決定試一試大提琴。A. change改變；B. chance機會；C. mission任務；D. function功能。此處考查短語give sth. a chance“嘗試一下”。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當然，這就意味著他一大早就到了學校，拖著沉重的樂器箱穿過校園，他已經把非音樂生憐憫的看法拋在身后了。A. proved證明；B. sh

25、owed展示；C. stressed強調；D. meant意味著。結合上文But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.可知Gabriel愛上了大提琴，這意味著他早上要早到學校，拖曳這沉重的樂器穿過校園。故選D。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當然，這就意味著他一大早就到了學校，拖著沉重的樂器箱穿過校園，他已經把非音樂

26、生憐憫的看法拋在身后了。A. pushing推；B. dragging拖拽；C. lifting舉起；D. rushing沖。根據后文his heavy instrument case可知是拖拽著沉重的樂器箱。故選B。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當然，這就意味著他一大早就到了學校，拖著沉重的樂器箱穿過校園，他已經把非音樂生憐憫的看法拋在身后了。A. admiring欽佩；B. pitying同情；C. annoying惹惱；D. teasing取笑。根據文章第一段中Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students可知，他很長時間不想

27、從事音樂，他同情地看著學音樂的學生。故選B。【25題詳解】考查介詞辨析。句意：當然，這就意味著他一大早就到了學校，拖著沉重的樂器箱穿過校園，他已經把非音樂生憐憫的看法拋在身后了。A. over穿過；B. aside在旁邊；C. behind在后面；D. out出去。根據上題解析可知，他已經把非音樂生憐憫的看法拋在身后了。leave behind“留下，超過”。故選C。三、閱讀理解AFire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professio

28、nals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(噴水滅火裝置)systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (滅火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the tw

29、o exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手動的)fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your sa

30、fety, never tamper with(胡亂擺弄)these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:Take your room key and IDFailed to download image : /QBM/2020/8/3/25198

31、67658747904/2522076407029760/STEM/27096eaa2417471aa51c358ccc1823c6.png close and lock the door to your room.Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on eac

32、h floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.Smoke Detect

33、orA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(閃動)，contact reside

34、nce hall staff immediately.Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.26. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?A. Pipes and smoke detectors.B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.C. Fire alar

35、m pull stations and pipes.D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations27. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D. Using them without a trainer prese

36、nt is forbidden.28. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_.A. contact the hall staff regularlyB. cover the things that burn easilyC. start the smoke detector in a fireD. make certain the red light is working【答案】26. B 27. A 28. D【解析】這是一篇應用文。介紹了防火的相關信息，包括：警報器的種類、消防演習的注意事項、滅火器的

37、使用、煙霧檢測器的信息。【26題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知大多數還配備了自動火災報警系統，包括熱探測器、煙霧探測器和灑水器。由此可知，火災自動報警系統包括煙霧探測器和灑水器。故選B。【27題詳解】細節理解題。根據Fire Extinguishers部分中Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.

38、可知濫用滅火器會導致罰款。由此可知，不恰當地使用滅火器會導致被處罰。故選A。【28題詳解】細節理解題。根據倒數第三段If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(閃動)，contact residence hall staff immediately.可知如果您的煙霧探測器工作正常，紅色指示燈應該是亮的。如遇紅燈不閃爍，應立即與宿舍工作人員聯系。由此可知，為了確保煙霧探測器的安全運行，應該確保紅燈在工作。故選D。BGood Morn

39、ing Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef

40、Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.We love Me

41、xican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains. I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this

42、 food ourselves. The eight-part series(系列節自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend tim

43、e with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.29. What do we know about Susanna Reid? 學-科網A. S

44、he enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning.D. She has had a light budget for her family.30. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking mat

45、ters.D. He invites guest families for her.31. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.32. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keepi

46、ng Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less【答案】29. B 30. C 31. C 32. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一檔英國電視節目，給觀眾介紹如何減少食物浪費以及如何以較少的預算做出美味佳肴。【29題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第一段Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every mornin

47、g, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她開辟了一個新的節目。故選B。【30題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.可知，Susan

48、na在廚師Matt Tebbutt的幫助下，提供如何減少食物浪費同時花費低于5的一個家庭一整天的食譜。故選C。解題關鍵詞：同義詞表達with the help of和help。【31題詳解】寫作意圖題。根據文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food節目是Save Money: Good Health節目之后，給觀眾一些建議：如何從市場上眾多的健康產品中獲取價值。也就是給這個節目補

49、充背景信息，故選C。【32題詳解】主旨要義題。根據文章的整體內容可知，文章作者一直在講如何用較少的錢做出好的食物。根據文章中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.（在資金緊張的情況下，準備可口且有營養的飯菜）；how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. 如何減少食物浪費同時花費低于5的一個家庭一整天的食譜；how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我們自己

50、做這種食物有多便宜；less expensive but still tasty recipes.不貴但仍然可口的食譜。故D項Cooking Well for Less是最佳標題。【點睛】本篇文章學生感到比較難的是26題，很多學生不知道作者在說什么，不明白作者的意圖，感到很茫然。根據文章中的Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health,可知作者是為讀者介紹了Save Money這個節目是怎么來的，即是背景信息。CEnough “meaningless drivel”. Thats

51、the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committees report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensibl

52、e legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (認證標記) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, f

53、irms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a vol

54、untary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller. Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “W

55、e do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information. But what would happen in practice is another matter,” he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special atten

56、tion because it is so new. “We still dont know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidencetothecommittee,saystheproblemisthatwedontknowhowcompanieswilluseourdata

57、because their businessmodelsandusesofdataarestillevolving.Largecollectionsofpersonal information havebecomevaluableonlyrecently,hesays. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people dont expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situa

58、tion isnt working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.33. What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social

59、 media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.34. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether_.A. social media

60、firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models35. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention