1、直接引語和間接引語相關表格、直接引語和間接引語的概念“7比較直接引語間接引語定義直接引用別人的原話用自己的話轉述別人的話小同點直接引語前后要加引號間接引語不用引號相同點直接引語和間接引語都是賓語從句（由祈使句轉化而來的間接引語除外）例句Tomsaid,ImafraidthatIcantfinishthework.”MarytoldmethatshewouldleaveforLondonthenextmorning.二、直接引語變間接引語的時態規律1.直接引語變間接引語的時態變化類條件直接引語一間接引語例句間接引語謂語變化（主句中謂語動詞的時態是過去時）一般現在時一一般過去時Heinsisted

2、,Imthehappiestfatherallovertheworld.”Heinsistedthathewasthehappiestfatherallovertheworld.現在進行時一過去進行時Johnexplained,Tmoperatingthewashingmachinenow.Johnexplainedthathewasoperatingthewashingmachinethen.現在完成時一過去完成時Thewomanexclaimed,“Ihaslostcontrolofmyson.Thewomanexclaimedthatshehadlostcontrolofherson.一

3、般過去時一過去完成時OldBensaid,“Iexperiencedthewell-knowncivilwar.”一OldBensaidthathehadexperiencedthewell-knowncivilwar.過去完成時一過去完成時Carlaanswered,“Ihadpassedthedrivingtestlastyear.Carlaansweredthatshehadpassedthedrivingtesttheyearbefore.一般將來時一過去將來時LittleTonypromised,Tllfinishmyhomeworkontime.LittleTonypromised

4、thathewouldfinishhishomeworkontime.must-hadto/mustThebossshouted,“Allofyoumustleavehereatonce.Thebossshoutedthatallofthemhadto/mustleavehereatonce.can/maycould/mightJoywhispered,“Imaynotobeyyourdirectionatthistime.”Joywhisperedthatshemightnotobeymydirectionatthattime.shall/will一Theteacherrequired,“Y

5、oushalldependonyourselfonthewayshould/wouldtosuccess.Theteacherrequiredthatweshoulddependonmyselfonthewaytosuccess.2.直接引語變間接引語的時態不變、養件種類a.直接引語的性質例句間接引語謂語/、變表示客觀、永恒的真理、規律或格言時Theteachersaid,“Everythinghastwosidesjustlikeacoin.fTheteachersaidthateverythinghastwosidesjustlikeacoin.表示習慣性、反復性的動作或狀態時“Myfat

6、heralwayshasacupofmilkaftersupper,“saidAnn.fAnnsaidthatherfatherhasacupofmilkaftersupper.表示談話時動作仍然在繼續時Tonyintroduced,“BothofmysistersareEnglishteachers.fTonyintroducedthatbothofhissistersareEnglishteachers.表示過去完成時態的概念時Theministerrecognized,“Ihadntrealizedtheseriousnessbeforetheeruptionofviolence.fTh

7、eministerrecognizedthathehadntrealizedtheseriousnessbeforetheeruptionofviolence.”表示明確的過去時間概念時Theengineersaid,“Istartedtoworkherein1980.”fTheengineersaidthathestartedtoworktherein1980.Wtk含有when,while,since等從句時“WhenIwasabay,Ioftenwentfishinginthisriver,”saidDad.fDadsaidthatwhenhewasaboy,heoftenwentfis

8、hinginthisriver.表示含有wish,wouldrather,itstime等虛擬概念時LittleMikesaid,“IwishIknewthekeysbeforeexamination.fLittleMikesaidthathewishheknewthekeysbeforeexamination.”表力、含有must,hadbetter,need,should,would等情態動詞（組）時Mymotherpersuaded,“Youhadbetteraskyourfatherforhelp.fMymotherpersuadedthatIhadbetteraskmyfatherf

9、orhelp.”b.主句的性質例句主句中謂語動詞的時態是現Thepitifulgirlsays,“Iwillneverforgetthose在時或將來時warm-heartedpeople.fThepitifulgirlsaysthatshewillneverforgetthosewarm-heartedpeople.”三、直接引語變間接引語的代詞、狀語、動詞的變化規律條件詞類直接引語間接引語直接引語是特殊疑問句、一般疑問句時或陳述句指示代詞thisthatthesethose時間狀語nowthentodaythatdaythismorningthatmorningtonightthatnig

10、httomorrowthenext/followingdayyesterdaythedaybeforelastnightthenightbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforeagobeforenextthenext/following地點狀語herethere方向性動詞comegobringtake直接引語是特殊疑問句實義動詞sayask四、直接引語與間接引語的人稱的變化規律直接引語變間接引語間接引語變直接引語規律一變主、二變賓、二不變同主變一、同賓變二、小同小及7E義a）直接引語的引號內的人稱改為引號外主句的主語b）直接引語的引號內的第二人稱改為引號

11、外主句的賓語c）直接引語的引號內的第三人稱不變a）間接引語的賓語從句中的人稱代詞和主句的主語一致，則直接引語的人稱代詞改為第一人稱b）間接引語的賓語從句的人稱代詞和主句的賓語一致，則直接引語的的人稱代詞改為第二人稱c）間接引語的賓語從句的人稱代詞和主句的主語、賓語都不一致，則直接引語的的人稱/、變例句TomsaidtoJenny,“IandyourbrotherwillgotoParisforthesummervocationwithhisprivateplane.fTomtoldJennythatheandherbrotherwouldgotoParisforthesummervocatio

12、nwithhisprivateplane.UncleAlfredaskedmeifIhadenteredtheofficewithhissonthedaybefore.fUncleAlfredaskedme,“Hadyouenteredtheofficewithmysonthedaybefore?釋例a）引號內的第一人稱I改為引號外主句的主語Tom（he）b）引號內的第二人稱your改為引號外主句的賓語Jennys（her）c）引號內的第二人稱his/、變a）間接引語的賓語從句中的人稱代詞his和主句的主語UncleAlfred致，則直接引語的人稱代詞改為第一人稱myb）間接引語的賓語從句中的

13、人稱代詞I和主句的賓語一致，則直接引語的人稱代詞改為第二人稱you注思單、復數和主、賓、所有格仍然保留與原人稱一致。五、不同類型的直接引語變為間接引語的規律直接引語的類型間接引語的變化例句陳述句間接引語的引導詞that可以省略；主句的弓1述詞有say,tell,report,answer,reply,explain,announce,think等；主句一般位于句首；間接引語用陳述句語序。ImleavingforTokyoonbusinesstomorrow”,Mr.Smithsaidme.一Mr.SmithtoldmethathewasleavingforTokyoonbusinessthen

14、extday.疑問句間接引語必須將疑問一般疑問句由if/whether引導從句Hesaidtome,“Doyouoftengotothecinema?”fHeaskedmewhetherIoftenwenttothecinema.句語序變為陳述句語序，句末用句號；主句的引述詞由say改為ask反意疑問句由if/whether引導從句Jakesaid,“Youhaveseensuchalovelysight,haventyou?.”-JakeaskedmewhetherIhadseensuchalovelysight.選擇疑問句由whetheror引導從句Iaskedmyson,“Willyoustayathomeorgowithus?”fIaskedmysonwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgowithus.特殊疑問句由原來的疑問詞引導從句Studentsasked,“Whenwillweattendthesportsmeeting?”Studentsaskedwhentheywouldattendthesportsmeeting.祈使句間接引語必須將肯定或否定祈使句的謂語動詞相應地變為肯定或否定的不定式；主句的引述詞由