1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero核心單詞1. qualityn. U,C質，質量，品質；特性（既可用于描述物品，也用于描述人物）C性質；特性；特點Modesty is one of his good qualities.謙虛是他的美德之一。One quality of wood is that it can burn.木料的一個特點是能燃燒。常用結構：high quality 優質poor quality 劣質average quality 一般的品質Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor qua

2、lity. 優質的葡萄酒比劣質的葡萄酒價格要高。易混辨析quality/quantityquality 質，質量quantity 數量；大量For study, quality often matters more than quantity.就學習而言，質量往往比數量更重要。Quantities of food were on the table. 桌上擺了大量食物。There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.瓶子里還剩下少量的水。高手過招完成句子(原創)他仔細檢查家具的品質。He examined carefully. 他具備

3、了一個成功商人應具有的所有品質。He has of a successful businessman.the quality of the furniture all the qualities 2. devotevt.獻身；專心于常用結構：devote oneself/ones energy/ones time to (doing) sth.奉獻/精力/時間于某事sb. be devoted to (doing) sth. 某人獻身做某事He devoted all his life to Chinas aviation.他的一生都奉獻給了中國的航空事業。Hes devoted his wh

4、ole life to the protection of the rare animals. 他終生獻身于保護珍稀動物。He is devoted to helping the poor. 他致力于幫助窮困的 聯想拓展類似于devote . to . 的結構中to為介詞的詞組還有：object to 反對 attend to 辦理；照顧；注意聽look forward to 期待；盼望be opposed to 反對 devote . to 貢獻給stick to 堅持 lead to 導致pay attention to 注意到 be related to 與有關see to 務必做到；

5、負責refer to 提到；指的是turn to 翻到； 求助于高手過招單項填空The idea for the new machine came to Mr Baker to his invention. (2019陜西師大附中月考)A. while he was devoted B. while devotingC. while devoting himself D. while devoted解析：選A。考查be devoted to這一結構。注意不要誤選D項，因為主句的主語the idea與從句的主語Mr Baker/he不一致，因此從句中的主語和謂語動詞he was不能省略。 3.

6、equal adj.相同的；平等的vt.等于，比得上n.同等/相等的人或物He asked us to cut the apple into three equal pieces.他讓我們把蘋果切成三等份。None of us can equal her in intelligence.我們中沒人能在智力方面比得上她。常用結構：be equal to sth./doing sth.勝任某事/ 做某事A equals BA等于Bwithout equal/have no equal 無與倫比/無比Are you equal to (doing) the task?你能勝任這項工作嗎？Yao Mi

7、ng is a basketball player without equal in China.在中國，姚明是個無與倫比的籃球運動員。高手過招單項填空He doubted whether she would be to the task. （原創）（2） equal B. similar C. familiar D. content解析：選A。be equal to sth. 勝任，符合句意。content意為“滿意的，滿足的”不符句意，其他選項也均與句意不符。 4. rewardn.報答；酬金（為某些特殊服務提供或給予的金錢）vt.酬謝，獎賞；報應；懲罰（壞人或壞事）常用結構：as a r

8、eward (for) 作為（對某事的）報酬（或獎賞）give/ offer a reward to sb. for sth. 為某事而給某人報酬in reward for 為酬答；作為獎勵reward sb.(with .)for sth. 為某事（而以）報答易混辨析 reward/award/prizereward表示“獎賞，酬謝”，動詞只能以人或人的行為作賓語，名詞表示某人因做了某事而應得到某東西。award 作名詞指正式或官方 “給予，頒發，授予”（獎章，獎金等），也可以指法庭裁決；作動詞時可以跟兩個賓語，award sb. sth.把某物授予/判給某人。prize只能作名詞，表示“獎

9、賞、獎金、獎品”，尤指在比賽中獲得的榮譽。Its a reward for virtue.那是對美德的回報。It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work. 他工作很辛苦，報酬卻很少，這不公平。How can I reward your kindness?我如何酬謝你的好意呢？Jim rewarded the boy a pound for bringing back the lost dog.男孩把吉姆丟失的狗帶了回來，為此吉姆獎賞給他一英鎊。 高手過招單項填空Martin Luther King, a gr

10、eat Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination, was the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace. (201911河南洛陽月考)A. rewarded B. given C. awarded D. offeredThey the winners with gifts of fruit and flowers. （原創）A. rewarded B. awarded C. charged D. paidThe gi

11、rl got nothing in for her kindness, which made her very sad.A. prize B. award C. medals D. reward解析：選C。句意為：反對種族歧視運動的杰出黑人領袖馬丁路德金，因其對世界和平的突出貢獻而被授予諾貝爾和平獎。award指正式或官方的“授予，頒發”。解析：選A。考查固定搭配。句意為：他們送給獲勝者水果和鮮花作為獎賞。reward sb. with .用酬勞某人。解析：選D。由句意可知，應該是對做好事的報答。in reward for 為而報答。重點短語5. out of work 失業Jim has b

12、een out of work for several months.吉姆已經失業幾個月了。Marys cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience.瑪麗的手機壞了好幾天了，這給她帶來了很多不便。聯想拓展in work有工作out of breath上氣不接下氣out of patience 不耐煩out of use 沒用了out of date過時out of order次序顛倒；出故障out of control失控 out of danger脫離危險

13、out of shape變形Out of sight, out of mind.眼不見, 心不煩。 高手過招用適當的介詞（短語）填空 （原創）Although my computer is date now, its still use.After the fourth operation, the patient has been danger.out of; in out of6. as a matter of fact 事實上It was cold. As a matter of fact, it was freezing.天很冷。事實上，冷得要命。聯想拓展as a matter of

14、fact=in fact/in actual fact/actually/in reality/to tell the truth 實際上；事實to make matters worse 讓事情更糟糕的是it doesnt matter 沒有關系高手過招單項填空It rained that day. , our car broke down on the way. (2019江蘇泰州一輪檢測)A. In fact B. ActuallyC. To make matters worse D. To tell the truth解析：選C。to make matters worse讓事情更糟糕的是

15、。根據句意可知，C項符合。 7. blow up vi.爆炸；突然嚴峻；大發雷霆vt. 炸毀；給充氣；放大（照片）My father blew up when I didnt come home last night.我昨晚沒回家，父親大發雷霆。Stop at the gas station and well blow up the tyres.在加油站停一下，我們要給輪胎打氣。聯想拓展blow away刮走，吹走blow down(風) 刮倒 blow off 吹掉；將（熱水、蒸汽等）放出blow out 吹熄；（電線）燒斷blow over (暴風雨等)吹散，刮倒；（壞天氣）大風平息 高手

16、過招單項填空A short circuit will the fuse(保險絲). （原創）A. blow up B. blow offC. blow out D. blow over解析：選C。句意為：短路會燒斷保險絲。根據句意可知，答案選C。8. in trouble在危險、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中Please telephone us when you are in trouble.遇到困難時就給我們打電話。聯想拓展have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難。其中的介詞 in 在口語中通常可省略。take (the) trouble to do sth. 在

17、這一結構中，其中的冠詞用不用均可，但含義稍有不同：用冠詞，表示不怕費事或不怕麻煩而去做某事；不用冠詞，表示盡心盡力或費盡心血而去做某事。go to (the) trouble to do （of doing） sth.不辭辛勞做某事/費心做某事give sb. trouble/put sb. to trouble麻煩某人；打擾某人have trouble with . 有病痛；同鬧糾紛We had no trouble (in) finding his office.我們沒費吹灰之力就找到了他的辦公室。He took the trouble to show me the way to the

18、station.他不嫌麻煩地為我去火車站而指路。He went to the trouble of finding out when our train was leaving. 他費心為我們打聽到了我們乘坐的火車的開車時間。I dont like giving trouble to people I dont know.我不愿意給我不認識的人添麻煩。The man often has trouble with his wife.這個男人經常與他的妻子鬧矛盾。 高手過招單項填空Even an experienced climber can to reach the summit.(2019河南

19、鄭州一輪檢測)A. get into trouble B. make trouble C. ask for trouble D. take trouble over解析：選A。句意為：即使是一個很有經驗的登山者，想要到達頂峰也有可能遇到困難。句中的can表示“有可能”。get into trouble 陷入困境，因做某事而招致懲罰，危險等；ask for trouble 自找麻煩，自討苦吃；make trouble 引起麻煩；take trouble over sth. 在某事上費心思。根據句意選A。 9. turn to 求助于；依賴；翻到；詢問We have to turn to some

20、 bigger companies for technical help. 我們不得不向一些更大的公司尋求技術援助。聯想拓展turn against背叛turn down（音量）關小；拒絕turn in上交turn .into .(使)成為turn off關掉(水源、 煤氣、 電燈等)；避開(問題等)turn on打開(水、 煤氣、 電燈、無線電等)turn over(使)打翻/翻身/翻動/翻耕(土地)/轉危為安turn up開大；出現；找到by turns輪流；交替in turn依次；輪流turn out證明是；結果是Nobody will turn against his country.

21、沒有人會背叛自己的國家。Please turn down the television.請把電視機的音量調小點兒。He turned down my suggestion without hesitation.他毫不猶豫地拒絕了我的建議。The child picked up a purse and turned it in to the policeman. 那個孩子撿到了一個錢包，然后把它交給了警察。The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields.農民們正把荒地變成肥沃的田地。Dont forget to turn all the l

22、ights off before you go to bed. 在你上床之前，不要忘記把所有的燈都關上。The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang.當電話鈴響的時候，那個人翻了個身，又睡著了。高手過招(1)單項填空In the new city there wasnt a single person the poor boy could turn for help.(2019遼寧本溪月考)A. that B. whoC. from whom D. to whomWe had a good many an

23、xious moments, but everything all right in the end.(2019江蘇南京一輪)A. turned down B. turned onC. turned out D. turned to(1)解析：選D。turn to sb. for help為固定搭配，意思是“求助于”某人。解析：選C。turn out 在句中的意思是“變得；證明是；結果是”，為連系動詞；turn down調低；拒絕；turn on打開；turn to參考；轉向；求助于。(2)用與turn搭配的適當介詞填空 （原創）The key you lost has turned .Not

24、hing could make the brave man turn his motherland.Dont rush. Please wait in line and get on the bus turn.He asked his teacher to give him the chance one more time but his teacher turned him .Be sure to turn the lights when you leave the classroom.(2)up against in down off10. lose heart 喪失勇氣或信心He fai

25、led many times, but he didnt lose heart.他失敗了許多次，但他并沒有失去信心。No matter what you do, never lose heart.不管你做什么，千萬不要失去信心。lose ones job失業 lose ones balance失去平衡lose ones breath上氣不接下氣lose ones heart (to sb./sth.)愛上lose ones life喪生; 遇害lose face丟臉; 受屈辱lose hope失去希望高手過招翻譯句子不要失去信心，一切都會好起來的。她喜歡上了一位年輕士兵。Dont lose h

26、eart, all will turn out well. She lost her heart to a young soldier.重點句型11. .only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到這個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。only 修飾的時間、條件、方式狀語等放在句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。Only then did she realize she had made mistakes.直到那時她才意識到她所犯的錯誤。Only when he came back did I go to bed.當他回來的時候，

27、我才上床睡覺。溫馨提示only 放在句首修飾狀語時，主句部分要倒裝，修飾主語、賓語時，則不倒裝。Only you understand me.只有你了解我。 高手過招單項填空 I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies.(2019山東青島二中月考)A. I realized B. I had realizedC. had I realized D. did I realize解析：選D。only then位于句首時句子用倒裝結構，realize的動作在fail之后發生，故

28、選過去時。12. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.他在午餐后的休息時間以及晚上本來該睡覺的時間教我們學習。should have done 本應該做某事（但實際上并沒有做）/對過去已發生的事情的推測。ought to= should 但在語氣上比should要強。溫馨提示情態動詞+have done的用法小結：must+have done 表示對過去情況的推測，只用于肯定句中，意為“一定”，其否定的意義用cant+have done表示。can/could

29、 have done 對過去已發生的情況的推測，用于疑問句或否定句中。could+have done本來有能力做而實際上沒有做neednt+have done本來不必做的事，實際上卻做了might have done本來可以做而實際上未做。may (might)+have done表示對過去的推測，多用在陳述句，意為“也許；可能”。用might 比用 may 語氣更加委婉。 would+have done 用于虛擬條件句中，表示與過去事實相反。He ought not to have taken the old clothes away.他不該把舊衣服帶走。（事實上已帶走。）The stree

30、t is wet. It must have rained last night.路面是濕的，昨天晚上肯定下雨了。If I could have stopped, there wouldnt have been an accident.如果我能夠停下來，事故就不會發生了。I neednt have gone to the office yesterday.昨天我沒必要去辦公室。Please dont do that. You might both have been caught and killed!請不要那樣做。你們倆很有可能被抓住然后被殺掉！ 易混辨析 should/ought to兩者均有“應該”之意，should多表示說話人主觀建議，ought to多表示道義和責任。Doctors and nurses should take good care of patients.醫生和護士應該仔細照顧病人。You sho