1、不同的地理特征對漢英習語影響【abstrat】thegegraphyenvirnentisnnetedtthehuansliveslsely.frtheanientties,thehuantriedtheirbesttnquerthenature,trebuildit.atthattie,thestiprtantfuntinastiprvetheprdutin.sinthisperid,thehuansivilizatinsereinfluenedbythegegraphy.hinaislatedintheeastftheeurasiaandntheestbankfthepaifiean-hi

2、hesuthestfhina,thereisthehialayas,andthesuthestisalargedesert,beausefthese,eansaythathinaasrelativelyislatedfrtheutsiderld.eanhile,hinahasalargeffieldfrtillageandtheliatesuitstit.sthehineseivilizatinisthegegraphyivilizatin.butinenglandandtheesternuntries,theylakftheinlandbu

3、tneartheediterraneanandtheatlantiean,theseeresuitedtdevelptheseaivilizatin.theidisaretheflersfthehineseandenglishulture.sthispaperilllisttheidisabutthegegraphyinhineseandenglishlanguages.leteveryneknrethegegraphyhineseandenglishidis【keyrds】gegraphy;idis;hinese;english【摘要】地理環境與人類的生存密切相關，遠古的人類就是在不斷地征服

4、自然，改造自然中，發展、壯大起來。可以說，古代人類最重要的活動就是征服自然，發展生產。當時的人類的文化受到地理環境的影響。中國位于歐亞大陸的東部，東邊是難以逾越的太平洋，西南是有世界屋脊之稱的喜馬拉雅山，西北是一片大沙漠，可以說中國是相對地與外界隔離。并且中國有大片土地供耕耘，氣候也適合農耕，因此中國的文化是農耕文化，其文化偏向土地。而英國，乃至整個西方，適合耕耘的土地少，而且面向地中海，大西洋，適合發展海洋文化。而西方文化的發源地古希臘，更可以被稱為是典型的海洋文化，因此，英國的文化更偏向海洋。習語是中西文化中的精華，本篇將列出中西習語中受地理影響的部分。旨在弄清地理環境與文化之間的關系。【

5、關鍵詞】地理；習語；漢語；英語1、intrdutintheenvirnentinfluenestheulture.huanandthenaturearerelatedlsely.frnething,huandependsnthenature,andisbundbythenature.franther,huanalaystrytasterthenatureandrebuildit.1aseallkn,thehineseultureandtheenglishulturehavedifferentnatureenvirnents.hinahasalargeplainfrtillage.butinth

6、eesternuntries,espeiallyinthegreee,thetherftheesternivilizatin,hassalllandfrtillage,thelandisfrthestkbreeding.hilethegreekhavelesslandtdevelptheagriulture,theylivenearthesea,theediterranean,stheyansailintheseafrere.beausefthedifferenes,thehineseultureandtheenglishulturearedifferent.thehineseultureis

7、theagriultureivilizatin2andtheenglishultureisfrthegreekivilizatin,stheenglishultureistheseaivilizatin.32、hehineseandenglishidis,thereareanyidisabutthegegraphy.sefthehineseandenglishidishaveth

8、esiilareanings,hegrupfidis,hihhavesiilareaning,anyftheusethesaeiages,hilethersusethedifferentiagestexplainthesaething.2.1thesiilaritiesbeteenenglishidisandhineseidisabutthegegraphyinanyfthehineseandenglishidis,theyhavethesaeeanings.inidently,anyftheusethesaeiages.its

9、hsthatthehinesepepleandenglishpepleexperienethesiilarneptins.eanhile,sefthehavethesaeeanings,buttheyusethedifferentiagestexplain.frthat,euldknthatalthughthehineseandenglishpeplehavethesaeexperiene,theyhavethedifferentultures.stheidisalaysusethedifferentiages.2.1.1thehinese-englishgegraphyidisthatuse

10、thesiilariagesintheanienthinaandengland,thepepleayhavethesaeexperiene,andinidentlyusethesaeiagetdesribethesaething.itisveryinidental.(1)fishintrubleaters4and渾水摸魚5eaning:tprfitinanfusedenvirnente.g.dntfishintrubleaters;thatdesyungd.(2)pur/thrldatern6and潑冷水eaning:tdisuragee.g.thebardfdiretrpuredldater

11、nhisneinvestentprpsalsinthatregin.(3)akeaves7and興風作浪8eaning:taketrublee.g.theyliftitasntthetietakeavesbystagingasit-in.(4)giththestrea9and隨波逐流10eaning:dasthersde.g.helistenedtthesaeusianddressedthesaeayashisfriends.heentiththestrea,frhelakednfideneinakinghisndeisin.(5)burnnesbat/bridges11and破釜沉舟12ea

12、ning:tdsethingthatakeitipssibletgbake.g.startingyurnbusinesshasaltfrisk,sthinktiebefreyuburnyurbat.theidisinthisgruprefletthattheenglishidisandhineseidisarenearlyinidental.pepleindifferentulturesexperienethesiilarneptins.theexaples(1)t(4)areusingthesaeiages.theexaple(5),inhineseeuse“釜”and“舟”but,inen

13、glishtheyjustuse“bat”r“bridge”.inbthhineseandenglishthebat,thekingptandthebridgeareallveryiprtanttpeplelives.2.1.2thehinese-englishgegraphyidisthatusedifferentiageshiletheanienthinesepepleandenglishpepleinidentlyusethesaeiagetexplainthesaething.stfthetie,thehineseandenglishpepleusethedifferentiagest

14、explainthesaething.(1)bein/getinhtater13rindeepater14and泥菩薩過江eaning:tbeinrgetinttrublee.g.shehasgtinthtateragainfrherinquisitivenaturereently.(2)adrpinthebuket/ean15and九牛一毛eaning:anegligiblertinyquantity;sethingthatakelittledifferenee.g.tenentseansaltfneytthebeggarnthestreet,butisadrpintheeanfrstpep

15、le.(3)paddlenesnane16and自力更生eaning:tdependnneselfe.g.dntrrytuhabutyursn;heisbigenughtpaddlehisnane.(4)abigfish(inalittlepnd)17and頂天立地18eaning:aniprtantpersn(inasallunity)e.g.itldyuhengergeaeturdepartenttyearsagthathedsnjb-hp.heisabigfish.theidisinthisgruprefletthattheenglishidisandhineseidishavethes

16、aeeaning,heexaple(2)inenglishtheyuse“ean”,hileinhineseeuse“牛”.theexaple(4),inenglishtheyuse“fish”,butinhineseeuse“地”.theexaple(5),inenglishtheyuse“fish”,butinhineseeuse“牛”.theseshthattheenglishulturebelngsttheseaivilizatin,andthehineseulturebelngsttheagriultureivilizatin.b

17、eausefishisthenralthinginseaivilizatin,andthexisaveryiprtantanialfrtheagriulture.3thedifferenesbeteenenglishidisandhineseidisabutthegegraphytheenvirnentinfluenedtheidisveryuh.frexaple,inhina,therealargelandfrtillage,sinhineseidis,thereareanyidisabut“tu”(土)、“di”（地）、and“niu”（牛）-theseareallnnetedlselyt

18、heesternuntries,espeiallyinthegreekthetherftheesternivilizatins,thereareanyuntainsandsalllandfrtillage.theyhadtdevelpthebusinessatsea.sintheenglishidis,thereareanyidisabutthesea,thebatandthefish.thereisatypialexaple,hihuldexplainthis.inhina,esay“huijinr

19、utu”（揮金如土），butinenglish,theysay“spendneylikeater”.thesetarealldesribingthatsenespendneyveryuh,butinhineseeuse“tu”,hileinenglishtheyuse“ater”.3.1thedifferentiagesabutthegegraphialrdsinhineseandenglishidisnatterhethertheidishavethesaeeaning,rhavethedifferenteanings,theiriagesareallabutthegegraphialrds

20、.inhineseidis,anyftheiagesarennetedttheland.inenglish,anyftheiagesarennetedtthesea.3.1.1thehinesegegraphyidisthelandisveryiprtanttthepepleslive.alstheagriultureisthestiprtantativityinthepeplesnlive.therearesanyidisusethegegraphialrdstexplainsething.thereareseexapleuldshit.(1)juantuhnglai(卷土重來)19stag

21、eaebak(2)ianrutuse(面如土色)20lkashen;lkpalee.g.turnpaleithfright(3)yibaitudi(一敗涂地)21failpletely;sufferarushingdefeat;beruted.e.g.ejustantpssiblyfailpletely,afterallthepreparatineveade.(4)hutianqiangdi(呼天搶地)22laenttheavenandknknesheadnearthutterriesfanguish.frthisgrupfidis,euldseethatthelandisveryiprtan

22、ttthehinese.sinthehineseidis,thereareanyidisabuttheland.thehineseulturebelngsttheagriultureivilizatin.3.1.2theenglishgegraphyidisinengland,theseaisnnetedtthepepleslifelsely.englandisanislanduntry.inengland,thefieldisless,thelandisfrstkbreeding.theenglishpeplealaysaketheirlivingnthesea.sthereareanyid

23、isabuttheseaandtheship.(1)atsea23naship,etntheseae.g.spendthreenthsatseantknhattd;nfusede.g.iallatsea;ihavenideahtrepairars.(2)issthebat24issanpprtunity;betlatetpartiipateinsethinge.g.sheputherappliatininfrherintervienedaylate.unfrtunatelyfrhertheuniversityauthritiesulddnthingandshehadissedthebat(3)

24、atbtt25inreality;reallybasiallye.g.heseesaggressivebutatbttheiskindandgd-natural(4)antherkettleffish(adifferentkettleffish)26apletelydifferentpersnrthingfrthenepreviuslyentinede.g.heisgdatplayingtennisinprivate,butplayinginpubliisadifferentkettleffish.thisgrupfidisrefletthatthesea、thebat、thefisharev

25、eryiprtanttthepepleslives.theenglishulturebelngsttheseaivilizatin.pepleliveinthedifferentgegraphyenvirnentsillreatedifferentultures.alltheulturesuldntbeseparatedfrtheirenvirnents.beausefitsregin,liateandenvirnent,everyulturehasitsnharater.27theenvirnentinfluenestheulturedeeply.thehineseagriultureivi

26、lizatinakesthehineseidisusethegegraphialrdsastheiages.andtheenglishseaivilizatinakestheenglishidisusetheiageabutthesea.3.2theausesfthehineseandenglishidisusingthedifferentiagestheidisareaeptedthrughnpratie.theyhaveeintbeingfralngtie.tdaystftheidiserefredintheanientties.hydesthehineseulturebelngtthea

27、griultureivilizatin?hydestheenglishulturebelngttheseaivilizatin.ifeanttkntheselearly,ehadbetterlkinttheriginsfthehineseandenglishivilizatins.3.2.1thediffereneftheriginsfthehineseandesternivilizatins(i)heriginsfthehine

28、seivilizatin,thetillageisthestiprtantthinginpeplelive.sthehineseultureisnnetedtthefieldlsely.thehineseivilizatinisverylng.itanderivefr70005000yearsag.28frthe“yangshaivilizatin”thehineseivilizatinhadbegun.fritasslngag,thatanydataabutthisivilizatinerelst.thehineseivilizatinisneftheldestivilizatinsinth

29、ehuanhistry.theriginuldderivefrtheldstneage.andinthenestneage,thehineseivilizatindevelpedveryfast.in21stb.thexiadynastyasfunded,hihasthefirststglriusivilizatinintheanienthina.asthethersreatinftheulture,intheearliestreatinfthehineseulture,thestneasthetlsftheagriulture.thearhaelgistidentifiedthisperid

30、:theldstneage.iththeusingfthearsestnetls,uranestralsasteredtheskillfgettingfirebytheselves.befre10,000t4000yearsag,hisperid,thehineseenteredthedrftheivilizatin,beginningtheearlystagefthehineseivilizatin.beteen1963and1964,thearhaelgistdisveredthe“lantiansiian”ins

31、hanxi.the“lantiansiian”livedinabut800,000yearsag.in1927,thearhaelgistdisveredthe“beijingsiian”inbeijing,hlivedabut600,000yearsag.theseareallprvedthatallthehineseivilizatinasallthehinesepeplereatedinurnland.29frexaple,thehineseharater“社”，the“示”denstratesthe“gd”,andthe“土”denstratestheland.frthiseansee

32、thelandisveryiprtantttheanientpeple.thefllingidisillrefletit.“土崩瓦解”(ruble;fallapart;llapse)30“人杰地靈”(thegreatnessfaanlendsglrytaplae)31“談天說地”(talkfeverythingunderthesun)32“鋪天蓋地”(bltuttheskyandveruptheearth)33.frtheseidis,euldseethatthelandisthestiprtantthingttheanientpeple.sintheidistherearesanyidisa

33、butthegegraphy.(ii)theriginsftheenglishivilizatintheenglishultureisfrthegreeeivilizatin.theldgreeeivilizatininfluenedthereatinanddevelpentftheesternsivilizatin.itssaidthattheldgreeeivilizatinasthetherftheeurpeanulture.34iththerannquest,theranbrughttheirultureandustsintbritain.theranstue,rnaent,ptter

34、yandglassesvesselsspreadinbritain.fursethesiallivebeaeran.iththesethingsbrughtintbritain,thelatinasspreadinbritain.atthattie,inbritain,theffiiallanguage,thelaandtheereereallusedthelatin.latinbeaethesendlanguageftheupperelts.35“latinasriginallythelanguageflatiu,butaetbethedialetfre.theuseflatinspread

35、iththegrthftheranepire,hihinludeddernitaly,spainandprtugal,stfbritain,franeandgerany,suthftherhineandthedanube.beyndeurpeitinludednrthafriaandpalestine.evenherelatindidntsurviveasaspkenlanguage,itreainedastheinternatinallanguagefshlarship.thisisarleitastretainthrughuteurpefrellverathusandyears.asare

36、sult,alltheajrlanguagesftheeurpehavebeenprfundlyinfluenedbylatin,ntnlyintheirvabulary,butalsintheirgraar”.36intheliteralrerd,theldgreeeivilizatinhadbegunin800b.,itas2000yearslaterthantheldbabylnivilizatinandtheegyptivilizatin.butatthetieitappeared,itshnitslivelyharater,itsativityandsprite.itinfluene

37、dthedevelpentftheesternivilizatindeeply.37thefllingidisillrefletit.“uddytheater”(takeasituatinnfusedandntlear)38,“beinthesaebat”(tbeinthesaediffiultirustane)39,“arssthebard”(invlvingallstaff)40.frtheseidis,eanseethattheseaisveryiprtantttheesternpepleslives.therearesanygegraphyidisintheenglishidis.fr

38、these,euldknlearlythat,heriginsfthehineseivilizatin,thelandsereveryiprtanttthepeple,surultureisdependingnthelandandagriulture.inenglish,thelandisntveryiprtanttpeple,thepepleadetheirlivingfrthesea,theirulturedependnthesea.3.2.2thedifferenesft

39、hegegraphyfthehinaandengland(i)thehinesegegraphyintheeastfhina,itisthepaifiean,hihisntliketheediterraneansea,henrthest,thereisalargedesert,andinthesuthest,thereistheqingzanghighlandandthehengduanuntain.sinthisenvirnent,thehinesepeplearerelativelyislatedfrtheutsideuld.stfth

40、ehineseareaslateintheiddlelatitude,stheeatherisild.hinalatesintheeastfthebiggestainlandtheeurasia,andintheestfthebiggesteanthepaifiean,thesuthestfthehinaisneartheindianean,andisinfluenedbythensn.sinstfthehineseareasaresuitablefrthedevelpingftheagriulture.41thereareanygegraphyidisanrefletthatthegegra

41、phyinfluenedtheultureuh.“滄海桑田”(frseasintulberryfieldandfrulberryfieldintseastiebringsgreathangesttherld)42.“土生土長”（lallybrnandbred;brnandbrughtupinthelality）43.“別有天地”(aplaefuniquebeautyseneryfexeptinalhar;analtgetherdifferentrld)44.“解甲歸田”(takeffnesarrttheland;)45(ii)theenglishgegraphytheenglandlatedi

42、heestftheengland,thereistheatlantiean,heeastftheengland,thereistheenglandhannel,hethreeislands,thelandissall,andthelandisfrstkbreeding.alsthefarerinenglandisfe.b

43、eausefthesereasns,theenglishpepleaketheirlivinginthesea.thereareanyidisuldrefletit.“setsail”(beginavyage)46.“aldfish”(aseeingunfriendlypersn)76.“belikeafishutfater”(tfeelingunfrtablerakardbeauseneisinsurrundingsthatarentfailiar)48.“havebigger/therfishtfry”(thavereiprtantrreinterestingthingstd)49.3.2

44、.3thedifferenesfthehineseandenglishivilizatins(i)thehineseagriultureivilizatinfr7000yearst5000yearsag,hereainsinbanpvillageinxian;angquanuntyinshanxi,edisveredtheearliesttls,suhas:stneaxe,stneshvel,bneuprt,ptteryknife.frthese,euldsee,thatatthattie,theygreth

45、evalleyandvegetablesintheiddleareasftheyellriver.fr5000yearsag,the“lngshanivilizatin”,heearliestliteralrerds,eanseethatbefre1600b.,inshangdynasty,theagriultureasthestessentialaytlive.50afterthezhudynastyasfunded,theagriulturebeaetheenteratt

46、erftheenireatininhinaatthattie.astheagriulturebeaereandreiprtantinthepublienireatin,theagriulturetlsandskillsdevelpedveryfast.theplugh,uprt,sikleandsn,areadefirn,andtheanialslikethehrsesandtheattleareusedinthetillage.(ii)theenglishseaivilizatinbeausefthelakingfinland,theagriultureprdutinintheengland

47、uldnteettheneedsftheppulatin,thepeplehadtakealivinginthesea.frthesereasns,tdevelpthestkraising,fishingandsailing,tnquerthetransarinelandistheainaytkeeptheptbiling.frthenestneage,thepeplehlivedintheislandintheaegeanseahadsetuptherelatinshipiththeegypt,anatlianandsn.iththedevelpentftheskillsfthehandrk

48、andsailinginthebrnzeage,theirbusinessesiththeuntrieshiharundtheerereandrelsely.theysettheerialbaseintheastalareaftheegypt,asia,pheniia,andyprus.thereteislandbeaeaereuntry,beausefthedevelpingfthehandrkandtherebradenfthespefthebusiness.51beausefsallinlandarea,iftheenglishpepleanttiprvetheirliving,then

49、lyayistdbusinessiththeruntries.thisakestheenglishdevelptheseaivilizatin.thehineseivilizatinandtheenglishivilizatinarepletelydifferent.thehinesepepledependntheland,anddevelptheagriultureivilizatin.thehinesepepledthetillagegeneratinbygeneratin.beausefthese,thehineseultureisrelatedttheland,espeiallyint

50、heidis,therearesanyidisabutthelandandtheattle.inenglish,beausefsallinlandarea,andtheyfaetheatlantiean,thisseaispeaeandrih,theyanaketheirlivinginthesea,heenglishidis,thereareanyidisabutthesea,thebatandthefish.sbeausefthedifferentgegraphy,theidisinhineseandinenglisharequirtdifferent.thehineseidisarefullftheidisabutt