1、2019屆江蘇高考英語一輪總復習定語從句考點復習精講牛津譯林版定語從句（Attributive Clauses）一：定義定語從句：由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引導的從句，其作用是作定語，修飾主句的某個名詞或代詞，相當于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。定語從句的位置一般緊跟在先行詞后，但有時因句子結構需要，定語從句和先行詞被某些成分分開。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。This is the girl who/that teaches us English （who/that 指人，修飾先行詞 the girl ,在從句中 作主語）1:先行

2、詞：被定語從句修飾的成分。定語從句先行詞為指人、物、時間、地點、原因的名 詞或代詞，有時也可以是整個句子。Tom is a handsome boy.=Tom is a boy who is handsome.I gave him all my money.二I gave him all the money that I have.She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.2:關系詞：連接被修飾的先行詞和從句的詞叫做關系詞。關系詞：關系代詞：在句中代替指人或物的先行詞，并在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表 語

3、、定語等句子成分。關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的形式要與先行詞保持一致；關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略。 關系代詞有：who, whom, which, whose, that, asHe has a house. + The house is very beautiful.第1頁He has a house that is very beautiful.Football is a game that is liked by most boys.Our monitor is the boy whose father is a lawyer.關系副詞：代替表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞

4、，并在從句中作時間狀語、地 點狀語和原因狀語，不能省略。關系副詞有when, where, whyI will never forget the day. + We first met then. TI will never forget the day when we first met.He didn't tell me the time when the meeting would start.The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.Do you know the reason

5、 why he cried last night?二 關系詞常有3個作用：1.引導定語從句；2.代替先行詞；3.在定語從句中擔當一個成分。3:定語從句分類限制性定語從句：對先行詞起限制、區分作用，并與先行詞有著不可分割的關系，這種從句不能省略，否則主句意思就不完整、不明確。翻譯時一般譯成前置定語，意為".的”。非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明或描繪作用，如果省略，也不影響主句的意思，主句也能獨立存在，它與主句之間通常用逗號隔開。翻譯時一般將主句和從句譯成并列形式。He has two sons who work in the same company.（他可能不止兩個兒子 ）He

6、 has two sons, who work in the same company.（他只有兩個兒子 ）Do you know the people who live over the road?The accident, which took place in Kingston,happened because of the fog.練習 1:1. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.A.they B.where C.what D.that2. I walked up

7、 to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A.whichB.where C.whoD.that3. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that二.關系代詞的用法（一）關系代詞引導的定語從句先行詞關系代詞從句中的成分例句人who主、賓、表Do you know the man who the teacher is talking to?God helps

8、 those who help themselves.Mr. Smith is a man who we should learn from.The actor is not the man who he used to be.whom賓The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Liu.The boy whom she loved died in the war.物which主、賓、表The vase which I broke yesterday was very expensive.The fish which we bought this mor

9、ning was not fresh.Children like books which have pictures.人、物that主、賓、表A plane is a machine that can fly.Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.I don't like the novel that you are reading.whose定I have a friend whose father is an engineer.The room whose window faces south is mine.as主、賓

10、、表As I know, she hasn't got married.He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(二)關系代詞的用法(I) who與whom的用法who與whom用于指人，who在定語從句中作主語、賓語。 whom在定語從句中作賓語， 在現代英語中，可以用 who代替；但是，從句中的介詞提到關系代詞前，whom直接在介詞后作賓語，不可用 who。The TV organizers had planned to find four m

11、usicians who could act as well as sing.He is the singer who/ whom you talked about yesterday尸 He is the singer about whom you talked yesterday.The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Liu.例題 2： 1. Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whom B.who C.w

12、hat D.which2. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.A.them B.that C.which D.whom(II) which的用法which用于指物，在從句中作主語、賓語 ，作賓語，且不直接跟在介詞后時，which可以省略。The tree which is in front of my house is more than ten years old.Don't expect people to do things which you would not do

13、yourself.This is the pen which I'm looking for.例題 3:1. Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world.A.when B.where C.which D.whom2. The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2019.A.when B.where C.why D.which(III) whose 的用法whose表示".的

14、”，既可以指人，也可以指物，在從句中作定語，修飾名詞。The house whose windows face south is ours.I like those books whose topics are about history.例題 4： 1. A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A.which B.whose C.who D.why2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of

15、the those lives were affected.A.whose B.that C.who D.which(IV) that的用法that既可以指人又可指物，指人時可與who,whom互換，指物時可與which互換。that在從句中作主語、賓語。作賓語時， that可是省略。David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had.The girl that you saw yesterday was my sister.There must be something that happened to you.The st

16、udent that answered the question was John.The book that you lent me was interesting.(V) as的用法(1) as作為關系代詞既可指人，也可指物，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。as一般用于 "suchas” "the sameas " as.as 結構中。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.He is not the same man as he was.(2) as還可以引導非限制性定語從句，代表整個主

17、句的內容，意為“正如，像”The air quality in the cit y, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.As we all know, he studies very hard.The bridge is really wonderful, as is shown in the picture.(三)關系代詞that和which的用法區別(I)引導限制性定語從句時，必須用關系代詞that的情況：在以下幾種情況下只使用that不用which 。1 .先行詞是 all, anything

18、, everything, nothing, something, nonejittle, few, much等不定代詞或被不定代詞所修飾，且指物時。1) .I told him all_ (that) I knew.2) .He gave her everything (that) he had.3) . Anything that you have to say had better be said in each other's presence.4) . You should hand in a!L that you have.2 .先行，司被 all, any, little

19、, few, no, the very (恰恰，正好),the only, the last 等修飾時。1) .I have read all the books (that) you gave me.2) .You can take any book (that) you like.3) . This is the very dictionary that he wants to buy.4) . Basketball is the only thing that interests him.5) . The only thing that we can do is to give some

20、 money.6) . This is the last train that will go to Suzhou.3 .先行詞前面有序數詞時。1) . Don t trust the first sign that you see.2) . The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.4 .先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。1) . This is the best book (that) I have ever read.2) . The present time is the best gift that you ca

21、n give yourself.5 .先行詞既有人又有物時。第 7 頁1) .We are talking about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school.2) .The people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found.3) . She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in.6 .在Who, Which引起的疑問句中。1)

22、. Who is the boy that helped you?2) . Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday?3) . Who is the person that is standing at the gate?7 .若有兩個定語從句，其中一個用which引導，另一個須用that引導。1) .He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could helphim to kill the time.2) . They secretly built up a small

23、 factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.3) . Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.8 .當先行詞是主句的表語，而關系代詞在定語從句中也作表語時。1) . Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.2) . Jack is not the man that he was.9 .當主句以here, there開頭且先行詞是指物的名詞時。1) .

24、 Here is the book that you have been looking for.(II)當先行詞指物或前面整句話時，定語從句中關系代詞必須用which的情況：在以下幾種情況下只使用which不用that1 .在非限制性定語從句中，只用 which ,不用that。1) . Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which made the others envy第8頁him.2) . I have lost my pen, which I like very much.2.先行詞在句中作介詞

25、賓語且介詞前置時。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.練習 5 ： 1. I hope that the little I have been able to do has been of some use.A.what B.which C.that D.as2. They ve won their last three matches, I find a bit surprising.A.that B.when C.what D.which(III)當先行詞為指人的關系代詞時，引導詞只用who不用that。1 .先行詞為 all, any

26、one, one / ones, those, people 時，須用 who。1) . Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now.2) . Those who want to see the film please put up your hands.2 .在非限制性定語從句中，須用 who。1) .Tom's father, who is over sixty, still works hard.2) . He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man.3 .在被分隔的定

27、語從句中，須用 who。A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.4 .在以there be開頭的句子中，多用 who。There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.5 .若有兩個定語從句，其中一個關系代詞是that,另一個須用 who。The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.(IV)關系代詞as與which的區別1 .as引導的非限制性定語

28、從句既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時哈克插入主句中，而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可替代整個主句的內容，而不僅是主句中的某一個詞。The weather turned out to be very hot, which was beyond our expectation.2 . 當非限制性定語從句放在主句前，只能用as。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.=The moon travels round the earth once every

29、 month, as/which is known to everybody.=It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.=What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.3 .從句在主句之后時，有些情況下 as與which可以互換。They were invite to party, which/as was a great honor to them.H

30、e must be an African, as/which may be seen from the colour of his skin.4 .從句在主句之后時，只能用 as或which的情況。(1) . 當非限制性定語從句時否定句或表示否定時，只能用which。We had to sleep in our wet clothes, which was most uncomfortable.He came to my birthday party, which I didn t expect at all.(2) . 表達“正如(情形或事實所表示的那樣)，像 一樣”的意思時，通常用as，S

31、he is a fine singer,as her mother used to be.Things will turn out to be contrary to people s wishes, as is often the case.練習6： 1. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ morepeople to keep it running,第 10 頁 Meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A.who B.that C.as

32、D.which2. is often the case, he didn't study hard and failed to pass the test.A. What B. Which C. It D. As二.注息點(1)關系代詞在從句中作賓語時經常可以省略。The boy (whom/that) you saw in the office yesterday was taken away by the policeman.Can you lend me the magazine (which/that) you talked about yesterday?(2)關系代詞在從句

33、中作主語時，從句中謂語動詞的單復數取決于先行詞。Mary is one of the teachers in our school who have been abroad.Mary is the only one of the teachers in our school who has been abroad.關系副詞的用法:關系副詞指代的先行詞及其作用先行詞關系副詞在從句中作用與介詞+關系代詞”的關系表小時間的名詞：time, day,year 等when時間狀語=at,in, on, during which表示場所的名詞：park ,place, country, house等whe

34、re地點狀語=in, at, to,on, which表小理由的名詞：the reasonwhy原因狀語=for which二：when的用法1 .when修飾時間名詞，在從句中做時間狀語。其先行詞通常為 time, day,year, morning, night,第11頁第 15 頁week等。常用 on which, at which, on which 代替。There was one day when we went out in the way during a hunt and James was washed off the boat.April the first is th

35、e day when people make fun of others.=April the first is the day on which people make fun of others.2 .where在從句中做地點狀語。先行詞通常為place, city, school, country等表示地點的名詞。常用 in which, at which, on which 等取代。Can you tell me the office where he works?=Can you tell me the office in which he works?3 .why在定語從句中做原因

36、狀語。可用 for which代替。why不可引導非限制性定語從句，此 時可用 for which 。This is the reason why he went away.=this is the reason for which he went away.（二）關系副詞常可用“介詞 +關系代詞”的結構改寫。 這里的關系代詞只限于which 和whom 。I will never forget the night when I met you for the first time.=I will never forget the night on which I met you for th

37、e first time.We dont know the reason why he suddenly fell ill.=We don t know the reason for which he suddenly fell ill.注意 :并不是所有的“介詞+關系代詞”的結構都可以用關系副詞替代。I am very impressed by the way in which he works.+ 關系代詞”結構這里 in which 代表的是in the way ，在句中作方式狀語。只有當“介詞作表示時間、地點和原因的狀語時，才能相應地用when, where和why代替。注意：(1)當

38、先行詞是表示地點(如 place,room, airport)、 時間(如 time, day, year, month, week)、原因(reason)的名詞，并且在從句中作地點、時間、原因狀語時，應用where, when,why引導定語從句。但如果表示時間，地點，原因的名詞在從句中不作狀語，而是作主語、 賓語或者表語時，則需用關系代詞that或which來引導定語從句，而不是用where, when, why來引導。I still remember the day (that/ which) we spent together.Shennongjia is a beautiful pl

39、ace (that/which) we all look forward to visiting.Is this the reason (that/which) he gave us for being late?(2)當先行詞為way時，定語從句關系詞用in which , that或省略。I didn't like the way (that/ in which/ ) he talked to me.(3)當先行詞表示模糊或抽象的地點時，定語從句也用where引導，詞類先行詞有case,situation , stage, point等。The incident has reach

40、ed a point where both their parents should be called in.二：“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句1:當關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞既可以放在原來的位置上，又可以置于關系代詞之前，與關系代詞共同引導定語從句。“介詞+關系代詞”可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。“介詞+關系代詞”結構中的介詞可以是in, on, about, from,for, with, to ,at, of, without等，關系代詞只可用 whom或which ,不可用that,其中whom指 人,which指物。Give me the bo

41、ok whose cover is red.二 Give me the book the cover of which is red.二 Give me the book of which the cover is red.I want to find the pen which I wrote the letter with尸 .注意：from where為“介詞+關系副詞”結構，也可以引導定語從句（但不常用）We stood at the top of the hill, from where we could see the town.2:在非正式英語中，介詞通常在定語從句的末尾。Art

42、 is the subject which I know a little about.3:如果介詞正在定語從句的末尾，則 whom和which能夠被that代替，whom還可以被who代 替。Dad is a person who/whom/that I can easily talk to.4:當關系代詞which或者whom作介詞賓語并且介詞位于定語從句的末尾的時候，which或者我后面可以省略。He is a person whom I can share my feelings with.5.某些在從句中充當時間、地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關系代詞”結構可以跟關系副詞when, whe

43、re和 why互換。This is the house in which I lived two years ago. =This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?=Do you remember the day when you joined our club?（一）關系代詞前介詞的確定1 .依據定語從句中動詞的某種固定搭配而確定。Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his

44、 money .We will visit Mountain Tai tomorrow, for which Shandong is famous in the world.2 .依據先行詞的某種固定搭配而確定There was no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.3 .根據所表達的意思確定The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.The gas without which we cannot live is called oxyge

45、n.(二)關系代詞的位置介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用 which和whom,不能用that代替，也不可省略；介詞在句子 后面時，關系代詞用 which , that,whom,who都行，而且還可以省略。This is the drawer in which I put my letters. = This is the drawer (which/that) I put my letters in.Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters with this morning?二 Have you seen the pen(which/ t

46、hat) I wrote letters with this morning?This is the college at which he works.二 This is the college that/ which he works at.= This is the college where he works.(三)介詞of與關系代詞的搭配。介詞of與關系代詞搭配時，of通常放在名詞、代詞、數詞之后，此結構多用于非限制性定 語從句。詞類常見的形式有： some/ several/ a few/ a little/ many/ much/ most/ five/ the biggest/

47、.of which/ whom 等。Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.Ten students were killed in the accident, three of whom were girls.（四）特殊情況1 . 在些固定短語中，如 listen to , look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等， 在定語從句中一般不將介詞與動詞分開。This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

48、This is the book which/ that I am looking for.2 .在“單個介詞+關系代詞（which， whose） +名詞”結構中，介詞要由后面的名詞而定。He lived in London for three months, during which time he learned some English.Our English teacher,with whose help we have great progress in English, has completed thirty years of teaching.練習：【小試牛刀】一：I 用關系

49、代詞who, whom, that, which, whose, as 填空。1. The earthquake shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We don t know the number of people lost their homes in the earthquake.3. The house they built in 1937 is still in very good condition.4. The house is built on sand may fall down in

50、an earthquake.5. The boy father is a teacher is very clever.6. A clock is a machine tells people the time.7. Our village is no longer the one it used to be.8. The house he is looking for is very expensive.9. Do you know the man houses are all broken?10. is known to all, the moon travels round the ea

51、rth once very month.II .翻譯下面句子1 .剛才作演講的那個教授已經走了。2 .你認識那個母親是老師的女孩嗎？3 .鳥是一種能飛的動物。4 .我上周買的那支鋼筆很便宜。5 .門朝北開的那間房子已經被賣了。選擇題：（5年高考三年模擬必修一）1. Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A.which B.what C.where D.when2. We'll reach the sales targets in a month we set at

52、 the beginning of the year.A.which B.where C.when D.what3. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.where B.which C.what D.when4. Those tourists vacation included an unexpected problem were reported to have returned safe and s

53、ound.A.whose B.that C.which D.that5. Not far from my house there is a garden, owner is seated in it playing cheese with his children every afternoon.A.whose B.its C.which D.that6. When people talk about the famous scenic spot in China, the first comes into mind is the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.one

54、 D.place7. It is in the city you're going to pay a visit to this kind of beer is produced.A./; that B.where, that C./; where D.that; which8. Watch out! Don't get close to that window, glass was broken, or you will cut yourself.A.which B.whose C.of which D.that9. My grandma, a great woman, ha

55、s a great influence on me. I will never forget my childhood I spent with her.A.that B.when C.why D.where10. In the past, he had little money could be used to buy clothes for his children.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.what11. He said he did everything he could to help the people there.A.whichB.whoseC.what D.

56、that12. He lives in the house windows and doors are all green.第 19 頁A.whichB.whose C.what D.that13. They were talking about Mr. Li and his novel are popular with the students in school.A.which B.who C.that D.what14. the house his father built fifteen years ago is used as a clinic now.A.where B.in wh

57、ich C./ D.what15. John is the only one of the students in the class that never a mistake even when it is pointed to him.A.admit making B.admits making C.admit to make D.admits to make16. I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A.as B.why C.when D.where17. Students should involve the