1、Unit 1 ArtGrammar and Useful StructuresTeaching Aims1 .Knowledge Aim Help the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly in different situations.2. Ability Aim To learn the subjunctive mood freely and properly in speaking and writing.3. Emotional Aims1) Encourage the students learn more about th

2、e grammar.1) Help the students to form the good habit in learning.2) Encourage the students to do more exercise consolidate the knowledge. Teaching Important Point Enable the students to use the correct form o f of the subjunctive moodTeaching Difficult Point To know the differences between the attr

3、ibutive and the predicative.Teaching Methods:Summarizing, comparative method; practicing activitiesTeaching Aids Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching toolsTeaching ProcedureStep GreetingGreet the whole class.Step DictationStep Homework checking Step Grammar虛擬語(yǔ)氣(Subjunctive Mood)這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是各類英

4、語(yǔ)考試中心測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)之一。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話并不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。判斷是真實(shí)條件句還是非真實(shí)條件句。只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。通過(guò)句子意思，看假設(shè)的條件是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)是真實(shí)條件句，不能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；假設(shè)的條件不能實(shí)現(xiàn)則是非真實(shí)條件句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.判斷這個(gè)假設(shè)是與哪個(gè)事實(shí)相反。通常有三種情況：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反I:虛擬條件句:1. 虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might

5、+動(dòng)詞原形。If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.如果各個(gè)地方都一樣，就不需要地理學(xué)家了。2. 虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí)即had過(guò)去分詞，主句用would / should / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞。If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you.3. 虛擬將來(lái)時(shí)是表示對(duì)將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小的或不確定的假設(shè)。If從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用一般過(guò)去

6、式或用were to / should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。 If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday4. 省略if 采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的條件句。有時(shí)可以把含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語(yǔ)之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.Were he to leave today, he wo

7、uld get there by Friday.Were I in your place, I wouldnt do that.5混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣 有時(shí)主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)需要用混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在這種情況下，主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指代的時(shí)間不同，所以我們又可以錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，在這種虛擬情況，動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活使用，在做這些題目時(shí)候尤其要注意每道題目的提示語(yǔ)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。絕大多數(shù)情況下，從句或者主句都有相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這是我解題的關(guān)鍵。 If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. have

8、nt watched B. didnt watch C. hadnt watched D. wouldnt have watched 答案選C。Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. 混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣還有一種情況就是事實(shí)和虛擬假設(shè)的混合句，這樣的句子不僅僅是時(shí)間的不同，而重要是事實(shí)和假設(shè)的混合。 I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fu

9、lly occupied the whole of last week. 該句前半部分是假設(shè)虛擬，而后半部分是事實(shí)的陳述。 Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. 該句前半句用的是假設(shè)虛擬，后半句主句也用的是假設(shè)虛擬（如果你去并且解釋的話），但是后半句的從句用的是事實(shí)語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)椤案改覆×恕笔强陀^事實(shí)，故不需要用虛擬形式had been。 6. 含蓄虛

10、擬條件句 含蓄條件句是指句中沒(méi)有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來(lái)暗示存在虛擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常來(lái)表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：（1）介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 Without the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadnt been the leadership of the party, we c

11、ould not be living a happy today. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 答案選B。 (2)連詞，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若)，for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是就好了)等。 She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wante

12、d. =if she listened carefully, she might discover exactly what he wanted. If only I had more money, I could buy a car. (注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形，但可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用動(dòng)詞的陳述語(yǔ)氣形式。)例如： The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 這位外籍教師說(shuō)得很慢以免我們聽(tīng)不懂。 Care must be ta

13、ken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法時(shí)要小心謹(jǐn)慎，以免會(huì)發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。 II: wish 后的 that 從句中:1. 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望,從句中過(guò)去式. I wish I knew his address. I wish I were young.2. 表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望, 從句用過(guò)去完成式或would, could, might + have + 過(guò)去分詞. I wish you had written to him. I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.3. 如果將wish改成wished, 其后that 從句中的動(dòng)詞形式不變.4. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示 對(duì)現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來(lái)有所改變或請(qǐng)求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop ask