1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 高中英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法大全英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種，即轉(zhuǎn)化法、合成法和派生法。一. 轉(zhuǎn)化法在英語(yǔ)中，一個(gè)單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。1. 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞Let me have a try.讓我試試。They are only allowed to sell soft drinksat school.在學(xué)校里只準(zhǔn)許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。2. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞He shoulderedhis way through the crowd.他用肩膀推開人群前進(jìn)。The smell from the kitchen made his mouth w

2、ater.從廚房傳來(lái)的氣味使他流口水。3. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞We will try our best to betterour living conditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。They tried to perfectthe working conditions.他們努力改善工作條件。4. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞He didnt know the difference between rightand wrong.他不辨是非。The oldin our village are living a happy life.我們村的老年人過(guò)著幸福的生活。5. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞How lon

3、ghave you lived there?你在那兒住多久了？6. 個(gè)別詞在一定場(chǎng)合中可轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞Warm clothes are a mustin the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山區(qū)去是必須的。Life is full of upsand downs.人生有得意時(shí)也有失意時(shí)。His argument contains too many ifsand buts.他的辯論中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。二. 合成法由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞連在一起合成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫做合成法，合成的詞叫做合成詞。合成詞一般看其詞，知其意。1. 合成名詞名詞/代詞+名詞 newspaper bloo

4、d-test she-wolf動(dòng)詞+名詞 typewriter pickpocket daybreak形容詞+名詞 greenhouse highway副詞+名詞 overcoat outside名詞+v.-ing/v.-ing +名詞 handwriting reading-room freezing-point動(dòng)詞+副詞/ 副詞+ 動(dòng)詞 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome名詞+介詞+名詞 sister-in-law editor-in-chief2. 合成形容詞名詞+形容詞/形容詞+名詞 world-famous duty-free lar

5、ge-scale long- term副詞+形容詞 over-anxious evergreen名詞+過(guò)去分詞 man-made sun-burnt名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving English-speaking形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 good-looking easy-going副詞+過(guò)去分詞 well-informed widespread副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hardworking far-reaching形容詞+名詞+ed warm-hearted absent-minded數(shù)詞+名詞+ed three-legged ten-storied數(shù)詞+名詞 one-way fivestar數(shù)詞

6、+名詞+形容詞 ten-year-old 800-meter-long名詞+to+名詞 face to-face door - to -door3. 合成動(dòng)詞名詞+動(dòng)詞 baby-sit sleepwalk副詞+動(dòng)詞 outnumber underestimate overwork形容詞+動(dòng)詞 whitewash4. 合成副詞形容詞名詞 meanwhile anyway形容詞副詞 everywhere anyhow副詞副詞 however介詞名詞 beforehand overhead介詞副詞 forever5. 合成代詞代詞賓格self/selves herself themselves物主

7、代詞self/selves myself yourselves形容詞名詞 anything nothing6. 合成介詞副詞名詞 inside outside介詞副詞 without within副詞介詞 into三. 派生法由一個(gè)詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。1. 前綴除少數(shù)前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，但不改變單詞的詞性。（1）表示否定意義的前綴un- unhappy unfinished undressdis- disagree disbelievein- il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r前) inaccur

8、ate illegal impolite imbalance irregularmis- misbehave mislead mistakenon- nonstop nonsmoker（2）表示其他意義的前綴en- “使” enrich enlarge encourageinter- “相互”international intercontinentalre- “再，又，重” rethink retell recycletele- “遠(yuǎn)程的” telescope telephone telegraphauto- “自動(dòng)的” automatic automobileco- “共同” coworke

9、r cooperate coexistanti- “反對(duì)，抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclearmulti- “多” multistory multicultural multicolorbi- “雙，二” bicycle bilingual bilateralmicro- “極小的，微小的” microwave microcomputerover- “太多，過(guò)分” overwork overdo overestimateself- “自己，本身” self-centered self-confident self-controlunder- “在下面，下的，不足

10、的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate2. 后綴（1）形容詞后綴-able “可的，具有的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable-al “與有關(guān)的” physical, magical, political-an “屬于某地方的人” American African-ern “方向” southern, northern, eastern-ful/ less “（沒(méi)）有的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless-ish “如的；有特征的” f

11、oolish childish selfish-ive “有傾向的” active attractive expensive-en “由制成的” golden wooden woolen-ous “有（性質(zhì)）的” famous, dangerous, poisonous-ly “有性質(zhì)的” friendly yearly daily-y “構(gòu)成形容詞” noisy dusty cloudy（2）名詞后綴-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container-ese “某國(guó)（人）的” Chinese, Japan

12、ese-ian “某國(guó)、某地人；精通的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician-ist “某種主義或職業(yè)者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist-ess “表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess-ment “行為或其狀態(tài)” government, movement, achievement-ness “性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)” illness, sadness, carelessness-tion “動(dòng)作，過(guò)程，結(jié)果” invention, organization, translation

13、-ance/ ence “抽象；行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)” importance, appearance, absence, existence-th “性質(zhì)、情況” depth, warmth, truth-ful “（滿的）量” handful, spoonful, mouthful-(a)bility “抽象、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)” possibility, disability, reliability-al “過(guò)程、狀態(tài)” survival, arrival, approval-y “性質(zhì)、情況” modesty, delivery, honesty-dom “處于狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)” freedom, boredom-age “狀態(tài)，行為，身份及其結(jié)果” courage, storage, marriage（3）動(dòng)詞后綴-fy / ify “使得；變得” simplify, beautify, purify-en “使成為；變得” shorten, deepen, sadden-ize “使成為” apologiz