1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上From the world of radio in the world to a single chip Modern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21s

2、t century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded systems.First, radio ha

3、s created generations of excellence in the worldFifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications (telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and ot

4、her telemetry, remote control, remote technology. Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. Electronics began to form a new discipline. Radio electronics, wireless communic

5、ations began e-world journey.Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also from popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio rad

6、io; report issued from the radio amateur radio stations; from the telephone, electric bell to the radio control model. Became popular youth radio technology, science and technology education is the most popular and most extensive content. So far, many of the older generation of engineers, experts, P

7、rofessor of the year are radio enthusiasts. Fun radio technology, radio technology, comprehensive training, from basic principles of electronics, electronic components to the radio-based remote control, telemetry, remote electronic systems, has trained several generations of technological excellence

8、.Second, from the popularity of the radio era to era of electronic technology The early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor electronic technology. Semiconductor technology to realize the active device m

9、iniaturization and low cost, so more popular with radio technology and innovation, and to greatly broaden the number of non-radio-control areas. The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the modern electronic technology leap from discrete elect

10、ronics into the era of era of integrated circuits. Electronic design engineers no longer use the discrete electronic components designed circuit modules, and direct selection of integrated circuit components constitute a single system. They freed the design of the circuit unit dedicated to system de

11、sign, greatly liberating the productive forces of science and technology, promote the wider spread of electronic systems. Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough. A large number of digital logic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registe

12、rs, and analog switches, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electronic control. Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to

13、 mechanical engineering in the field of digital control systems, testing in the field of information collection, movement of electrical mechanical servo drive control object. Semiconductor and integrated circuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology a

14、s the field of electronic technology a part of. 70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated circuit appeared to promote the conventional electronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development. Many electronic systems unit into a dedicated integrated devices such as radios, electr

15、onic clocks, calculators, electronic engineers in these areas from the circuit, the system designed to debug into the device selection, peripheral device adapter work. Electronic technology, and electronic products enriched, electronic engineers to reduce the difficulty, but at the same time, radio

16、technology, electronic technology has weakened the charm. The development of semiconductor integrated circuits classical electronic systems are maturing, remain in the large scale integrated circuit other than the shrinking of electronic technology, electronic technology is not the old days of radio

17、 fun times and comprehensive engineering training.Third, from the classic era of electronic technology to modern electronic technology of the times 80 years into the 20th century, the century of economic change is the most important revolution in the computer. The computer revolution in the most imp

18、ortant sign is the birth of the computer embedded applications. Modern computer numerical requirements should be born. A long period of time, is to develop the massive computer numerical duty. But the computer shows the logic operation, processing, control, attracting experts in the field of electro

19、nic control, they want development to meet the control object requirements of embedded applications, computer systems. If you meet the massive data-processing computer system known as general-purpose computer system, then the system can be the embedded object (such as ships, aircraft, motorcycles, e

20、tc.) in a computer system called the embedded computer. Clearly, both the direction of technology development are different. The former requires massive data storage, handling, processing and analysis of high-speed data transmission; while the latter requires reliable operation in the target environ

21、ment, the external physical parameters on high-speed acquisition, analysis and processing logic and the rapid control of external objects. It will add an early general-purpose computer data acquisition unit, the output driver circuit reluctance to form a heat treatment furnace temperature control sy

22、stem. This general-purpose computer system is not possible for most of the electronic system used, and to make general-purpose computer system meets the requirements of embedded applications, will inevitably affect the development of high-speed numeric processing. In order to solve the contradiction

23、 between the development of computer technology, in the 20th century 70s, semiconductor experts another way, in full accordance with the electronic system embedded computer application requirements, a micro-computer's basic system on a chip, the formation of the early SCM (Single Chip Microcompu

24、ter). After the advent of single chip in the computer industry began to appear in the general-purpose computer systems and embedded systems the two branches. Since then, both the embedded system, or general-purpose computer systems have been developed rapidly. Although the early general-purpose comp

25、uter converted the embedded computer systems, and real embedded system began in the emergence of SCM. Because the microcontroller is designed specifically for embedded applications, the MCU can only achieve embedded applications. MCU embedded applications that best meet environmental requirements, f

26、or example, chip-level physical space, large-scale integrated circuits low-cost, good peripheral interface bus and outstanding control of instruction. A computer system microcontroller core, embedded electronic systems, intelligent electronic systems for the foundation. Therefore, the current single

27、 chip electronic system in widespread use of electronic systems to enable rapid transition to the classical modern intelligent electronic systems.4, single chip to create the modern era of electronic systems A microcontroller and embedded systems Embedded computer systems from embedded applications,

28、 embedded systems for early general-purpose computer adapted to the object system embedded in a variety of electronic systems, such as the ship's autopilot, engine monitoring systems. Embedded system is primarily a computer system, followed by it being embedded into the object system, objects in

29、 the object system to achieve required data collection, processing, status display, the output control functions, as embedded in the object system, embedded system computer does not have an independent form and function of the computer. SCM is entirely in accordance with the requirements of embedded

30、 system design, so SCM is the most typical embedded systems. SCM is the early application of technical requirements in accordance with the design of embedded computer chip integration, hence the name single chip. Subsequently, the MCU embedded applications to meet the growing demands of its control

31、functions and peripheral interface functions, in particular, highlight the control function, so has international name the single chip microcontroller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit). 2 MCU modern electronic systems consisting of electronic systems will become mainstream MCU is a device-level computer s

32、ystems, it can be embedded into any object system to achieve intelligent control. Small to micro-machinery, such as watches, hearing aids. Low-cost integrated device-level, low-to a few dollars, ten dollars, enough to spread to many civilian SCM appliances, electronic toys to go. SCM constitutes a m

33、odern electronic systems has in-depth to the households, are changing our lives, such as home audio, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, telephones, security systems, and air conditioners. SCM innovation the original electronic systems, such as microwave ovens use SCM, it can easily set

34、the clock, the program memory, power control; air conditioner after use of SCM is not only convenient for remote parameter setting, running automatically transform, frequency control can be achieved. At present, many household appliances such as VCD, DVD only single chip to achieve its function may

35、occur before. 3 Embedded Systems led the entire electronics industry Current electronic components industry, in addition to microprocessors, embedded system devices, the most modern electronic systems around the supporting components industries, such as keys used to meet the human-computer interacti

36、on, LED / LCD display drivers, LED / LCD display units, voice integrated device, etc., to meet the requirements of data acquisition channel digital sensor, ADC, data acquisition module, signal conditioning modules to meet the servo drive control in the DAC, solid state relays, stepper motor controll

37、er, frequency control unit, etc., to meet the communication requirements various bus driver, level converters. Electronic components in the embedded systems world, driven by embedded applications along fully meet requirements of modern electronic systems development. This makes the original classic

38、world of increasingly small electronic systems. Practitioners in the various electronic systems to modern electronic systems as early as possible to stay.5, SCM will create a new generation of electronic elite If the 50's, radio has created several generations of the world elite, then today'

39、s SCM will create a new generation of e-world elite. A single chip with you to the intelligent electronics If we as a dead classic electronic system electronic system, then the intelligent modern electronic systems is a "life" of the electronic system. Application System of hardware, elect

40、ronic systems, "body", microcontroller applications, the application gives it "life." For example, in the design of intelligent machines monitor display, it can boot the system self-test results show, not to enter the work shows a variety of stand-by state, equipment run-time dis

41、play running processes, work can be displayed after the end of the current results, self results, raw data, reports and other various processing. Unattended, it can run automatically given a variety of functions. Intelligent electronic systems for the endless realm, often without additional hardware

42、 resources can achieve all kinds of renovated function. It is also present in many household appliances feature a large number of additional factors. 2 single chip computer with you to the industrial area The 21st century is the century of humanity into the computer age, many people are not used in

43、the manufacture of computer is the computer. People using the computer, only the people engaged in embedded system applications really into the internal computer system hardware and software systems, can we truly understand the nature of the computer's intelligence and grasp the knowledge of int

44、elligent design. MCU applications starting from the learning technology applications in today's computer software training, hardware and technical personnel of one of the best roads. 3 SCM bring you into the most attractive in the digital world Charming single chip to enable you to experience th

45、e true meaning of the computer, you can design intelligent microcontroller hands-on toys, different applications can be designed to achieve different functions. Both software design and hardware making there, both mental and physical, but also hands. Primary level can develop intelligent toys, with

46、macro programming. Intermediate levels can develop some intelligent controller, such as computer mouse, smart cars, all kinds of remote control model. High levels can be developed robots, such as robot soccer, the development of industrial control units, network communications, and high-level langua

47、ge with assembly language or design application. Microcontroller and embedded systems around the formation of the future of the electronics industry, will provide a vast world of electronic fans, an even broader than the current wireless world, richer, more durable, more attractive in the digital wo

48、rld. Plunge into the microcontroller in the world to, will benefit your life.從無線電世界到單片機世界現代計算機技術的產業革命，將世界經濟從資本經濟帶入到知識經濟時代。在電子世界領域，從20世紀中的無線電時代也進入到21世紀以計算機技術為中心的智能化現代電子系統時代。現代電子系統的基本核心是嵌入式計算機系統(簡稱嵌入式系統)，而單片機是最典型、最廣泛、最普及的嵌入式系統。 一、無線電世界造就了幾代英才 在20世紀五六十年代，最具代表的先進的電子技術就是無線電技術，包括無線電廣播、收音、無線通信(電報)、業余無線電臺、無

49、線電定位、導航等遙測、遙控、遙信技術。早期就是這些電子技術帶領著許多青少年步入了奇妙的電子世界，無線電技術展示了當時科技生活美妙的前景。電子科學開始形成了一門新興學科。無線電電子學、無線通信開始了電子世界的歷程。 無線電技術不僅成為了當時先進科學技術的代表，而且從普及到專業的科學領域，吸引了廣大青少年，并使他們從中找到了無窮的樂趣。從床頭的礦石收音機到超外差收音機；從無線電發報到業余無線電臺；從電話、電鈴到無線電操縱模型。無線電技術成為當時青少年科普、科技教育最普及、最廣泛的內容。至今，許多老一輩的工程師、專家、教授當年都是無線電愛好者。無線電技術的無窮樂趣、無線電技術的全面訓練，從電子學基本

50、原理、基礎到無線電遙控、遙測、遙信電子系統制作，培養出了幾代科技英才。 二、從無線電時代到電子技術普及時代 早期的無線電技術推動了電子技術的發展，其中最主要的是真空管電子技術向半導體電子技術的發展。半導體電子技術使實現了微小型化和低成本，使無線電技術有了更大普及和創新，并大大地開闊了許多非無線電的控制領域。 半導體技術發展導致集成電路器件的產生，形成了近代電子技術的飛躍，電子技術從分立器件時代走進了電路集成時代。工程師不再用分立的電子元器件設計電路單元，而直接選擇集成化的電路單元器件構成系統。他們從電路單元設計中解放出來，致力于系統設計，大大地解放了科技生產力，促進了電子系統更大范圍的普及。

51、半導體集成電路首先在基本數字邏輯電路上取得突破。大量數字邏輯電路，如門電路、計數器、定時器、移位寄存器以及模擬開關、比較器等，為電子數字控制提供了極佳的條件，使傳統的機械控制轉向電子控制。功率電子器件以及傳感技術的發展使原先以無線電為中心的電子技術開始轉向工程領域中的機械系統的數字控制，檢測領域中的信息采集，運動機械對象的電氣伺服驅動控制。 半導體及其集成電路技術將我們帶入了一個電子技術普及時代，無線電技術成為電子技術應用領域的一個部分。 進入20世紀70年代，大規模集成電路出現，促進了常規的電子電路單元的專用電子系統發展。許多專用電子系統單元變成了集成化器件，如收音機、電子鐘、計算器等，在這

52、些領域的從電路、系統的精心設計、調試轉變為器件選擇、外圍器件適配工作。電子技術發展了，電子產品豐富了，電子工程師的難度減少了，但與此同時，無線電技術、電子技術的魅力卻削弱了。半導體集成電路的發展使經典電子系統日趨完善，留在大規模集成電路以外的電子技術日益減少，電子技術沒有了往昔無線電時代的無窮樂趣和全面的工程訓練。 三、從經典電子技術時代到現代電子技術時代 進入20世紀80年代，世紀經濟中最重要的變革是計算機的產業革命。而計算機產業革命的最重要標志則是計算機嵌入式應用的誕生。近代電子計算機是應數值計算要求誕生的。在很長的時間內，電子計算機都是以發展海量數值計算為己任。但是電子計算機表現出的邏輯

53、運算、處理、控制能力，吸引了電子控制領域的專家，他們要求發展能滿足控制對象要求，實現嵌入式應用的計算機系統。如果將滿足海量數據處理的計算機系統稱為通用計算機系統，那么則可把嵌入到對象體系(如艦船、飛機、機車等)中的計算機系統稱作嵌入式計算機。顯而易見，兩者的技術發展方向是不同的。前者要求海量數據存儲、吞吐、高速數據處理分析及傳輸；而后者要求在對象環境中可靠運行，對外部物理參數的高速采集、邏輯分析處理和對外部對象的快速控制等。早期人們將通用計算機加上數據采集單元、輸出驅動電路勉為其難地構成一個熱處理爐的溫控系統。這樣的通用計算機系統不可能為大多數電子系統采用，而且要使通用計算機系統滿足嵌入式應用

54、要求，必然影響高速數值處理技術的發展。為了解決計算機技術發展的矛盾，在20世紀70年代，半導體專家另辟蹊徑，完全按照電子系統的計算機嵌入式應用要求，將一個微型計算機的基本系統集成在一個芯片上，形成了早期的單片機(Single Chip Microcomputer)。單片機問世后，在計算機領域中開始出現了通用計算機系統和嵌入式系統的兩大分支。此后，無論是嵌入式系統，還是通用計算機系統都得到了飛速的發展。 早期雖然有通用計算機改裝而成的嵌入式計算機系統，而真正意義上的嵌入式系統始于單片機的出現。因為單片機是專門為嵌入式應用設計的，單片機只能實現嵌入式應用。單片機能最好地滿足嵌入式應用的環境要求，例如，芯片級的物理空間、大規模集成電路的低價位、良好的外圍接口總線和突出控制功能的指令系統。 單片機有計算機系