1、閱讀理解閱讀技巧高考大綱中關于閱讀理解的要求要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文章。考生應能：、理解主旨要義；、理解文中具體信息；、根據上下文推斷生詞的詞義；、作出簡單判斷和理解；、理解文章的基本結構；、理解作者的意圖和態度。閱讀理解中常見的題型1. 詞義題2. 信息題3. 推理題4. 主旨題一、如何做主旨大意題l 要搞清的是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。l 如有標題，標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。l 任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特

2、點之一是有一個反復出現的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。1). 主題型主旨大意題的題干表現形式:l The main idea of the passage isl The passage is mainly aboutl Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?l What is the passage mainly about?2). 目的類主旨大意題l The passage is meant to .l The purpose of thi

3、s article is to 3). 標題類主旨大意題 The best title for the passage might be應試技巧 如何尋找主題句Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer

4、vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主題句在段首 一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。 Sample 2Some students prefer a stric

5、t teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2）主題句也會出現在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據, 層層推理論證, 最后自然得出結論, 即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結尾句得到體現,它是此段內

6、容的結論。 Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in han

7、d . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3）在短文中間當主題句被安排在段中間時, 通常前面只提出問題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出, 而后又作進一步的解釋, 支撐或發展.二、推斷題 1.解推斷題應注意：(1)不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；(2)推理的根據來自于上下文。 2.推斷題的常見形式：(1) It can be inferred from the text that _.(2) From the text we know that _.(3) The s

8、tory implies that _.(4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _.(5) The writers attitude towardis _.3.解推斷題的方法：解推斷題最主要的方法是根據詞義關系推斷具體細節。Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spi

9、ders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the hou

10、se, it was _.A. very cleanB. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortableD. dirty and full of insects解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進來時的原樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對房屋進行“恢復”，因此推出答案為D。 Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And

11、 even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems.

12、 He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”Q： Which of the following best describes the writers a

13、ttitude to Mr. Neff?A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand.B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful.C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff.D. He does not like Mr. Neff.解析：從作者的語氣中我們可以體會他的態度，特別是Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes. 誤了車或飛機本該是人的失誤怎能歸咎于車或飛機呢？明顯是譏諷，也是暗示他對Mr. Neff的

14、討厭之情。答案為D。 三、細節理解題：1.直接事實題A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road， which is

15、on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge d

16、am was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q： Hoover Dam lies _.A. between Arizona and NevadaB. in the Black

17、 Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B在解答這類問題時要求抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進行閱讀。 2. 間接事實題: Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shangha

18、i and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to lear

19、n the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I

20、 won the title. This time, in Shanghai, I'd love to make a deep impression on my TV audience, " said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q： Which of the following is NOT true?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 19

21、91.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 解析： A、C 和D都可在原文找到答案，而B項原文列的是： taken to Hong Kong可判斷不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此選B。 解此類題需要結合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷。 四、詞義理解題 做此類題時，應盡可能地利用生詞所在的上下文來猜測詞義，即利用我們所熟悉的詞或短語和上下文中的已知部分進行邏輯上的推理，有時還需依靠構詞法。Example Rainforests like the Amazon are

22、 important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.Q The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph mea

23、ns_.A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out 1. It will be very hard but also very brittle- that is, it will break easily.2. Tornadoes ( violent and destructive whirl wind ) normally occur on hot, humid ( a little wet ) day, but not necessarily in the summer.3. Modern medicine began with

24、the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a persons lungs and his heartbeats.4.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.5.A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and the

25、n drink blood.6. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.7. A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. The herdsman, w

26、ho looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. We are on the night shift - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week.8.Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.9. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.10.In the

27、past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stole

28、n the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.11.Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.12. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.13. Since I could not afford to purchase the origina

29、l painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.14.Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and

30、 good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.15.In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields. All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins be

31、long to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.16.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.17.When a doctor performs an operation on a patien

32、t, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. Metal expands when heated and contrac

33、ts when cooled.18. One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.練習1. Alberts success after much effort and practice pr

34、oves the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒勞的C.有效的D. 匆促的3. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecess

35、ors. A. 上級 B. 前任 C. 同事 D. 下級4. She didnt hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. A. 心不在焉的 B.緊張的 C. 全神貫注的 D.睡意濃的5. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate. A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic6. He is a resolute man. Once he ma

36、kes up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever7. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs whic

37、h was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. country D. house9. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers10. The flowers in the vase withered be

38、cause they had no water. A. became sweeter B. became red C. became dry11. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straight12. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.

39、 A. small B. large C. dull13. celebrity (A.名人B.作家C.主持人) Two years ago that singer had no money and no fame. Now she is a famous celebrity.14. enterprising (A.令人驚訝的 B.神秘的 C.有進取心的) Frank is a very enterprising person. He always thinks of new ideas to make his business run better. 15. in the public eye

40、That actress has been in the public eye almost all her life. She first appeared on a TV show when she was 8 years old. 16. promote ( A.提升 B.推銷 C.遙控) If you want the boss to choose you for the job, promote yourself as the best person.17. ultimately ( A.按時地 B.最終 C.幸福地) Bob just started dating Susan. H

41、e hopes this relationship will ultimately lead to marriage.主旨題EX 1 Please find out the key sentence of the following passages.I: English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radi

42、o programs are in English. II. Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what's wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is

43、no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep. Excise 2: If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your atten

44、tion: "Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry." However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is "just right for you." It cost

45、s $359. This sales tactic is called "bait and switch." Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale. 1. Which sentence best expresses the

46、main idea? A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale.B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly. C) Many stores use the "bait and switch" technique to attract customers.D) Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale.2. The p

47、aragraph could be entitled _.A) Buyer Be aware B) Closeout Sale C) Crime Pays D) Buying a TV Set Excise 3:You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature.But, rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation( 撤離 ) of an island nation

48、-the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.The text is mainly about A. rapid changes in earths temperature B. bad effects of global warmingC. moving of a country to a new place D. reasons for lowland flooding推理題 exercise 1 Daylight saving time (DST) has been introduced this summer Thi

49、s year DST began on May 4. But next year, “Summer Time” will begin on the first Sunday in April. Clocks and other timepieces were set ahead one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, May 4 so that 2:00 AM became 3:00 AM. They should turn back one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, September 14. The new time is expected

50、 to save one and a half billion kilowatt hours（千瓦小時 ）of electricity per year across the country. The new system could also help people form the good habit of getting up and going to bed early, thus raising their work and study efficiency (效率). During the DST period, the actual departure (發車) time of

51、 trains remains unchanged, but their schedules have been set one hour late.Q: According to the passage, we know that _ people should turn their clocks back one hour that year. A. in 132 days B. in 133 days C. in 134 days D. in 4 monthsExercise 2When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldnt und

52、erstand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying. So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health ad-vantages, scientists are discovering tha

53、t so, too, does crying.Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or suffering -can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problem and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem,

54、doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its natural- and healthy- emotional response. Q: It can be inferred from the text that_.A there are two ways to keep healthyB crying does more good to health than laughingC crying and laughing play the same role

55、sD emotional health has a close relationship to physical healthExercise 3Babbage continued his work in London for four years. Then his health broke down, and he had to take a long holiday abroad. When he returned to London in 1828, he was at the end of his resources. Many bills remained unpaid. His

56、chief assistant and co-workers quarreled with him and left with many expensive tools. For one year no work was done. During this period, Babbage, whose mind was always active, suddenly thought of a completely new idea for the machine. He rushed to meet the government officials to explain his new idea. But this time, they were unwilling to help him. For eight years, they refused to say whether they wanted the machine or not, and their fi