1、.2018 高考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題專題突破Step1 猜測詞義常見設(shè)問方式1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to“?2. What does the author probably mean by “ ?3. The word “ inthe contest means _.4. The term can be best replaced by _.5. The word “ probably refers to _.6. As used in the line the word “ refers to _.7. Acco

2、rding to the passage, the word “ isknown as_.8. The passage use the word “torefer to _9.According to the author, the underlined word“means_.10. From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “means _.在詞義猜測題中，有些詞匯并非生詞，只需要根據(jù)上下文去推測它應(yīng)在文章中的具體含義，或找出其指代對象。做這類題，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀出現(xiàn)該詞的上下文，文章中往往會對這類詞或短語進(jìn)行重復(fù)解釋或概括歸納。

3、因此答案往往可從文章中找出或推測出。Step2. 方法探究1. Charlotte s tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “Weve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife, ”she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined word “pesetas”in Paragraph 2 is a kind of

4、 _.A. storyB. collectionC. inspirationD. foreign coin2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng s deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encour

5、aged by kind offers, but hecould depend on his own work.The underlined word “donation”in Para.3 probably means _.A. invitation to give a speechB. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interviewersD. chances to be a hero【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_3. The elder l

6、earn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.4. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies ( 軍用物資 ),while others carried only passengers.5. Scientists grow large quan

7、tities of common mould (霉菌 )so that they can get penicillin from;.it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs.6. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.7. Yet, shopkeepers may have to s

8、pend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter,who always takes away things from the shop without paying for them.【思考?xì)w納】這幾道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_8. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.From the passage,

9、we can infer that the word “autocraticmeans _A. friendly to othersB. modest and kindlyC. sticking to one s own opinionD. hard-working9. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page.jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized

10、 byrhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3.n. slang. Empty talk. 4.adj.of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.What does the word “jazz”mean in the following sentence?Don tgive me that jazz, for I am a practical person.A. Rhythmic beats.B. A type of music.C. A kind of danc

11、e.D. Meaninglesstalk.【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_10. “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. ”The underlined word “cultivated”(Paragraph 1) roughly means _.A. encouragedB. comparedC. examinedD. developed11. Written language

12、tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.According to the author, the underlined word static means _.A. unchangeableB. inactiveC. respectiveD. widespread12. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan s population is quite homogeneous.

13、【思考?xì)w納】這三道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_13. Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill.;.14. Mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public

14、 halls can be preserved.【思考?xì)w納】 這道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_15. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, of English learning.16. Many United nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.【思考?xì)w納】這兩道

15、題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_17. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.18. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese

16、characters in the complex form.【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_19. 下題中劃線的詞可換為：New York, 10 November, 5:27 p.m., yesterday. Biggest power failure in the citys history.A. enoughB. not passingC. lack ofD. lack【思考?xì)w納】 這道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_20. Rainforests like the Amazon are importan

17、t for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere andhelping to slow global warming.The underlined phrase “mopping up ”in the second paragraph means _.A. cleaning upB. taking inC. wiping outD. giving up21. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop. She pushed past the desk and as the nu

18、rse looked up. Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floor. ”【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_22. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestorsbattled naturewith the basic tools they had.23. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-educati

19、on, medicine, and business.The underlined work “aging”means _.A. counting the number of years someone livesB. the numbers of years someone livesC. becoming older;.D. making someone looking older【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_檢測反饋運用方法探究中學(xué)到的技巧，快來一試身手吧！看誰做得又快又好！AI have been consistently oppos

20、ed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother andscientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the babyof view.Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby s blood sugar levelAllwe know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and

21、makes a baby easilyannoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asksfor attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make ababy satisfied. The first of the

22、 experts to advocate a strict clock-watchingschedule was Dr.Frederic Truby Kingwho was against feeding in the night. I venever heard anything soridiculo us. Baby feeding shouldn followta timetable set by the mum. What is important isfeeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenie

23、nce in the first few weeks.Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and pointsout the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed ondemand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. B

24、ythe age of 8, their IQ （智商） scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigidtimetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（樣本） of10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, achildsex and age, the mothe

25、r healths and feeling style. These results don surpriset me.Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking noaccount of sinking blood sugar levels.I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.小題 1:What does the a

26、uthor think about Dr King?A He is strictB He is unkindC He has the wrong idea.D He sets a timetable for mothers小題 2:The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _A basicBreliableC surprising D interesting小題 3:What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?A The bab

27、y will sleep well.;.B The baby will have its brain harmed.C The baby will have a low blood sugar level.D The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.小題 4:The author supports feeling the baby_.A in the nightB every four hoursC whenever it wants foodD according to its blood sugar levelBFor high sch

28、ool leavers starting out in the working world， it is very important to learnparticular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(實習(xí) ).In some countries ， schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the Unites States， however， such programs a

29、re still few and far between.Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses ， students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school ， graduate and go on to higher education.In Germany， students as young as 13 and 14 are expected

30、 to do internships. Germancompanies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in examsinstead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education schoo

31、l professor RobertSchwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country mostvulnerable( 易受影響的 )kids with no jobs and no skills.Schwartz believed that the best career programs encour

32、age kids to go for higher educationwhile also teaching them valuable practical skills at high sch001. James Madison High Schoolin New York ， for example ， encourages students to choose classes on career based courses.The school then helps them gain on the-job experience in those fields while they re

33、 still athigh school.However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work ， the jobmarket is daunting. In the US ，unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row.“ The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience ，

34、they become part ofthis generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job ，” said Michael，a researcher in the US.小題 1:According to Robert Schwartz ， _.A there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US;.B students should get contact with the working world at high schoolC education r

35、eform should focus on students performance in exams D teenagers in the US can t miss out on the summer job experience 小題 2:What s the main idea of the text?A Arguments about recent US education reform.B Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.CThe lack of career-based courses in US high schools

36、.D Advice for American high school leavers.小 題3:Theunderlinedword“ daunting ”inParagraph5mostprobablymeans_.A discouragingB interesting C creativeD unbearable解題指導(dǎo)在詞義猜測題中， 有些詞匯并非生詞， 只需要根據(jù)上下文去推測它應(yīng)在文章中的具體含義，或找出其指代對象。做這類題，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀出現(xiàn)該詞的上下文，文章中往往會對這類詞或短語進(jìn)行重復(fù)解釋或概括歸納。因此答案往往可從文章中找出或推測出。猜測詞義第一招利用上下文語境線索任何一篇文中的句子

37、在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索， 進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點。第二招利用定義和解釋性線索閱讀文中的有些生詞尤其是新聞報導(dǎo)及科普類文章中的生詞，往往在其后有對該詞進(jìn)行解釋說明性的短語或句子，如 to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words 等，有時也以同位語、定語從句的形式出現(xiàn)，或用破折號、括弧來表示。留心閱讀就可以斷定它們的意思。第三招根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。 英語中句與句

38、之間在語意上往往存在一些邏輯關(guān)系，如因果、對比、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。因果關(guān)系的語境，通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such 等連that詞體 現(xiàn)。第四招利用對比線索有時文章作者為了增強表達(dá)效果，會用一對反義詞揭示事物的不同點，形成鮮明的對比，這時只要把握其中的一詞，就不難推出另一詞的含義，這時句中多見unlike; although; but;yet; while; on the contrary; on the other hand; for one thing; for another; instead of; ratherthan 等信息

39、詞。第五招利用同義線索和同等關(guān)系同義詞替換可以為我們推測詞義提供明顯的語境線索。 一些常見的引出同義詞的標(biāo)志性詞語有 or, like, similarly 等。同等關(guān)系是指一個詞、一組詞或短語在句中作同一成分，而且他們的詞義屬一范疇。只要我們認(rèn)識其中一個或幾個詞或短語，即可確定同等關(guān)系;.中生詞的詞性，作用和大概意思。第六招利用例證性線索某些冷僻的詞匯后會舉一個例子，使詞匯具體易懂。 such as, like, for example, for instance 等連接性詞語往往用來列舉說明前面較難理解的名詞。第七招根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法閱讀中常會遇到一些由所熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞，可利用構(gòu)詞法知

40、識來推測其意思。教學(xué)大綱已經(jīng)明確地將構(gòu)詞法列在語法附表中，因此利用所學(xué)構(gòu)詞法生成的詞不應(yīng)被認(rèn)定為生詞。第八招注意熟詞生義英語中大量的詞匯具有多義性，其含義并非完全等同于詞典所標(biāo)注的漢語意思，具體的詞義需要在一定的上下文中體現(xiàn)出來。閱讀理解中的熟悉詞生義比生詞本身的障礙要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考對生詞的數(shù)量有量的規(guī)定，不得超過3% ；其二，熟悉詞生義很容易引起考生的誤解；其三，熟悉詞生義的數(shù)量沒有限制。如果這種現(xiàn)象在一篇文章中出現(xiàn)得多，那就更難理解了。第九招根據(jù)常識或經(jīng)驗猜測詞義在閱讀中碰到生詞時， 我們有時可以運用邏輯推理能力、 自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識去推斷生詞的含義。當(dāng)然也要結(jié)合語境。第十招根據(jù)詞性轉(zhuǎn)化，猜測它在語境中的詞義題目參考答案1.D2.B3.老年綜合癥4 goods 5.抗生素6海洋生物學(xué)7 商店里偷竊的人8 C9D10D11A12 單一的13 虎貓 an endangered wild cat14 教堂 other public halls can 15 期刊 16會多國語言的人17 抗毒18 簡化的19D20B 21 拖把22 作斗爭23C第一篇小題 1:C 小題 2:B 小題 3:D 小題 4:C試題分析：本文典型的議論文，論點是反對定期喂養(yǎng)嬰兒。論據(jù)：