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1、精選文檔形容詞與副詞第一節 形容詞與副詞【No.1】功能形容詞常用于修飾名詞,說明該詞的性質、特征等。它在句中主要用作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語,如: The primitive language of signs is not always very clear.(定語)原始語言手勢的意思并非總是很清楚的。 Groups of new, modern buildings have sprung up along the river.(定語)一群群新的現代建筑沿江拔地而起。The football game was marvelous.(表語)足球賽精彩極了。 I'm sorry t
2、hat I'm late.(表語) 對不起,我遲到了。 Don't leave the door open, please.(賓補) 請不要將門敞著。 He spent three days in the snow, cold and hungry. (狀語) 他又冷又餓地在風雪中過了兩天。 【No.2】區分1. 有些形相像、義相別的詞 如:alone(獨自地) lonely(孤獨的)alive(活的) living(活生生的) lively(活躍的)blooming(花正開的) booming(富強的)credible(牢靠的) creditable(貴重的) conside
3、rable(應考慮的;相當多的) considerate(愛護人的)desirous(想望的) desirable(合意的) efficient(有效力的) sufficient(足夠的) exhaustive(徹底的) exhausting(使人筋疲力盡的) healthy(健壯的) healthful(有益健康的) healthily(旺盛地;相當大地) honorable(榮譽的) honorary(名譽的) historic(歷史性的) historical(歷史上的)imaginative(富于想象力的)imaginable可想象到的) imaginary(想象的) industri
4、al(工業的) industrious(勤勉的) legible(易讀的) eligible(合格的) later(較遲的) latter(后者的) likely(可能的) likable(可愛的) respectful(有禮貌的) respective(各自的) respectable(可敬重的)respecting(說到、關于)2. -ly 結尾的形容詞在英文里,有些形容詞是以-ly 結尾的,不要誤認為是副詞。這類詞常見的有:brotherly(友愛的) deadly(致命的) earthly(世俗的) friendly(友好的) likely(可能的) leisurely(空閑的) lo
5、vely(可愛的)manly(男子氣概的) weekly(每周一次的) yearly(每年一次的)3. 行為動詞作系動詞用時,后面要接行容詞作表語。在英語動詞中,有一部分行為動詞可用作連系動詞,后面應接形容詞作表語,不要誤用副詞。這類常用作系動詞的行為動詞有下面幾種狀況:A. 表示"變成某種狀態"的動詞:become , come , fall , get , grow , make , prove , run ,turn , turn out例如:Our country becomes stronger and stronger. 我們的國家越來越強大。Milk is l
6、iable to turn bad in summer .夏天,牛奶簡潔變質。 The child fell asleep . 孩子睡著了。 Our holidays come near . 我們的假期接近。 B. 表示"保持某種狀態"的動詞: continue , hold , keep , lie , remain , rest , sit , stand , stay 如:The weather continued cold .天氣持續寒冷。Hold still .不要動。 Keep still while I photograph you .我給你照相時,請不要亂動
7、。 They remained quiet when they listened to the story .他們聽故事時始終很安靜。 C. 表示"感覺"的動詞:appear , feel , look , seem , smell , sound , taste 例如: She appeared happy at the good news. 她聽到這好消息時顯得很興奮。 Silk feels soft. 綢子摸起來很軟。 He looks unwell today .他今日看上去相像身體不適。 I am sure that the soup tastes good.第2
8、節 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的變化方法(1) 符合規章的情 況加 法例 詞一 般 情 況直接加 -er ; -estall-taller-tallest以e結尾的詞加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“輔音+y”結尾的詞變y為i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一個輔音字母結尾的詞輔音字母雙寫,再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音節和部分雙音節單詞在詞前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious(2)幾個不規章的形容詞和副詞的比較級
9、和最高級如下表:原 級比較級最高級good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest第3節 形容詞與副詞的比較級英文中的形容詞和副詞一般都有三種級的形式即:原級,比較級和最高級。【No.1】概述1) 同級比較往往由"as + 形容詞/ 副詞的原形 + as"的句式表達;當然也要留意它的否定形式、以及在第一個as前加倍數或程度副詞的狀況。2)"比較級 + than"引導不同級的比較。
10、"比較級" 前同樣可以加倍數或程度副詞。另外"no more than"意思是"A和B一樣不" 。3) 要留意幾種比較級的特殊句型,如:"the + 比較級,the + 比較級",意思是"越越";以及"比較級 + and + 比較級"意思是"越來越",等。【No.2】1) 同級比較中有兩種狀況:# 表示雙方狀況"一模一樣",用as + 原級 + as的結構;# 表示雙方狀況"不(那么)一樣",用not so / as
11、 + 原級 + as的結構。在這兩種結構中,第一個as是副詞,而其次個as是連詞;在其次個as的后面接名詞、句子或代詞的主格(一般不要接代詞的賓格)。例如:My parcel is as heavy as yours . 我的包裹與他的一樣沉。 His bedroom is not as neat as his sister's. 他的寢室沒有他姐姐的潔凈。It is not so hot as yesterday. 今日不象昨天那么熱。I can't speak English as fast as a native speaker. 我說英文沒有以英語為母語的人說得快。 2
12、)另外,在as as 的結構中,第一個as的前面可以加上表示倍數的詞、或是某些副詞修飾語:twice , ( three ) times , nearly , almost , just , exactly , not nearly(根本不), by no means(絕不), quite 等等。例如:Asia is four tomes as large as Europe. 亞洲有歐洲的四倍大(亞洲比歐洲大三倍)。James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本沒有羅伯特高。Cast iron is almost as useful as steel
13、. 鑄鐵差不多與鋼一樣有作用。She hasn't been quite so unlucky as she pretends. 她還沒有象她常裝出的那樣不幸。3) 在as as 的結構中,我們還常見這樣兩種句型:as much + 不行數名詞 + as 和as many + 復數可數名詞 + as 。例如:She spread as much butter on her bread as Jane usually does. 她在面包上涂的黃油與瓊通常涂的一樣多。He has learned as many English words as his brother (has ) .
14、他已學了和他哥哥一樣多的英文單字。4)不同級的比較主要用表示于人與人、事物與事物之間不同之處的比較,其意義為"A比B更(怎么樣)一些"。常用的結構是比較級 + than 。例如:They worked even harder than they promised. 他們工作得比他們答應的還要賣力。This street is narrower than that one. 這條街比那條街窄一些。5) 在比較級 + than的結構前可以加上某些副詞類和表示倍數的詞,以對其進行修飾,如:far(遠),even(甚至),much(很多),still(更,還),a lot(很多),
15、a little / bit(一點),rather(相當地),slightly(略微),not any(不再),three times (三倍、),等等。例如:This book is far more interesting than that one. 這本書比那一本好玩多了。You've been working much harder than I have. 你始終比我工作得努力多了。 She came even earlier than I asked (him to). 她來得甚至比我叫她來的時間還要早。6) 比較級中的兩個特殊作用的結構是:The + 比較級 + 句子,
16、the + 比較級 + 句子。和 比較級+ and + 比較級 。前一個句型結構表示的意義是"越(怎么樣就)越(怎么樣)",在這個結構中的兩個"比較級"不要求肯定詞性相同,它們各自的詞性要依句子的需要而定;后一個句型結構表示的意義是"越來越(怎么樣)",在這個結構中的兩個 "比較級"則要求詞性相同。例如:The harder you work at your study, the better academic records you will have. 你學習越努力,你的成果就越好。The more we ha
17、ve, the more we want. 人欲無窮。When winter is coming , it gets colder and colder .冬天來臨之際,天越來越冷了。He became less and less satisfied with the football team's performance. 他對足球隊的表現越來越不滿足了。7) 沒有比較對象的比較結構。所謂沒有比較對象的比較結構不是指省略而言,而是指并非真正的比較。例如: The car runs faster than 110 miles. 那輛車時速為110多英里。There is more th
18、an one solution to the problem. 這個問題的解決方法不止一個。The daily cost in an average hospital in the United States can run as high as $250 . 在美國一般醫院的每天的費用可高達250美元。8) 用比較級的形式表達最高級的意思。在這種狀況下,往往是將一個人或是一件事與其他全部的人或事相比較。做這種句子時有一點要特殊留意-別忘了常在比較狀語中用any ,other , else類的字眼,以將比較主體排解在比較對象以外,由于自己不行以與自己相比較。例如: He is taller t
19、han anyone else in our class. 他在我們班比其他任何都高。Iron is more useful than any other metals. 鐵比其他任何金屬更有作用。9) no + 比較級 + than的結構表示"A和B一樣不"。例如:She runs no faster than her sister. 她與她妹妹一樣跑不快。Tom is no wiser than John. 湯姆和約翰一樣沒有聰慧才智。He is no richer than his brother. 他與他弟弟一樣不富有。10)比較和倍數的表達方法:在表達一方是另一方
20、的若干倍時,常用如下表達方式:(1)“倍數asadjadv(原級) as”,在兩個as之間可用many(修飾可數名詞),much(修飾不行數名詞)和其它相應的詞。(2)“倍數adjadv(比較級)than”(3)“倍數the size heightlength weight width /depthofthe名詞”。如“你們的操場比我們的操場大四倍(是我們操場的五倍大)”可分別譯作:(1)Your playground is five times as large as ours(2)Your playground is four times larger than ours(3)Your p
21、layground is five times the size of ours第四節 形容詞與副詞的最高級【No.1】概述最高級的一般表達方式是“最高級 + 表示范圍的狀語”,其意義是"某人、某事在某個范圍內最 "。使用這種結構時我們應當留意,形容詞的最高級前面一般說來要加用定冠詞the ,而副詞的最高級前面的定冠詞往往可以省略。例如:He is the tallest of the three boys. 那三個男孩中他最高。That is the biggest lake in our province. 那是我省最大的一條湖。Joe runs fastest in
22、our school .橋在我們學校跑得最快?!綨o.2】盡管這種結構比較單一、簡潔,但我們也要留意下面的狀況 1)of后接名詞,用來說明"最高級的范圍",其實也是"比較對象";而among 的后面往往是接帶有最高級的名詞詞組,說明"主體是最之一"。例如:This novel is the most interesting of the three. 在這三部小說中,這一部最好玩。She is the tallest of the girls in our class. 她是我們班女孩中的最高個兒。I believe Einstein
23、 is among the greatest scientists. 我信任愛因斯坦是最宏大的科學家之一。Yellow River is among the longest rivers in China. 黃河是中國最長的河流之一。2)形容詞的最高級前面不用定冠詞the的幾種狀況A.形容詞的最高級作表語(或者說,作主語補足語),并且又不與其他人或事相比較,通常在其前不用定冠詞the 。例如:The market in the country is busiest in winter. 鄉下集市冬季里最繁忙。It is best to go and ask the teacher .最好去問老
24、師。The well is deepest at this point .這口井在此處最深。B.形容詞的最高級作"格外、極其"解時,通常在其前也不用定冠詞the,但是可以用不定冠詞a 。例如:His father is a most leaned man. 他爸爸是一位極有學問的人。She is most beautiful.她格外秀麗。When studying at college , I was in closest touch with Leon . 讀高校時,我與里昂關系格外親密。C.假如形容詞的最高級前已有人稱代詞的全部格、或是名詞的全部格形式、指示代詞等修飾語
25、時,其前也不再用定冠詞the了。例如:Her greatest wish is to be an air hostess after her graduation. 她最大的愿望是畢業后當一名空姐。His most educational hobby is stamp-collecting.他最具教育意義的嗜好是集郵。D. 當兩個形容詞的最高級同時修飾一個名詞時,后面一個形容詞的最高級前的定冠詞the通常被省略了。例如:He is the oldest ,but most energetic of my colleagues . 在我的同事中,他是最年長的,卻是最有活力的。This is th
26、e most effective and most economic solution to the problem .這是最有效且最經濟的解決問題的方法。He is the youngest and most famous athlete in the world. 他是世界上最年青、最有名的運動員。專項練習一、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級old_ _ young_ _long_ _ short_ _ strong_ _ big_ _ small_ _fat_ _ thin_ _ heavy_ _ nice_ _ good_ _ beautiful_ _ low_ _ high_ _
27、 slow_ _ fast_ _litte_ _ early_ _ far_ _ well_ _二、依據句意填入單詞的正確形式:1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Tom is _(fat) than Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes, she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is _(long)
28、than Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8._ Nncy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not _ (tall)than the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls ge
29、t up_(early) than the boys? No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow). 德語學習 15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.三、翻譯句子:1、誰比Jim年紀大?是你。_ is _than Jim? _ are2、誰比Dvid更強壯?_ _ than Dvid? 3、誰的鉛筆更長,他的還是她的?我想是她的。_pencil is _,_or_?_is,I think.4、你和你的叔叔一樣高嗎?是的。_ _as _as your uncle?Y
30、es,I m.5、他和他的伴侶Jim一樣年輕。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.6、Yng ng每天睡得比SuYng晚。 Yang ang goes to bed _ than Su Ying every dy. 7、我跳得和Mike一樣遠。 I jump as _ as Mike. 8、Tom比你跑得快嗎?不是的,他和我跑得一樣快。 公務員考試教材 _ Tom _ _ thn you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_.9、多做運動,你會更強壯。 Do more exercise, youll _ _ soon. 10、我的科學很好,但是語文不好。 I _ _ at Scien
31、ce.But I dont _ well in Chinese. 11、我寵愛游泳。我全部的伴侶都游得比我慢。I like_.all my_ _ _than me.12、你足球踢得比你的同班同學好嗎?不,他們踢得和我一樣好。_ you _football _than your classmates? No,they_as_as me.13、我母親比我父親年紀小。My_ _ _than my _.14、她的毛衣和我的一樣重。_sweater_ as_as_.15、I'm taller than Mike .(該成用原級的比較)I'm _ as _ as Mike .四、選擇最佳答
32、案填空:1 Don't worry, sir. I'm sure I can run _ to catch up with them. A. slowly enough B. enough slowly C. fast enough D. enough fast2. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little3. It's s
33、uch an _ film that all the students are _ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested; interested4. Mingming got up very _,so he came to school half an hour _. A. late; lately B. la
34、tely; late C. lately; lately D. late; late5. I am _ worried about y parents' healthy conditions. A. some times B. sometime C. sometimes D. some times6. We don't have _ every day. A. a lot of school works B. many school work C.
35、 any school works D. much school work7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running! -Oh, yes! They are nearly _. A. up and down B. slower and slower C. more or less D. neck and neck8. _ children there are in family,_ their life will be. A. The le
36、ss; the better B. The fewer; the better C. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _. A. more and more rich B. more rich and more rich C. richer and richer D. richer and richest10. Which lesson is _, this one or that
37、 one? A. difficult B. much difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult11. "A _ accident happened at 7:30 a.m." said the policeman _. A. serious, serious B. seriously, seriously C. seriously, serious D. serious, seriously12.
38、_ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge? A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much13. In our city, it is _ in July, but it is even _ in August. A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter14. This pencil is _ that one.&
39、#160; A. so long as B. as longer as C. longer than D. not as longest as15. The station is two kilometers _ the hospital. A. away to B. far away C. far from D. away from16. Beijing has _ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.&
40、#160; A. so B. very C. too D. much17. This box is _ heavy _ I can't carry it. A. too, to B. so, that C. very, that D. too, that18. India has the second _ population in the world. A. larger B. most C. smallest D.
41、largest19. Mary received _ many postcards at Christmas. A. so B. such C. too D. even20. The cake smells _. Please throw it away. A. good B. badly C. bad D. well21. - What was the weather like yesterday? - It was terrible. It rai
42、ned so _ that people could _ go out. A. hardlyhard B. hardly hardly C. hard hardly D. hard hard22. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they haven't got everything ready_. A. ever
43、 B. already C. yet D. still23. - What about the English novel? - It's not very difficult. There are only _ new words in it. A. few B. a few C. many D. a little24. How beautiful she sings! I've never heard _. A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice25. Mr Smith always has _ to tell us. A
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