1、現在完成時）現在完成時通常表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響和結果。說話人強調的是該動作或狀態對現在的 結果或影響。My daughter has just gone out.我女兒剛出去。I m sure we ve met be我肯定我們以前見過面。She has arrived.她到了。）表示開始于過去并持續到現在的動作或狀態，往往和包括現在在內的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for等。，since ,yetI haven t heard from her these days這些日子我沒有收到她的信。We ha

2、ven t seen you recently.最近我們沒有見到你。They have bee n away for two years. 他們離開已經兩年了。She has bee n with us since Mon day.3）.現在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現在這段時間內重復發生的動作We have had four texts this semester.have been to 禾口 have gone to 的區另Uhave been to強調 去過”現已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美國去過三次。（過去到美國

3、”現在已不在美國”）have gone to主要強調的是 去了 ”，現在人不在說話的現場，如：-Wheres your mother?-你媽媽在哪？-She has gone to the hospital.-她去醫院了。一、結構r 1.肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他否定句：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞+其他* 3.般疑問句：have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他Yes,主語 +have/has. No ,主語 +have/has+notl 4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他二、常和現在完成時一起連用的時間狀語

4、注意:.現在完成時不能單獨與準確時間連用，（如表示過去的時間狀語）如yesterday（morning、after noon） ,last（m orning、afternoon）等，除非與 for, since 連用.現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用女口 already （肯定），yet （否定，疑問），just, before, recently, still, lately , Just, already, yet, ever, never,before, twice（重復性時間），for+短時間，since+點時間，so far, how long提問的疑問句中 He has

5、 already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空Jim has been in Ireland Monday.Jill has been in Ireland three days.His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.Mary is in her office

6、. She has been there 7 oclock.India has been an independent country 1974.The bus is late. Theyve been waiting 20 minutes.Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.注意： 如單純表示一段時間，或強調一段時間，雖有 since 一詞，也不必用完成時。如： It is two

7、 years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.現在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用, 如 ever, never, twice, several times 等 :Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman sever

8、al times.現在完成時還往往可以同包括現在時間在內的時間狀語連用 ,如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far 等 :Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.三、當現在完成時與表示短時間的時間狀語連用時，謂語動詞必須使用延續性動詞。如果謂語動詞是非 延續性動詞則轉化為對應的延續性動詞。 若不是和短時間連用，則不用轉化。英語的行為動詞有持續性動詞和瞬間性動

9、詞之分，使用中應注意兩者的區別。持續性動詞 : 表示一個動作可以持續一段時間或更長時間。等。常見的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep瞬間性動詞 : 表示一個動作發生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動詞。常見的 -begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open,

10、close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等瞬間性動詞在完成時中如要與表示持續一段時間的狀語連用，通常用意思相當的持續性動詞來替換 He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. (他參軍已有 3年了。)不用 has joinedShe has bee n up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不用 has got upHas y

11、our brother bee n away from home for a long time?（離家已有好久了嗎？）不用 has left常用瞬間動詞相應持續性動詞關系：1、go be away10、ope nbe ope n2、come be here11、closebe closed3、come back be back12、losebe lost4、leave be away (be not here)13、get to know know5、 buyhave14、turn on - be on6、borrow keep15、get upbe up7、 diebe dead8、 be

12、g inbe on9、finish be over16、sit down sit/beseated17、join be in ()或 be a member18、become beHe has come here for 2 weeks. xThe old man has died for 4 mon ths.xThey have left only for 5 minu tes.x以上三句話可以改為：He has bee n here for 2 weeks.The old man hasfor 4 mon ths.They haveonly for 5 minu tesHe has bee

13、 n a soldier for three years .他參軍三年了。His father has bee n dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。We have studied English for three years.我們(開始)學英語已三年了。瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用例如：I haven t seen you for a long time.好久沒見到你了。）四、區別下面三組詞| Have been to表示去過某地方，不過現在已經回來Have

14、 gone to 表示去了，還未回來Have been in 表示一直在某個地方廠lt/that/this is the + 第幾次+ that句子（此句子用現在完成時）V It /this/that was the + 第幾次 +that句子（此句子用過去完成時）It/that/this is the +形容詞最高級+名詞+ that句子（此句子用現在完成時） LIt/that/this was the +形容詞最高級+名詞+ that句子（此句子用過去完成時）It is the first time that I have seen movie.It was the first time

15、that I had see n movie. 這是我第一次看電影。This is the most interesting film that he has seen.This was the most interesting film that he had seen. 這是他看過的最有趣的電影。五、現在完成時和一般過去時的區別現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的確和現在有聯系。動作或狀態發生在過去,但它的影響現在還存在；而一般過去時表示過去的事實，不表示和現在的關系。I have just bee n to Lon do n. I went there last mo

16、n th. 我剛去過倫敦，是上個月去的。過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now,具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once , before, already, recently , lately現在完成時的時間狀語for,

17、 since, so far, ever, n ever, just, yet, till / un til, up to now, in past years, always,六、現在完成時的反義疑問句的結構主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞+其他，have/has+not+主語主語+have/has+not+動詞過去分詞+其他，have/has+主語現在完成時的練習（一）一、單項選擇s happened to him .1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they whatA. knewB . have knownC . must knowD . wil

18、l know2、He has been to Shanghai, has he?A . alreadyB . neverC . everD . stillA . justB . ago4、 The famous writer5、 Our country a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be evenB.changed; goodC . haschanged ;betterD . changed; betterA . is writingB .was writingC .wrote D .has writtenA . has changed ; well3、

19、Have you met Mr. Li ？C .beforeD .a moment agoone new book in the past two year . Really? Whenthere?A . will they goB.did they goC.do they goD.have they gone10、youyour homework yet ?A.C.11、A.12、A.Yes. IDid; do; finishedit a moment ago.Have; done; have finishedHis fatherjoinedB.D.the Party since 1978B

20、 . has joined Do you know him well ?Sure .WefriendswereB . have beenHave; done; finishedwill; do; finishC . was inD. has been insince ten years ago .C . have becomeD . have mad 113、 How long have youA . was; studyingB . will;studyC . has;studiedD . are;studying7、 We _ XiaoLi since she was alittle gi

21、rl .A . knowB .had knownC . haveknownD . knew8、HarryPotter is avery nice film. I_ it twice .6、 Zhao Lan alreadyin this school for two years .A . will seeB . have seenC . sawD .seeUnited States9、 These farmers have been to thehere ?Abouttwo months.C . comeD . ArrivedA . beenB . gone14、Hurry up! Thepl

22、ayfor ten minutes.A .has begunB .had begunC . has been onD . Began15、Ittenyears since heleft the army .A .isB.hasC . willD . Was16、Miss Green isntin the office.sheto the library.A .hasgoneB.wentC .will goD .has been17、Mypare ntsShandongfor ten years.A .have beeninB . have been toC .have gonetoD. hav

23、e been18、Thestude nts haveclea ned theclassroom,?A. so theyB. don theyC. have they D. haven they19has Mr White been amember of Gree ner China si nee heto China?A.How soon, comesB.Howoften, gotC.How long, cameD.Howfar, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A.has come hereB.hasstarted to workC.ha

24、s lived thereD.hasleft the university二、句型轉換。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句）2、They have been here since 2000.（對劃線部分提問）have they bee n here?3、The old manlast year. He for a year. （die）（動詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.（同義句轉換 ）This factoryfor twenty years.5、 Miss Gao left an hour ago.（同義句轉

25、換）Miss Gaoan hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）Her motherthe Party three years.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.（同義句轉換 ）two yearsthe Gree n family moved to France.8、 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.（把兩個句子合并成一個句子）三、漢譯英。我剛剛丟了我的化學書。

26、(just)我以前從來沒去過那個農場。(n ever)你已經看過這部電影了嗎?我妹妹成為一個大學生已經三年。他們已去了美國五年了。(for)現在完成時練習(二)Fill in the bla nks with the proper form.1already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.he(fin ish) his work today? Not yet.My fatherjust(come) back from work. He is tired now.Where s Li Ming ? He(go)to the teachersoffice.I

27、(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.So far I(make) quite a few friends here.How longthe Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.Ijust(fin ish) my homework.He(go) to school on foot every day.you(find) your scie nee book yet?If it(be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you.The stude nts(read) En glish whe n the t

28、eacher came in.Look! The mon key(climb) the tree.My mother(come) to see me next Sun day.Ive lost my pen.you(see) it any where?Choose the best an swer.How long have youhere?A. comeB. gotC. arrivedD. beenMy gran dpa diedA. at the age of my 2C. whe n I was 2.B. for 2 yearsD. my age was 6.Jane hasto Bei

29、 Jing. She will come back tomorrow.A. bee nB. goneC. wentIt is ten yearsI last saw her.A. afterB. sinceC. for-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?-I will. Iher several times.A. metB. have metC. had met-What a nice dress! How longyouit?-Just 2 weeks.D. never beenD. thatD. will meetA. will, buyB.

30、 did, buyC. are, havi ng D. have, had- Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes, She and Ifriends since we were very young.A. have madeB. have become C. have bee nD. have tur nedThe Smithsin China for 8 years.A. has livedB. livedC. have bee n D. live-Hello, this is Mr. Green speak in g. Can I speak to Mr. B

31、lack?-Sorry. Hethe Bai niao Park.A. has bee n toB. has gone to C. went toD. will go to-you everto the US?-Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, bee n C, Do, goD. were, goingRewrite the sentences.I have been to Macau before.（改為否定句）Ibee n to Macau before.He hasn t come to school because he wasMl劃線部分提問）he

32、come to school?I bough a new bike just now.（用 just 改寫）Ijusta new bike.We began to learn English three years ago.（改為同義句 ）WeEn glishthree yearsHe has never surfed,?（改成反意疑問句）They have bee n here si nee 2000.(對劃線部分提問)have they bee n here?The old manlast year. He hasfor a year. (die)(動詞填空)Miss Gao left a

33、n hour ago.(同義句轉換)Miss Gao hasan hour ago.IV . Ask the questionsI have bee n there for two days. TOC o 1-5 h z you?My father has lived here si nee 2000.your father?He left here yesterday.he?They bought a book two hours ago.theya book?V .Use “ never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in t

34、he blanks.1.1 havesee n him before, so I have no idea about him.Jack hasfini shed his homework.Mr. Wang has taught in this schoolten years.“ Have youseen the film?”“ No, I haveseen it.“ Has the bus left?”“ Yes, it hasleft.”六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各種形式填空。Where is Jack? Hehis c

35、oun try.Davidthe park just now.Joh nEn gla nd since he came back.How longtheythis village?The SmithsBeiji ng for years.you everAmerica? - Yes, Ithere many times.Ithis school since three years ago.Where is Jim? Hethe farm.Whenhe? Hean hour ago.Would you like to to the zoo with me? -Yes, but Ithere be

36、fore.Whereyounow? - I to the zoo.He ofte nswimmi ng.youthere last year?they ofte nskati ng in wi nter?七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空1.1 havesee n him before, so I have no idea about him.Jack hasfini shed his homework.Mr. Wang has taught in this schoolten years.“ Have youseen the

37、film?”“ No, I haveseen it. TOC o 1-5 h z “ Has the bus left?”“ Yes, it hasleft.”八、結束性動詞轉換為以下延續性動詞或者表示可以延續的狀態的短語。arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to spt be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be thereHe got to Beiji ng five minu tes ago.HeBeiji ng for.I moved

38、 to the USA in 2008.I the USA since.I went home yesterday.I home for.They came here last week.Theyhere e to / go back to / return to be back to go out t be outHe came out two years ago.Hefor.We retur n to Beiji ng yesterday.Weto Beiji ng since.become t beI became a teacher in 2000.Ia teacher for.The

39、 river became dirty last year.The riverdirty for.close t be closedopen t be openThe shop closed two hours ago.The shopfor.The door ope ned at six in the morning.The doorfor six hours.get up t be up; die t be dead; leave sp. t be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep; finish / end be ove

40、r ； marry be married;I got up two hours ago. TOC o 1-5 h z I since .He left Shanghai just now.He Shanghai for five minutes.My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for .The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ since .They married in 1990.They since .start / begin to do sth. do sth. ； beginbe onI began to teach at this school in 1995.I