1、名詞要點精講名詞要點精講 名詞是高考的熱點和難點。從語法和詞匯兩個方面來考察名詞是高考的熱點和難點。從語法和詞匯兩個方面來考察其用法，在單項選擇、完形、改錯中都可感知高考中名詞其用法，在單項選擇、完形、改錯中都可感知高考中名詞的考查點。的考查點。名詞的分類（重點在于分清可數名詞和不可數名名詞的分類（重點在于分清可數名詞和不可數名 詞及詞類）詞及詞類） 名詞 普通名詞 專有名詞 可數名詞 個體名詞:teacher,book 集體名詞：family,team 不可數名詞 物質名詞：water,air 抽象名詞：happiness, success Tom, China The United Nat

2、ions 二二.名詞的數名詞的數：I.可數名詞的復數形式 1.規則變化規則變化說明說明詞尾的加法詞尾的加法例詞例詞一般情況一般情況加加-sboots ,houses以以s, x, ch結結尾尾加加-eswatches, brushes（N：stomachs）多數情況下加多數情況下加es(以輔音字母加以輔音字母加o結尾結尾)tomatoes, potatoes, heroes以以o結尾結尾外來詞或縮略詞或以外來詞或縮略詞或以oo結尾的結尾的詞，加詞，加sphotos, pianos, zoos以以y結尾結尾以輔音字母加結尾，變以輔音字母加結尾，變y為為i，加加esstories, factori

3、es元音字母加元音字母加y 結尾，直接加結尾，直接加stoys, boys變變f 或或fe 為為v,加加esknives, wives, leaves以以f或或fe結尾結尾 直接加直接加sroofs, beliefs, proofs兩種方法均可兩種方法均可handkerchiefs, handkerchieves2.不規則變化不規則變化A改變元音字母：改變元音字母：tooth-teeth, goose-geeseB變詞尾變詞尾:child-children, ox-oxenC單復數相同：單復數相同： sheep, deer ,fish ,Chinese D. 合成詞：合成詞： sister-i

4、n-law復數為復數為sister-in-laws man doctor復數為復數為men doctors passer-by 復數為復數為passers-by Englishman復數為復數為EnglishmenE. 只有復數形式的詞。只有復數形式的詞。clothes, trousers , shoes, shorts, goods ,glassesF. 形式上為復數，但意義卻是單數的詞：形式上為復數，但意義卻是單數的詞：news, politics, mathsG.形式上為單數，意義上卻是復數的詞：形式上為單數，意義上卻是復數的詞：people, cattle, policeII不可數名詞

5、：一般沒有單復數之分，包括抽象名詞，不可數名詞：一般沒有單復數之分，包括抽象名詞，物質名詞和專有名詞。一定要認清不可數名詞物質名詞和專有名詞。一定要認清不可數名詞,以免誤用。以免誤用。三三.名詞詞類的轉化。這是高考的命題熱點。名詞詞類的轉化。這是高考的命題熱點。1物質名詞轉化為可數名詞。物質名詞轉化為可數名詞。He prefers coffee to tea. (泛指的咖啡，不可數泛指的咖啡，不可數)-What would you like to drink?-A coffee, please. （一杯咖啡）（一杯咖啡）Longjing is a famous tea in China.(茶的

6、種類茶的種類, 可數可數)2.抽象名詞轉化為可數名詞。抽象名詞轉化為可數名詞。Failure is the mother of success. (失敗與成功在此為抽象概念）失敗與成功在此為抽象概念）As a teacher , she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child(成功者，失敗者，可數成功者，失敗者，可數)Many people agree that_ knowledge of English is a mus

7、t in_ international tradetoday. a; 不填 B. the; an A.C. the, the D. 不填; the (A)四四.名詞的名詞的格格屬格屬格形式形式應用場合應用場合舉例舉例用在表示有生命的名詞后用在表示有生命的名詞后Tom and Mikes room(兩人共有兩人共有)Toms and Mikes rooms(兩人分別兩人分別所有所有)用在時間名詞后用在時間名詞后three weeks leave, todays papers屬格屬格用在距離用在距離,長度名詞后長度名詞后twenty miles journey用在地點名詞后用在地點名詞后China

8、s industry用在天體名詞后用在天體名詞后the earths surface用在價格名詞后用在價格名詞后a dollars worthof屬格屬格用在表無生命事物名詞后用在表無生命事物名詞后the door of our classroom雙重雙重屬格屬格名詞前有名詞前有a, some, any, few, no, several等詞修飾時等詞修飾時a friend of my brothers several classmates of his五五.名詞功用中定語的用法。名詞功用中定語的用法。1有些名詞沒有相同意義的形容詞形式有些名詞沒有相同意義的形容詞形式,因此常因此常 直接以該名

9、詞作為定語，來修飾另一名詞。直接以該名詞作為定語，來修飾另一名詞。 letter box信箱信箱, mathematics students 數學專業的學生數學專業的學生2名詞修飾名詞用單數形式。名詞修飾名詞用單數形式。 street lights 街燈街燈 phone books 電話簿電話簿高考題選高考題選1.My parents always let me have my own _of living. (1999.上海上海25) A. way B. methodC. manner D. fashion2.The new law will come into _on the day it

10、 is passed. (1999上海上海) A. effectB. use C. service D. existence3.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.(NMET1997 38) A. factB. reality C. practice D. deed 4.Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _but to take a taxi. (MET1993,33) A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selectio

11、n5.He dropped the _and broke it . (Met 1993, 38) A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup6.Heres my card. Lets keep in _. (NMET1994 ,33)A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship7.He gained his _by printing _of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)A. wealth; work B. wealths ; work

12、s C. wealths; work D. wealth; works8.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little _.(MET 1996 ,10)A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest9.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _.(NMET1997,18)A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice10.These football players had no strict _until they joined our club. (1997.上海上海 20)A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training11.Many countries are increasing their