1、A（2019年江西省重點中學盟校高三第一次聯考）The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today.The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events.A study led by UQ Sch

2、ool of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.“The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystem

3、s and blocking existing management efforts,“ Dr Maxwell said. "Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.”a Populations of critically endange

4、red bird species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas.Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amph

5、ibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals.Drought also led to 13 casesof breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities.UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservati

6、on Science director Professor JamesWatson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management.“The research clearly shows specieswill respond, often negatively, to extreme events ” Professor Watson said： As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are mo

7、re and more common, we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive.Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient伙復的） to increasing exposure to extreme events.1. How was the UQ research condu

8、cted?A. By observing extreme weather events.B. By protecting the endangered species.C. By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate.D. By analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened.2. What does the underlined word “annihilated” in Paragraph4 probably mean?A. destroyedB. defeatedC. d

9、ecreasedD. disappeared3. Which of the following sentencesis true about extreme weather events?A. Drought caused 13 cases of distinction in bird populations.B. Drought caused 12 cases of population decline in mammals.C. Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones.D. Cyclones wiped out populatio

10、ns of lizard.4. What can we infer from Professor Watson's words?A. Animals often show negative responses to extreme events.B. The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited.C. Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species.D. Complete and undama

11、ged habitats are of great importance to species' survival.答案與解析文章大意：本文為說明文。昆士蘭大學野生動物研究中心今天發布的一份報告顯示，上月在昆士蘭州北部極端高溫下大量飛狐死亡， 凸顯了該研究的重要性。昆士蘭大學的研究揭示了不同物種對重大氣 候事件的反應。本文主要介紹了這項研究。1. C 推理判斷題。根據第二段 “ A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcherDr Sean Maxwell has spent more than

12、 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.（j；國昆士蘭大 學地球與環境科學學院的研究員肖恩麥克斯韋博士領導了一項研究，該研究用了 70多年的時間來量化不同物種的反應）”可推知，英國昆士 蘭大學通過記錄動物對極端氣候的反應進行了這項研究。故 C選項正 確。2. D 詞義猜測題。根據第四段中畫線詞所在句中的“ leaving none of its kind（一只也不留下）”可知，畫線詞意為“滅絕的”。 A.destroyed 遭破壞的；B.defeated擊敗的；C.decreasedM少的；Disappeared消失 的。故

13、D選項正確。3. B 細節理解題。根據倒數第三段中的“whilemammals andamphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals: 可知，哺乳動物和 兩棲動物對干旱事件最敏感，干旱導致12例哺乳動物的主要種群數量下降。故B選項正確。4. D 推理判斷題。根據倒數第一段中的“ Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas shou

14、ld be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient（易恢復的）to increasing exposure to extreme events.只要有可能，就應該保留高質量和完整的棲息地，因為 這些地方是物種對日益增加的極端事件的適應能力最強的地方）”可推知，完整無損的棲息地對物種的生存至關重要。故 D選項正確。B（2019年山東省青島市一模）During Amsterdam's chaotic rush hour, nine- year- old Lotta Crok cycles to a

15、 very busy junction. "Look, " she says ."There's traffic coming from everywhere.Four trams from four different directions.For a child on a bike that's really confusing! ”Lotta is the first junior cycle mayor in the world and her working area is the Dutch capital.You would thin

16、k this challenge would be superfluous in a city known as the bicycle capital of the world.The number of bicycles in Amsterdam is estimated at 881, 000 more than the city's 850, 000 inhabitants and 63% of the population cycle daily.But children who cycle in Amsterdam face challenges. Lotta says:

17、“The three biggest problems for us are cars, cycling tourists and scooters（小型摩托）.The cars take up too much space, the tourists are always swinging side to side and stop when you least expect it, and the scooters simply run you over.”Lotta becamejunior cycle mayor in June last year when she won a con

18、test in which school children were asked to come up with plans to make cycling safer and more fun.Her idea was to add children's bikes to the popular bike share programme.Since Lotta was appointed junior cycle mayor, she has been busy, giving interviews, opening cycling contests in the city and

19、being a jury（評 審員）member during the Amsterdam Light Parade, an event in which Amsterdammers decorate their bikes with lights.She is now planning a meeting with the city's mayor to discuss ideas that children have come up with: "One of our proposals is a bicycle park where children can learn

20、 how to cycle.Right now, most of us learn it in the street, which can be quite busy.Another idea is to create an app for tourists to teach them the rules of cycling, because most of them really don't know.”Following the success of the Amsterdam scheme, cycle mayors around the world are now plann

21、ing to appoint junior colleagues .“They see it works really well J Boerma, the senior major, says ."I talk to the parents; Lotta talks to the children.And if you look at the city through the eyes of a child,you will also make it accessible for others.A city that's good for an eight - year-

22、old is also good for an 88 year- old.”1. Why is a junior cycle mayor appointed in Amsterdam?A. To teach children how to ride.B. To ensure cycling is safer for children.C. To give suggestions to the city's mayor on how to run the city.D. To organize the cycling contests in the city.2. Which word

23、can best replace the underlined word “superfluous'in Paragraph 2?A. importantB. unnecessaryC. difficultD. valuable3. What has Lotta done since she became the bike mayor?A. She has solved the three biggest problems for children cycling in Amsterdam.B. She has won a contest about cycling.C. She ha

24、s given interviews and been a jury member during a parade.D. She has given proposals to the city mayor.4. What's Boerma's attitude to the junior cycle mayor?A. Cautious.B. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.答案與解析文章大意：這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了阿姆斯特丹市去年任命九歲的洛特 克羅克為少年自行車市長的目的以及洛特克羅克為確保兒童騎自行車更安全所采取的努力。這

25、樣成功的例子受到了全世界的好評并被積極效仿。1. B 推理判斷題。由第四段 “ Lotta became junior cycle mayor inJune last year when she won a contest in which school children were asked to come up with plans to make cycling safer and more fun.Her idea was to add children's bikes to the popular bike share programme可知，去年 6 月， Lotta獲得了

26、一場比賽的冠軍，她成為了少年自行車市長。在這場比賽 中，學校的孩子們被要求提出讓騎自行車更安全、更有趣的計劃。她 的想法是將兒童自行車添加到流行的自行車共享計劃中。所以這場比 賽要求學校的孩子們站在自己的角度提出讓騎自行車更安全、更有趣 的計劃。故判斷出阿姆斯特丹任命了一位少年自行車市長的目的就是 確保兒童騎自行車更安全。故 B選項正確。2. B 詞義猜測題。由第二段中的 “ You would think this challenge would be superfluous in a city known as the bicycle capital of the world.The number of bicycles in Amsterdam is es