1、動詞的時態(tài)句子中用到動詞，需要注意“三個問題”1. 時態(tài)（16 種）2. 語態(tài) （語態(tài)）3. 語氣 （虛擬語氣）動詞的時態(tài)（A）一般時1)一般現(xiàn)在時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ V 的一般現(xiàn)在式用法：表示經(jīng)常性、性的動作，常用時間狀語often, usually, every day 等；1)He goes to school at six every day.He usually spendmmerhe mountains.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征；My parents live in a village near the Swiss border. England and France are separa

2、ted by the English Channel.表示客觀真理、格言等；The earth moves around the sun.2)3)Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗4)在時間&條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。（主將從現(xiàn)）When I graduate, Ill go to the countryside.If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting.下列從句中也通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來Make sure Be sureTake care Make certain See to it例如：+ （t）

3、+ 從句（通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來）Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave. Be sure you finish it today.See to itt the door is fastened before you go to bed.形式時間軸A 一般時B 進(jìn)行時C 完成時D 完成進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在將來過去過去將來2)一般將來時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + will /shall + V 原型用法：1） 表示將來要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。Ill be sixteen years old next month.The sun will rise at

4、 5:30 tomorrow morning.2） 表示根據(jù)目前的情況分析，將來會發(fā)生的事。例如：The weather will be good tomorrow. He will be in prison for a long time.Look at the sky. It will probably rain later.3） 表示根據(jù)安排、意愿或決定將要去做的事。例如：You look tired, Ill cook dinner tonight. We will visit the nature museum tomorrow.I will come with you at the

5、kend, whatever my parents say!4）另有以下為幾種常見的表示將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)： be going to + V 原型 (比基本形式多了一層“計劃性”)We are going to have a meeting today.He is going to do some shophe nearest supermarket tomorrow morning. be about to + V 原型(意為“眼下馬上就要發(fā)生”或者是“緊急的情況”)Come on! The check-in desk is about to close.The plane is about to

6、 take offSo the passengers are asked to turn off their mobile phones be to + V 原型 (表示根據(jù)安排或計劃“堅定、堅決要發(fā)生的事”)The play is to be performed next Friday eveningTheis to hold an offil reception for the visitors. be due to + V 原型(表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)于將來某時做某事”)常與時間狀語連用。Im due to graduatehe nexlf of the year.The repairs are d

7、ue to start on 26th May.表示往返移動的動詞，如：come, go, leave, arrive, take off ,fly, move 等，以及表示開始結(jié)束的動詞，如：begin, start, stop, end, open, close 等,可以用一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來要出現(xiàn)的情況。 一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，(表示常規(guī)狀態(tài)的，按時間表要發(fā)生的“將來行為或動作”)The train leaves at ninehe morning. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來，be的“將來事情”)ng (表示非慣例的、新安排的、說話人看來非常重要They are getting mar

8、ried next month.The Computer City has announcedt it is opening four new shops next month.3)一般過去時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ V 的一般過去式用法：1）表示過去某時間發(fā)生的且已完成的動作。例如：He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.He wrote ten letters this morning.表示在過去存在的某種狀態(tài)，或過去持續(xù)了一段時間的狀態(tài)。例如：2）He lived in Paris until he was ten.表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或多次反復(fù)的行為。例如：3）He rode a

9、bike to school every day when he was a middle school student.Every morning I took a walk when I washe country side.I used to play chess. (過去常發(fā)生，而現(xiàn)在不再如此)During the vacation I would swimhe sea.4）在下列虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中，用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在Its timeI wishId rather+ 從句（用一般過去時）例如：Its time you had a holiday.I wish you lived clos

10、er to us. I d rather you did it now.（B）進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + am/is/are + V-ing用法：表示現(xiàn)在（說話時）正在進(jìn)行的動作. The boys are playing basketball on the playground now. Look! It is raining outside.表示在一個特定的時間段里反復(fù)進(jìn)行的事情. We are making mplanes these days. Mr. Green is writing a novel these days.3) 動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與 always、constant

11、ly、continually、forever等連用，表達(dá)某種感彩，如不耐煩、不滿意等. She is always complaining. He is forever finding fault with me.4）表示根據(jù)安排在最近的將來要出現(xiàn)的情況5)將來進(jìn)行時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + Will + be + V-ing用法：表示將來某個具體的時間點、時間段將會正在進(jìn)行的動作1)When I get home after work, you will probably be watchingYou are having English class right now, then what wil

12、l you be tomorrow?表示按計劃要做或預(yù)定會發(fā)生的事（表示將來行為）I will be seeing her over Christmas vacation.Im sorry, I cant come to your wedding as Ill be working onevi.ng this time2)t day.重在表達(dá)將來事件是慣例或常規(guī)，且肯定會發(fā)生。試比較：We have ourkly meeting tomorrow.Were having ourkly meeting tomorrow instead of Friday thisk.Well be having

13、 ourkly meeting tomorrow so Ill present your proal then.6)過去進(jìn)行時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + was/ were + V-ing用法：1）表示過去某一時刻、某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作He was reading a novel when I came in. In 1980 he was studying in a university.與一般過去時的對比He wrote a book last year.(已經(jīng)寫完)He was writing a book last year.(正在寫，可能尚未寫完)He lived in Paris duri

14、ng his last years.(長久的情況).( 曾經(jīng)一時的情況而已)Ippened while I was living in Lon（C）完成時7)現(xiàn)在完成時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + has/ have + p.p. (動詞的過去分詞)用法：1）表示動作在說話前已完成，但對現(xiàn)在有影響。可與某些時間狀語連用，如：y, still, ever, so far, seldom, never 等。already, yet, just, recently, laI have lost my wallet. ( 目前仍未找到) He has already obtained a scholarship.

15、I havent seen much of him recently.2）表示的動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會持續(xù)下去，常與 for 和 since連用，或表示（包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的狀語）連用，如：now, today, thisk, upto now，so far 等。He has studied English for 5 years. I have been here since 2013.Up to now, everything has been sucsful.基本形式動作的狀態(tài)動作的持續(xù)性一般過去時動詞的過去式已完成或較長久的情況過去進(jìn)行時was/ were + V-ing正

16、在進(jìn)行短暫的動作3）在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，要用現(xiàn)在完成時序數(shù)詞It / This is + the +the onlyAdj 的+ sth +t +現(xiàn)在完成時It is thetimet Ive seen such a wonderful building.This is the only bookt he has ever written.It is the best filmt Ive ever seen.與一般過去時的對比The tower has stood there for centuries.I havent seen Keith this morning yet.I didnt see

17、 KeiIve been to Beijint all this morning.ice.I went to Beijing in 2011 and 2013.8)過去完成時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + had + p.p. (動詞的過去分詞)用法：1）表示過去某一時間節(jié)點前已完成的動作。Byof last year we had built five new houses.By the time the UK task force arrived, the rebel forhad taken the province.9)將來完成時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + will/ shall +have+p.p. (動詞

18、的過去分詞)用法：一般過去時 （動詞的過去式）現(xiàn)在完成時 (has/have + P.P)動作或行為已結(jié)束強(qiáng)調(diào)動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表述時間已經(jīng)過去表述的時間尚未結(jié)束僅表示過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系指代一個明確的過去時間不指代明確的時間1) 預(yù)計將來某個時刻前 某行為已經(jīng)完成。簡單句常有 by, by then, before 等表時間的介詞，復(fù)合句中常有before, when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。Byof nextk, they will have reached the destination.By the time he arrives, we will already have

19、left California.Ill have finished reading the book before the next lesson.10) 過去將來時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + would+動詞用法：1）表示從過去的某時看來，將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用于賓語從句。They were suret they would succeed.He said he would call for me at six.She asked me what I would do the next morning.2) 其它幾種表達(dá)法：Was/were going to do sth 表示過去的計劃

20、、意圖，常表示未實現(xiàn)。Was/were to do Was/were about to do Was/were due to doWas/were to have表示按計劃在過去將來要發(fā)生的事e sth 表示“原本打算”“原計劃”做的事沒有發(fā)生。I was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he didnt come.2nd January, but the exploThe new department store was to have openeprevented this.練習(xí)題：一填空：1. You have a nice watch.nk y

21、ou. I it since I got married.A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought2.Old John died five years ago.Old John has 5 years. The film began 10 minutes ago.The film for 10 minutes. My uncle came here an hour ago.My uncle has for an hour.an hour my uncle came here.The girl sitting next to me on the plan

22、was very nervous, for she before.34.5.A. didnt flyB. hasnt flownC. hadnt flownD. wasnt flying6. Excuse me, Sir. Smoking is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. I .A.t knowB.didnt knowC. havent knownD. cant know7. Darling, I am sorry. I you coming tomorrow morning,diner for you.so I didnt prepareA.think / we

23、reB. thought/ wereC. think/ areD. thought / are二單選：1.(2002it?高考題)You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you likeIm sorry I anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt sayingB.t sayC. wont sayD. didnt say2.(2002高考題) I wonder why Jenny us recently. We should ha

24、ve heardfrom her by now.A. hasnt writtenB. doesnt writeC. wont writeD. hadnt written3.(2003春季高考題)When will you come to see me，Dad?I will go to see you when you the training course.A. will have finishedB. will finishC. are finishingD. finish4.(2003春季高考題)How long at this job? Since 1990.A. were you em

25、ployedC. had you been employedB. have you been employedD. will you be employedof last year, another new gymnasium in5.(2003春季高考題)ByBeijing.A. would be completedC. has been completedB. was being completedD. had been completed6.(2002bear高考題)The little girl her heart out because she her toyand beved sh

26、e wasnt ever going to find it.A. had cried; lostC. has cried; has lostB. cried; had lostD. cries; has lost7.(2002高考題)Excuse me，sir. Would you do me a favor?Of course. What is it?I if you couldl me how to fill out this form.A. had wonderedB. was wonderingC. would wonderD. did wonder8.(2002高考題)He will

27、 have learned English for eight years by the time hefrom the university next year.A. will graduateC. graduatesB. will have graduatedD.is to graduate9.(2002高考題)I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.A.is to blameB.is going to blameC.is to be blameD. should blame10. He has been writing th

28、e comition the whole morning and he still .A. has beenB. doesC. hasD.is11. If city noises from increasing, people shout to be heard even at thedinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have toB. are not kept; have toC.ot keep; will have toD.ot keep; have to12.The price ，but I doubt whethe

29、r it will remain so.A. went downB. will go downC. has gone downD. was going down13.How long each other before they married?For about a year.A. have they known; getB. did they know; getC.do they know; are going to get14. You cant move in right now. TheD. had they known; gothouse .A. has paedB.is paed

30、C.is being paedD.is paing15.Hey，look where you are going! Oh，Im terribly sorry.A. Im not noticingC.I havent noticed16. The reporter saidA. was travelingB.I wasnt noticingD.It noticet the UFO east to west when he saw it.B. traveledC. had been travelingD. was to travel17.Is this raincoat yours?No，mine

31、 there behind the door.A.is hangingB. has hangC. hangsD. hang18. I turned around and saw everybody at a man who loudly in aforeign language.A. was staring; was shoutingC. staring; shoutingB. was staring; shoutingD. stared; shouted19. Henry remained silent for a moment. He.A. thoughtB. had thoughtC.

32、was thinkingD. was thought20.We would like to go andnk him ourselves，but we out his address yet,A. havent foundB. hadnt foundC. didnt findD.t find21.Shirley a book abofinished.hina last year but It know whether she hasA. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writingrs .22. Have you got your test result? Not yet. The pA. are not correctingC. are still being correctedB. have not correctedD. have already been corrected23. See the clouds! It rain!A. will 24.A. tastesB.is going toC. mustD. certainlyhave to take this medic