1、高考近5年全國卷真題語法專項(xiàng)-定語從句定語從句一.考點(diǎn)概述：本考點(diǎn)是歷年高考中考查的重點(diǎn)，主要考查關(guān)系代詞(who,which,that,whose,whom)和關(guān)系副詞 (when, where, why ) 的用法；考查形式：語法填空和 短文改錯(cuò)；其次閱讀理解和完型填空中長難 句的分析等二.考點(diǎn)聚焦功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后例如： He is the man who studies in USA.本句中涉及到三個(gè)概念：.先行詞即the man :被定語從句飾的詞稱為先行詞先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如：some-, any-, every

2、-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣 可作先行詞。.引導(dǎo)詞即who:起連接的作用引導(dǎo)詞分兩類：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞：who;which;that;whose;whom關(guān)系副詞：when;where;why.從句即studies in USA.:引導(dǎo)詞之后的句子。三.考點(diǎn)精講關(guān)系代詞 :who;which; that; whom; whose其中關(guān)系代詞who;which;that;whom用于后面的從句缺主語或賓語的情況who:指代先行詞是人(可做從句的主語或賓語)高考近5年全國卷

3、真題語法專項(xiàng)-定語從句She is the girl who I teach in China.（ 從句缺賓語）That is the man who teaches us English.（從句缺主語）which:指代先行詞是物（做從句的主語或賓語）That is the book which I want.（從句缺賓語）There is a bird which stands in the building.（ 從句缺主語 ）that:指代先行詞是人或物（做從句的主語或賓語）She is the girl who/that I teach in China.（ 從句缺賓語）There is

4、 a bird which/that stands in the building.（從句缺主語 ）whom指代先行詞是人，但只用于從句是缺賓語的情況。She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.（ 從句缺賓語）That is the man whom teaches us English.（從句缺主語，本句用 whom 是錯(cuò)誤的）whose:指代從句中缺定語的情況（表示所屬關(guān)系）That is the building whose windows broke last night.（本句中的 windows 是屬于the building構(gòu)成一種所屬關(guān)

5、系即缺少building s）2.關(guān)系副詞：when;where;why（該三個(gè)詞主要用于從句是不缺主語或是賓語的情況即從句是個(gè)完整句）（1） when:指代先行詞表時(shí)間如：time; month;year;occasion等（形式上等于介詞+which）I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.（該從句是個(gè)完整的句子，先行詞是the day在從句中需要加個(gè)介詞 on來做狀語的成分即I came to Beijing on the day）（2）where :指代先行詞是地點(diǎn)的詞如：place;house;school;

6、也可以是模糊的詞如：point;stage;work;situation等（形式上等于介詞 +which）That is the place where/in which I was born .（該從句 I was born 也是一個(gè)完整句,即不缺主語或賓語的，此時(shí) where可以換成in which）（3）why:指代先行詞是表原因的詞即：reason （形式上只能是等于for+which）That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.高考近5年全國卷真題語法專項(xiàng)-定語從句四.非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明作用，

7、缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有逗號(hào)隔開。The house, which I bought last year, has a lovely garden.He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.I still remember the day, when I came to Beijing.五.總結(jié)定語從句三步法：.找出先行詞.判斷從句是不是完整句：完整句考慮關(guān)系副詞：when;where; why不是完整句考慮關(guān)系代詞：that;who;which;whom;whose.選

8、擇合適的關(guān)系詞汪息：定語從句中是沒有引導(dǎo)詞 what;非限制性定語從句中無引導(dǎo)詞that ;The house, that I bought last year, has a lovely garden.( 錯(cuò)誤)改為 The house, which I bought last year, has a lovely garden.(3)先行詞做從句的賓語時(shí)，可省引導(dǎo)詞That is the book which I want.( 從句缺賓語)可改為 That is the book I want.(4)在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which.先行詞被形容詞

9、最高級(jí)序數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被only、any、few、little 、no、all、one of 等修飾時(shí)。高考近5年全國卷真題語法專項(xiàng)-定語從句.先行詞為 all、 much、 little、 none、 few、 one、something 、anything 等不定代詞.先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ag

10、o.當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時(shí)。Which are the books that you bought for me ?(5)宜用which 而不用that的情況(1)在非限制性定語從句中(2)在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)(3)當(dāng)先行詞本身是 that時(shí)(4)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)2015年一2019年全國卷語法專項(xiàng)語法填空Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by art

11、ists in somany Chinese paintings .（2015 年全國 1）解析:本句中的從句是缺主語的，所以考慮關(guān)系代詞，通過判斷先行詞是 mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 表示物所以填 that或 which。But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid- 1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter.（201笄全國 1）高考近5年全國卷真題語法專項(xiàng)-定語從句解析:本句意思是

12、我和熊貓的關(guān)聯(lián)要追溯到20世紀(jì)80年代，那時(shí)我是第一個(gè)西方的記者。通過判斷本句是個(gè)非限制性定語從句，而從句是完整句考慮 關(guān)系副詞，先行詞是the 1980s,表示時(shí)間所以填 whenSome people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. （2016 年全國3）解析：一些人認(rèn)為偉大的中國學(xué)者孔子，生活在公園前的551到479,影響了筷子的發(fā)展。本句的從句是缺主語，考慮關(guān)系代詞，先

13、行詞是Chinese scholar Confucius , 表示人，所以填 who。Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health. （2017 年全國 1）解析：本題通過判斷是考查非限制性定語從句，從句是缺主語，考慮關(guān)系代詞，先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子，表示個(gè)事件，填 which oBut Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well

14、 as beauty（2017 年全國 3）解析：Sarah和頂級(jí)模特已經(jīng)參加了表演，想證明她有智慧和美麗。本句的 從句是缺主語，先行詞是 Sarah,表示人，填who。Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes day of running reduced the riskof heart disease and early deaths from all cause s2018 年全國 1）解析：兩個(gè)評(píng)論家也做了研究，在 2014年被

15、發(fā)表，這項(xiàng)研究表明5到10分 鐘跑步可以減少心臟病和早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本句中的從句缺少主語，考慮關(guān)系代詞，先行詞是study,填that或which。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizerrecommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.（2018年全國2）

16、高考近5年全國卷真題語法專項(xiàng)-定語從句解析：政府開始了一項(xiàng)土壤測(cè)試項(xiàng)目，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目對(duì)農(nóng)民給出了具體的建議。本句中從句缺少主語考慮關(guān)系代詞，先行詞是program,填that或which。Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.（2019全國 2）解析：卜ene Astbury每天在寵物店從9點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)工作，她和她后來的丈夫創(chuàng) 辦的。本句考查的是非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)閺木?she opened缺少賓語， 考慮關(guān)

17、系代詞，先行詞是shop,表示物，填which oWe were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for theseanimals. （2019年全國 3）解析：這些狗都受到了主人的良好訓(xùn)練，并且這些狗主人在照顧動(dòng)物上有豐 富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。本句中從句是had great experienced沒有主語，考慮關(guān)系代詞，先 行詞是their masters 表

18、示物，填 who。短文改錯(cuò)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, thatis on the rooftop of their house. （2017 年全國 2）解析：在空閑時(shí)間，他們?cè)诨▓@里種蔬菜很感興趣，而這些花園是在他們的屋頂上。本句中定語從句 that is on the rooftop of their house前有個(gè)逗號(hào)，所 以是非限制性定語從句，把that改為whichAround me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments（ 2017 年全國 3）解析：在照片中，我的周圍是那時(shí)我生命中非常重要的東西：車刊和樂器。本句的中的從句they were very important修飾the things來做定語，所以they 改為 which 或 thatoThey also had a small pond, which they raised fish.（2018 年全國 1）解析：他們有一小的池子