1、汕頭市 2013 年普通高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量測(cè)評(píng)試題(二)英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解原文4 篇及中文譯文AGreen invaders are taking over America. Nope, not invaders from space. Plants. You might not think of plants as dangerous, but in this case they are threatening nature's delicate food web.The invaders are plants from other countries brought here to ma

2、ke gardens and yards look pretty. Ever since people started to arrive on America's shores, they've carried along trees, flowers, and vegetables from other places.Now there are so many of those plants, they are crowding out the native plants that have lived here since before human settlers ar

3、rived.And that's a problem, says Dr. Doug Tallamy. He's an entomologist (an insect expert) at the University of Delaware. He explains that almost all the plant-eating insects in the United States 90% of them are specialized. That means they eat only certain plants.Pretty orange and black mon

4、arch butterflies, for example, can only dine on one plant: milkweed. If people cut down milkweed and replace it with something else, the butterflies starve, because their bodies cannot accept any other food.But the trouble doesn't stop there, it goes right across the food web.When insects can

5、9;t get the right plants to eat and they die off, then the birds don't have enough bugs for their meals. Tallamy points out that almost all migrating birds depend on insects to feed their young."We cannot let the plants and animals around us disappear, " says Tallamy. "The way to

6、preserve them is to give them food to eat. But when we plant non-native plants, we are clobbering the food web, because then we don't have the insects the birds need to live."Fewer of the right plants mean fewer bugs, and fewer bugs mean fewer birds.And that's bad for the Earth, because

7、 we need a variety of living things to keep the planet healthy and beautiful.The good news is, gardeners everywhere are working hard to protect native plants and get rid of the invaders. Many local garden centers sell native plants."Just Google 'native plants' and your location, and you

8、 can find out which plants really belong where you live, " says Tallamy.Planting the right things makes a real difference, and fast. He describes planting milkweed in a tiny city courtyard about the size of a living room one spring. By summertime, that milkweed patch had produced 50 new monarch

9、 butterflies!Tallamy encourages kids to go out and plant native plants. "Adopt a bird species in trouble and see if you can plant some things that willattract the insects they need, " he suggests. "It will happen insects move around a lot, and they will find the plants you put out the

10、re for them!"外來綠色植物的入侵者正在超過美國(guó)的人口數(shù)量。不是空間中的侵略者， 而是植物。你可能不認(rèn)為植物是有危險(xiǎn)的，但在這種情況下，他們正在微妙的威脅著大自然的食物網(wǎng)。這些從其他國(guó)家引進(jìn)的植物侵入者，將花園和庭院裝飾的非常漂亮。自從人們抵達(dá)美國(guó)海岸時(shí)，這些來自其他地方的物種便與樹木、花卉和蔬菜一同也進(jìn)入了美國(guó)。現(xiàn)在有太多這樣的植物，它們甚至開始排擠早在人類出現(xiàn)時(shí)便已存在的植物。這是一個(gè)問題，特拉華大學(xué)昆蟲學(xué)家（昆蟲專家）Tallamy 博士說，在美國(guó)，幾乎90 吃植物的昆蟲都是職業(yè)的。也就是說，他們只吃特定的植物。例如漂亮的橙色和黑色君主蝴蝶，它們只會(huì)吃一種植物：mil

11、kweed 。如果人們將milkweed 砍鋤或同其它植物一起移植的話，這些蝴蝶便會(huì)餓死，因?yàn)樗鼈兊纳眢w接受不了任何其它食物。對(duì)于整個(gè)食物網(wǎng)而言，麻煩并不止如此。當(dāng)昆蟲無法得到適合的可食植物時(shí)便會(huì)死去，這樣一來鳥類便沒有足夠的食物。Tallamy 指出，幾乎所有的候鳥都要依靠昆蟲來喂養(yǎng)自己的幼鳥。“我們不能讓身邊的植物和動(dòng)物消失了, ” Tallamy 說 “能夠保護(hù) 它們的方法就是給它們提供食物。但是，當(dāng)我們種植非本地植物時(shí),我們也是在破壞自然界的食物網(wǎng)，因?yàn)槲覀儾]有得到鳥類賴以生存的昆蟲。”越來越少的植物就意味著越來越少的昆蟲，相應(yīng)地， 也就意味著鳥類的漸少。這對(duì)地球而言是可怕的，因?yàn)槲?/p>

12、們需要各種各樣的生物體來維持健康美麗的地球。令人欣慰的是，各地的園林者們正在努力的保護(hù)本土植物來擺脫侵入種的破壞。許多當(dāng)?shù)氐幕▓@中心都在出售原生植物。“在谷歌網(wǎng)上收索 本土植物和所屬地域，你就可以找出真正屬于你居住地的植物了。"Tallamy 說道。種植正確植物會(huì)產(chǎn)生明顯的效果，Tallamy 介紹說，他在一個(gè)起居室大小的庭院里種植milkweed,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)這一植物的碎片竟然產(chǎn)生出了 50 個(gè)新生君主蝴蝶！Tallamy 鼓勵(lì)孩子們走出去，種植本土植物。“收養(yǎng)一只陷入困境的鳥類，并且觀察一下，如果你能種植吸引鳥類所需昆蟲的植物時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)生什么。”他建議說道。“這一定會(huì)發(fā)生，因?yàn)槔ハx在不

13、停的移動(dòng)，他們一定會(huì)找到你為他們種植的植物！”BIn Western countries people have been using the installment plan since the first half of the twentieth century. Today, a large proportion of all the families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by installment. In the U.S.A., the proportion is much higher

14、than in GreatBritain, and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan.The goods bought on the installment plan are, in almost every case, goods that will last radios, television sets, washing machines, refrigerators, motorcars, motorcycles, and furniture.The price of a

15、n article bought in this way is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash. There is a charge for interest. The buyer pays a proportion, perhaps one quarter or one third, of the price as a down payment when the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthl

16、y, until the full price is paid up. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made.Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages. In the past, it was easy to find couples who had been saving for years in order to furnish their homes. Now, they do

17、nt have to do that. Installment buying can help couples with small incomes to furnish their homes and start housekeeping. It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps business and employment.There is, however, the danger that when business is bad, installment buying may end suddenly, mak

18、ing business much worse. This may result in a great increase in unemployment. If the people on the installment plan lost their jobs, they would probably not be able to make their payments. If great numbers of people are not able to pay their installment debts, there is a possibility that businessmen

19、 cannot collect their debts and will therefore lose money. If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit, the possibilities of having a depression are increased. This is why, in some countries, the government controls the installment plan by fixing the proportion of the down paymen

20、t and the succeeding installments to discourage people from buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan.在西方國(guó)家，人們從二十世紀(jì)上半葉以來一直用分期付款的方式購(gòu)物。今天，很大部分的英國(guó)家庭用分期付款的方式購(gòu)買家具、家用電品和氣車。在美國(guó)，用分期付款購(gòu)物的比例高于英國(guó)。美國(guó)人將其百分之十以上的收入用于分期付款購(gòu)物。用分期付款方式購(gòu)買的商品，幾乎都是耐用品，收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)、洗衣機(jī)、冰箱、汽車、摩托車和家具。用這種辦法購(gòu)買的物品，其價(jià)格要比用現(xiàn)金購(gòu)買的價(jià)格要高，因?yàn)橐?/p>

21、加收利息費(fèi)用。購(gòu)買者在拿到貨物之前須支付一定比例的價(jià)款，也許是四分之一或者三分之作為定金，以后按期付款，如按周或按月付款，直到付清全部貨款。貨物的所有權(quán)歸售貨商所有，直到付完全部貨款為止。分期付款購(gòu)物有利有弊。過去， 人們經(jīng)常看到一對(duì)夫婦為了購(gòu)買 家具布置房間，需要儲(chǔ)蓄好多年。現(xiàn)在，他們不用這樣做了。分期付款購(gòu)物可以幫助收入較低的夫婦購(gòu)買家具布置房間，維持家計(jì)。其結(jié)果增加了商品需求，這樣做有助于企業(yè)發(fā)展，有助于提高就業(yè)水平。然而，也伴隨一種危險(xiǎn)，即當(dāng)企業(yè)不景氣時(shí)，分期付款購(gòu)物會(huì)突然中斷，使企業(yè)更難以為繼。這可能導(dǎo)致失業(yè)者大量增加。如果購(gòu)物者失業(yè)，也就失去了支付貨款的能力。如果有許多購(gòu)物者無力償

22、付貨款，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種可能性，即商家收不回債務(wù)，就會(huì)虧損。如果商家虧損 或賺不到一定的利潤(rùn)，市面就可能更加蕭條。這就是在有些國(guó)家，政 府要控制分期付款購(gòu)物的原因，即規(guī)定首付款與其后各期付款的比 例，勸導(dǎo)人們?cè)诜制诟犊钯?gòu)物時(shí)不要超出自己的支付能力。CThe first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't already know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touche

23、d my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled ， little old lady beaming up at me with a smile that lit up her entire being. She said， “Hi handsome. My name is Rose. I' m eighty seven years old. Can I give you a hug？ ”I laughed and enthusiastically responded， “Of course you may.” and she gave

24、 me a giant squeeze.“Why are you in college at such a young， innocent age？ ” I asked. She jokingly replied， “I'm here to meet a rich husband， get married， have a couple of children， and then retire and travel.” “No， seriously？ ” I asked. I was curious what may have motivated her to be taking on

25、this challenge at her age.“I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one.” she told me. After class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milk shake We becameinstant friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and t

26、alk nonstop. I was always mesmerized listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.Over the course of the year， Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she reveled in the attention bestowed up her from the

27、other students. She was living it up. At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet. I'll never forget what she taught us. She was introduced and stepped up to the podium. As she began to deliver her prepared speech， she dropped her three by five cards on the floor.

28、 Frustrated and a little embarrassed she leaned into the microphone and simply said， “I'm sorry I'm so jittery. I gave up beer for Lent（ 一種威士忌的牌子） and thiswhisky is killing me. I'll never get my speech back in order so let me just t ell you what I know. ” As we laughed she cleared her th

29、roat and bega： n “We do not stop playing because we are old； we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying youn，g being happy， and achieving success”.“You have to laugh and find humor every day”.“You've got to have a dream. When you lose your dream， syou die. We hav

30、e so many people walking around who are dead an d don't even know it. ”“There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don't do one productive thing， you will turn twenty years old. If I am eighty seven year

31、s old and stay in bed for a year and never do anything I will turn eighty eight. Anybody can grow older. That doesn't take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change”.“Have no regrets. The elderly usually don't have regrets for what we did ， but

32、 rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets”.She concluded her speech by courageously singing“ The Rose.” She challenged each of us to study the lyrics and live them out in our daily lives.At the year's end Rose finished the college degree she had begu

33、n all those years a go. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in tribute to the wonderful woman who taught by example that it's never too late to be all you can possibly be.Remember， growing older is mandatory， growing

34、 up is optional.開學(xué)的第一天教授做了自我介紹，他還要求我們?nèi)ソY(jié)識(shí)某位我們還不認(rèn)識(shí)的人。就在我站起來四處張望時(shí)，一只手輕輕地搭在了我的肩上。 我轉(zhuǎn)過身一看，一位滿臉皺紋個(gè)子矮小的老太太正沖著我微笑。這微笑使她渾身光彩照人。她說：“嘿，帥小伙兒，我叫羅斯，今年8 7歲。我可以擁抱你嗎？ ”我笑了起來，熱情地答道：當(dāng)然可以啦。力 她緊緊地?fù)肀Я宋摇！澳銥槭裁丛谶@么年輕而天真的年齡上大學(xué)？”我問。她開玩笑地回答說：“我要在此遇到一個(gè)有錢的丈夫，結(jié)婚，生幾個(gè)孩子，然后退休，去旅游。”“ 真的嗎？不對(duì)吧？”我問她。我很想知道，她這么大年紀(jì)，是什么促使她接受這樣的挑戰(zhàn)呢。“我一直夢(mèng)想接受大學(xué)

35、教育。而現(xiàn)在我如愿以償了。”她告訴我說。課后我們一同到學(xué)生活動(dòng)樓，共飲了一杯巧克力泡沫牛奶。我們一下子就成了朋友。在此后的三個(gè)月中，我們每天都一起離開課堂，聊起來沒完沒了。在她向我傳授她的智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)，我總是著了迷似地傾聽這個(gè)“時(shí)間機(jī)器 ”。在這一年里，羅斯成了校園里的偶像。不管到哪里，她很容易地就交上了朋友。她喜歡精心打扮，陶醉于其他學(xué)生對(duì)她的注意。她盡情地享受這一切。到學(xué)期末，我們請(qǐng)羅斯在我們的足球宴會(huì)上講話。我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記她給我們的教誨。介紹完畢后她就登上講臺(tái)。正當(dāng)她要開始已準(zhǔn)備好的演講時(shí)，她的5寸長(zhǎng)3寸寬的卡片掉在了地上。她有些不知所措，還有點(diǎn)尷尬，于是就靠近話筒干脆說了起來：很抱歉

36、我這么緊張。我為大齋節(jié)戒了啤酒，而這威士忌可是毀了我。按 原先準(zhǔn)備好了的講是不可能了，還是把我所知道的說給你們聽吧。”我們都笑了，她則清了清嗓子開始說：我們并不因?yàn)樽约豪狭硕粖蕵罚晃覀円驗(yàn)橥Ｖ沽藠蕵范兝稀Ｒ氡３帜贻p，過得幸福并取得 成功只有4條秘訣。”每天都要笑，每天都要找到幽默。”定要有夢(mèng)想。失去了夢(mèng)想，人就死了。在我們周圍有那么多 行尸走肉般的人，他們卻不自知。”變老和成熟是有巨大區(qū)別的。如果你1 9歲，在床上躺一整年， 而不做一件有成效的事情，你會(huì)到2 0歲。如果我8 7歲，在床上待 一年什么也不做，我也會(huì)到8 8歲。誰(shuí)都會(huì)老，那不需要天才或能力。 我的意思是要通過在變化中不斷地尋

37、找機(jī)會(huì)而達(dá)到成熟。”不要后悔。年長(zhǎng)的人一般不會(huì)為我們所做的事而后悔，而會(huì)為我們所沒有做的事后悔。只有充滿遺憾的人才懼怕死亡。”她勇敢地唱了一首玫瑰之歌作為結(jié)束，還要求我們每個(gè)人學(xué) 習(xí)歌詞并在日常生活中將詞意付諸行動(dòng)。年末，羅斯結(jié)束了她多年前就開始的大學(xué)生涯，取得了學(xué)位。畢 業(yè)一周之后，羅斯在睡夢(mèng)中平靜地去世。兩千多名大學(xué)生出席了她的葬禮，對(duì)這位了不起的女士表示敬 意。她以自身范例教育我們：發(fā)揮自己的潛能永不為晚。記住，衰老是無法抗拒的，而成熟卻是可以選擇的。Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relat

38、ionships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity （長(zhǎng)壽 ） boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers （鰥夫 ） were at a much higher risk of dyi

39、ng than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man s life and two to a woman s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. L

40、inda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn t smok

41、e. There s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more tha

42、n 10, 000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kindsof social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological （生理的） mechanisms.

43、For example, socialcontact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, childr

44、en and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”41. William Farr s study and other studies show that .A social life provides an effective cure

45、 for illnessB being sociable helps improve one s quality of lifeC women benefit more than men from marriageD marriage contributes a great deal to longevity42. Linda Waite s studies support the idea that .A older men should quit smoking to stay healthyB marriage can help make up for ill healthC the m

46、arried are happier than the unmarriedD unmarried people are likely to suffer in later lifePara.43. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4,2) refers to .A the disadvantages of being marriedB the emotional problems arising from marriageC the responsibility of taking care of o

47、ne s familyD the consequence of a broken marriage44. What does the author say about social networks?A They have effects similar to those of a marriage.B They help develop people s community spirit.C They provide timely support for those in need.D They help relieve people of their life s burdens.45. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A It s important that we develop a social network when young.B To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.C Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.D We should share our social networks with each other.