1、總結渦輪增壓器使用過程中的注意事項渦輪增壓器是利用發動機排氣管排出的高速氣流帶動 渦輪旋轉,并通過同軸旋轉的進氣葉輪增大進氣管的空 氣壓力,增加氣缸的充氣量,提高發動機功率,并降低 排放,該技術在建筑機械上應用日趨廣泛。Turbocharger is the use of engine exhaust pipes of high speed air turbine rotation, and through the coaxial rotation of the impeller at the inlet increased intake pipe of the air pressure, i

2、ncrease your cylinder, increase engine power, and reduce emissions, the technology is increasingly widely used in construction machinery.由于廢氣渦輪增壓器安裝在排氣管上,工作環境惡劣, 通常處在 500高溫和每分鐘 1020萬轉的高速下工 作,且與發動機共用一套潤滑系統,潤滑條件差,如使 用維護不當,很容易導致增壓器損壞,使發動機無法正 常工作。我們只有了解其結構、原理,掌握正確的使用 與維護方法,才能有效提高機械的壽命,充分發揮其性 能。Due to ex

3、haust gas turbochargers installed on the exhaust pipe, bad work environment, usually at 500 high temperature and under 10 200000 RPM high speed work, and use a set of lubrication system and engine, poor lubrication condition, such as the use of improper maintenance, very easy to cause the turbocharg

4、er is damaged, the engine can't work normally. We only know its structure, principle, to master the correct use and maintenance method, can effectively improve the mechanical life, give full play to its performance.一、廢氣渦輪增壓器的工作原理A, the working principle of exhaust gas turbocharger渦輪增壓器主要由渦輪機、中間體

5、和壓氣機三大部分組 成 (如圖所示 。渦輪機的主要作用是利用發動機排出的 廢氣沖擊渦輪作功,以驅動壓氣機葉輪高速旋轉。壓氣 機的作用是將渦輪旋轉的動能轉變為空氣的壓力能,使 進入發動機的空氣壓力有效提高,增大空氣進入量。中間體既是增壓器的支承機構,又是增壓器的潤滑冷卻裝 臵。工作時,增壓器轉子軸一端的渦輪葉輪在氣缸排出 的廢氣驅動下,帶動另一端的壓氣機葉輪高速旋轉 (30000160000轉 /分鐘 , 同時, 渦輪帶動離心式壓氣 機提高進氣壓力,并通過中冷器冷卻,增大空氣的密度 后進入氣缸,使每個工作循環進入氣缸的新鮮空氣量增 加,從而噴入更多的燃油。高壓空氣流經進氣管進入氣 缸與噴入氣缸的

6、更多柴油混合燃燒,顯著改善了發動機 的燃燒過程, 可提高發動機功率 30%50%, 降低油耗 8%左右。Turbocharger is mainly composed of turbines, intermediates and compressor three parts (as shown. Turbine is the main purpose of using engine exhaust from impact turbine work, to drive the compressor impeller rotating at a high speed. Is the role of

7、 compressor turbine rotational kinetic energy is transformed into the air pressure can, is making the air pressure into the engine effectively, increase the amount of air into the. Intermediates is a supercharger bearing structure, and the supercharger lubrication cooling device.Work, supercharger r

8、otor shaft side of the turbine impeller driven in waste gas in the cylinder, driven at the other end of the high-speed rotating compressor impeller (30000 160000 RPM, at the same time, the gas turbine driving centrifugal compressor and air pressure, and through the cold cool, after increasing the de

9、nsity of air into the cylinder, make each work cycle in the fresh air in the cylinder volume increase, thus more fuel injection. High pressure air through the intake pipe and injection into the cylinder cylinder more diesel hybrid combustion, significantly improved the combustion process of engine a

10、nd engine power can be improved 30% 50%, reduce fuel consumption by around 8%.二、廢氣渦輪增壓器的使用注意事項2, the use of the exhaust turbine supercharger matters needing attention期刊文章分類查詢 , 盡在期刊圖書館Journal articles classified query, in journals inthe library1、選用潤滑油要確保質量1, the selection of lubricating oil to ensur

11、e quality渦輪增壓器普遍采用全浮式軸承,對機油的要求很高, 應按規定加注, 并定期清洗機油濾清器, 保持機油清潔, 嚴防泥砂和雜質摻入,如有臟物摻入潤滑油將加速軸承 磨損。當軸承過度磨損時,葉片甚至會與殼體發生摩擦 使轉子轉速下降,增壓器及柴油發動機的性能將迅速惡 化,出現功率下降、黑煙過多、噪聲增大以及轉子軸兩 端漏油等現象。Turbocharger commonly employed full floating bearing, has a high requirement on the engine oil, should be in accordance with the pr

12、ovisions, filling, and regular cleaning of oil filter, keep the oil clean, beware of mud, sand and impurities added, if there is dirt mixed with oil will accelerate the bearing wear. When bearingexcessive wear, blades and even with the friction of the rotor speed will be reduced, the supercharger an

13、d the diesel engine performance will deteriorate rapidly, a power drop, increase too much smoke, noise and the phenomenon such as oil leakage on both ends of the rotor shaft.2、起動后要充分潤滑2, after starting to sufficient lubrication發動機起動后,機油到達渦輪軸承需要一定的時間,這 時軸承的潤滑條件差,所以,起動后發動機應怠速運轉 5分鐘左右,使潤滑油達到一定的溫度和壓力,以避

14、免 突加負荷時軸承潤滑不良而加速磨損,甚至出現卡死現 象。凡是更換機油、醬油清洗機油濾清器或車輛停放一 周以上后,起動前必須從進油口加入少量干凈機油,并 轉動轉子,使增壓器得到充分的潤滑,或在起動前轉動 曲軸幾次,預潤滑增壓器。After starting engine, oil it takes time to reach the turbine bearing, the bearing's lubricationcondition is poor, so, after starting the engine idle speed should be run for about 5

15、minutes, the lubricating oil reaches a certain temperature and pressure, in order to avoid sudden load-up poor lubrication bearing and accelerate wear, appear even stuck phenomenon. Every oil change, clean the oil filter or vehicle parking for more than a week later, before starting must from inlet

16、to join a small amount of clean engine oil, and turn the rotor, the supercharger get sufficient lubrication, or rotate the crankshaft several times, before starting prelubricated supercharger.3.熄火前要怠速降溫3. To idle to cool before shut down發動機在高速滿負荷運轉,或持續大負荷運轉中不可立 即停車。如突然停車,增壓器轉子因慣性還會繼續高速 旋轉,而柴油發動機停車后潤

17、滑系停止工作,增壓器軸 承部位熱量無法通過潤滑油帶走,乳化液泵站且得不到 充分潤滑,很容易使軸承、轉子組件因缺油或過熱而損壞。正常使用時應慢慢降低轉速和負荷,停車前應怠速 運轉 35分鐘。Engine running at full capacity at high speed, or continue to immediately stop big load operation. Such as sudden stop, the supercharger rotor due to the high speed rotation inertia will continue, and diese

18、l engine lubrication system to stop working when parking, supercharger bearing parts by oil away heat, and inadequate lubrication, it is easy to make bearing, for lack of oil or overheating and damage of rotor components. During normal use shall be slowly reduce the engine speed and load, parking sh

19、ould be idle run before 3 5 minutes.4、使用中要定期保養4, the use of maintenance on a regular basis定期清潔空氣濾清器并檢查進氣系統是否漏氣。若濾清 器堵塞,會使進氣阻力增大,使壓氣機入口的空氣壓力和流量減少,造成增壓器工作效率降低。若進氣系統漏 氣,灰塵將被吸入壓氣機殼內并進入氣缸,造成葉片和 柴油發動機零件早期磨損,致使增壓機和柴油發動機性 能變壞。Clean air filter regularly and check whether the air intake system leak. If the fi

20、lter blocked, can make the air intake resistance increase, reduce the compressor inlet air pressure and flow rate, which reduces the turbocharger efficiency. If the air intake system leak, dust will be sucked into inside the compressor casing and into the cylinder, causing leaves early wear and dies

21、el engine parts, the supercharger and the diesel engine performance deteriorate.定期檢查增壓器轉子的軸向移動量和清除進油口的積 碳。每工作 20002500小時,應檢查轉子軸的靈活性, 測量轉子的軸向移動量。測量時先拆下進、排氣管,用 千分表觸頭頂在轉子軸上,然后軸向推動葉輪進行測 量,若移動量超過規定值,應拆下檢修。清除中間殼上 進油口的積碳,以確保機油順暢進入增壓器。Regularly check the supercharger rotor axial travelmotion of carbon depos

22、ition and removal of oil inlet. Every work of 2000 2500 hours, should check the flexibility of the rotor shaft, rotor axial travelmotion of measurement. When measuring the first remove the inlet and exhaust pipe, touch the head with a dial indicator on the rotor shaft, the axial moves the impeller w

23、as measured, if the mobile more than specified value, should remove the access. Clearance between shell inlet on the carbon deposition, to ensure that the oil flow into the supercharger.三、廢氣渦輪增壓器的常見故障排除Third, common troubleshooting of the exhaust turbine supercharger1、渦輪轉速下降或發動機冒黑煙1, the turbine spe

24、ed down or the engine emit black smoke主要原因:空氣濾清器堵塞;壓氣機吸氣通道和內腔因 油垢過多而阻塞;氣缸內積碳與廢氣中的煙塵積聚在渦 輪軸套內,使轉子軸阻力增大;排氣管阻塞或變形,導 致排氣不暢;渦輪密封環磨損失效,引起廢氣泄漏,對 渦輪葉輪的驅動力減小;進氣管或接頭卡箍未擰緊造成 進氣泄漏;渦輪葉輪經廢氣長期沖刷而變形。Main reason: air filter plugging; Compressorsuction passage and lumen obstruction due to grease too much; Carbon in t

25、he air cylinder and the exhaust soot accumulation within the turbine shaft sleeve, make rotor shaft resistance increases; Exhaust pipe blocking or deformation, causing the exhaust poorly; Turbine sealing ring wear failure, cause gas leakage, the driving force of the turbine impeller decrease; Inlet

26、pipe clamp not tighten or joint cause intake leak; By the exhaust gas turbine impeller erosion and deformation for a long time.排除方法:清除空氣通道內阻塞物,消除進、排氣管的 泄漏。Elimination method: remove obstruction in the air channel, eliminate the leakage of inlet and exhaust pipe.2、壓力機端或渦輪端漏油2, press the end or the tu

27、rbine end leakage主要原因:一是壓氣機端油封磨損失效。當增壓器潤滑 系統內的機油竄入壓氣機室,被吸入氣缸內燃燒,會造 成機油過度消耗和氣缸內積碳。二是渦輪端密封環損 壞。當柴油機高速運轉時,廢氣會竄入增壓器的潤滑系 統,污染機油;且當柴油機低速運轉時,增壓器內的機 油則漏過密封環從排氣管排出,造成機油的過度消耗。Main reasons: one is the compressor oil seal wear failure. When the oil inside the turbocharger lubrication system into the compressor room, drawn into the combustion in cylinder, oil will cause excessive consumption and carbon depositio