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1、椒江區泰來高復英語語法復習專題八:動詞時態和語態(1)一、動詞的分類和形式:動詞是表示動作和狀態的詞。動詞有時態、語態和語氣3種形式的變化。1、動詞按其能否獨立作謂語而分為:“謂語動詞”和“非謂語動詞”兩種2、動詞的4種基本形式:動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞和現在分詞。3、動詞按其構成動詞詞組作用分為:實義動詞、連系動詞、情態動詞和助動詞。1)實義動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。還可分為持續性動詞和瞬間動詞;2)連系動詞有兩種:一種表特征或狀態,另一種表狀態變化過程。4、五種不同的短語動詞:1)“動詞+介詞”;2)“動詞+副詞”;3)“動詞+副詞+介詞”;4)“動詞+名詞(或代詞)+介詞”;5)“

2、be+形容詞(包括相當于形容詞的過去分詞+介詞”。二、動詞的時態:1、一般現在時的用法:1)表示現在的習慣,經常發生的動作或存在的狀態。2)表示主語的特征、性格和能力。3)表示客觀事實或真理。4)表示按照計劃安排好的將來行為。(只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等開始或移動意義的詞。)2、一般過去時的用法:1)表示過去的動作或狀態。2)敘述過去連續發生的事情。3)表示過去一段時間內經常發生的動作。3、一般將來時的用法:1)表示將來的動作或狀態。2)表示將來的經常動作。4、現在進行時的用法:1)表示說話時正在進行的動作。2)表示現階段正在進行的動作。(說話時動

3、作不一定進行。)5、過去進行進的用法:1)過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作。2)表示移動的動詞:come, start, stay, leave, go等詞的過去進行時可以表示過去的將來要發生的動作。3)was going to do可以表示在過去某一時間之后發生的動作。6、現在完成時的用法:1)表示剛剛完成的動作,常與just連用。2)表示過去發生而持續到現在的動作或狀態,甚至延續到將來。常與since, for連用,但for, since不能與終止性的動詞連用。3)表示過去的動作對現在造成的影響或結果。7、現在完成時與一般過去時的區別:1)現在完成時與現在有聯系,它表示過去的動作對

4、現在所產生的結果、影響。一般過去時通常表示在過去某一具體時間發生的動作,與現在沒什么聯系。2)現在完成時表示過去延續到現在的行為;一般過去時著重過去某一時刻的某一具體動作。8、過去完成的用法:1)表示在過去某一或動作之前已經完成的動作。常與by, before等介詞短語或一個狀語從句或上下文暗示。2)表示由過去某一時間開始,一直延續到過去另一時間的動作,常和for(有時可省去)或since 構成的短語或since引導的從句連用。9、過去將來時的用法:表示對于過去某一時刻而言將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。練習一:動詞時態與語態(1)1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the

5、piano.A. is playingB. playsC. was playing D. played2. She _ the door before she goes away.A. had lockedB. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking.3. A hunter is a man who _ animals.A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching4. What _ if I drink this?A. happens B. is happening C. will happen D

6、. is happened5. I will visit you if Father _ me.A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let6. Look out! That tree _ fall down.A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would7. My uncle _ to see me. He'll be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came8. They can't leave until they _ their wo

7、rk.A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done9. "Has he seen this film?"" Yes. He _ it several days ago. "A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing10. Now Mike isn't here. He _ Mr Green's. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will

8、comeC. has been to; will be D. is going to; has come11. That day he ._ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washedB. washedC. had been washing D. was washed12. I haven't finished my composition.I _ for two hours and a half.A. have written it B. have been writing itC. wrote it D. am writti

9、ng it13. I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangHai,A. go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didn't sayB. couldn't speak toC. said D. didn't tell15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A. was bu

10、ilt B. built C. was set up D. had been built16. " When _ school begin?"" Next Monday. "A. has B. does C. did D. is going to17. I will _ here till you give me some money.A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return18. I _ here since I moved here.A. will work B. worked C. work D. have b

11、een working19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice.A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone20. It was said that his father _.A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died21. We won't go unless you _ soon.A. had come B. came C. will come D. come22._six years since I began studyin

12、g English.A. They have been B. it is C. It was D. There are23. They _ the Summer Palace three times.A. have gone toB. have been toC. have been inD. have gone into24. "How long haven't we seen each other? ""Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last. "A. is/have met B. was/ha

13、d met C. is/met D. has been/had met25. "Have you seen the art exhibition?" "No, _ there. "A. it was not being held B. they didn't holdC. it had not held D. they were holding it26. Don't get off the bus until it _.A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped27. "Whe

14、re _ the recorder? I can't see it anywhere." "I _ it right here. But now it's gone. "A. did you put/have put B. have you put/putC. had you put/was putting D. were you putting/have put28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drin

15、k.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoyingC. enjoyed D. had been enjoying29. Don't come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. came C. will come D. coming30. _ you _?A. Do/marry B. Have/marriedC. Have/been marriedD. Are/married31. When he _ all the newspapers, he'll go home.A. sells B. has

16、sold C. will have sold D. will be sold32. "This cloth _well and _ long. ""Ok. I'll take it. "A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting33. "Hurry up, you _ on the phone. " "Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. "A. are wanted B.

17、are being wanted C. want D. are wanting34. I _ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.A. had wanted toB. has wanted toC. wantedD. was wanted35. I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived36. By this time next year he _ from

18、the college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated D. is graduating37. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned38. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell/was ridingB. fell/were ridingC. had

19、fallen/rodeD. had fallen/was riding39. Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to beB. was about to beC. could beD. was to be40. It is high time you _ in bed now.A. are B. were C. will be D. would be41. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived atB. was arrived in C. was arrivedD. has

20、 been arrived42. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrive43._,that step is not safe!A. Look around B. Look upC. Look out D. Look down44. "Have you _ him to give up smoking?" "No. I _, but he wouldn't listen.&quo

21、t;A. persuaded/triedB. tried/persuadedC. tried/triedD. persuaded/persuaded45. The research laboratory is going to _ the new type of computer to use.A. take B. make C. put D. send46. I don't know when he _, but when he _, I'll let you know.A. will come/comesB. comes/will comeC. comes/comes D.

22、 will come/will come47. How much do you think that vase _?A. is cost B. used C. was paid for D. cost48. I _ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to look diffcult.A. hopeB. had hopedC. hopedD. am hoping49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”“Oh, how nice of you,

23、 I _ you _ to bring me a gift.”A. never think/are goingB. never thought/ were goingC. didnt think/ are goingD. hadnt thought/ were going50. Its a nice flat, but it _ a proper bathroom.A. havent gotB. hasnt gotC. wouldnt getD. doesnt have got51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _?A. hadnt she

24、B. didnt sheC. wouldnt sheD. wont she52. This liquid _ the salt at room temperature.A. became mixed withB. was mixed byC. mixes withD. has been mixing by動詞時態和語態(2)一、時態的呼應:在復合句,從句(主要是賓語從句)中的時態,常受主句謂語動詞的影響,這就叫做時態的呼應,時態的呼應一般有如下的情況。1、如果主句的謂語動詞為現在時態,其從句中的謂語動詞應該用什么時態就用什么時態,如:She knows you have been in Bei

25、jing for five rears.2、如果主句中的謂語動詞為過去時態,從句中的謂語動詞就要用過去時態,但要注意到下列情況:(1)如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作與主句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生,從句中須用一般過去時或過去進行時,如:She said she was busy then. (2)如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作發生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,從句中須用過去完成時,如:I didnt know that she had been to London twice. (3)如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作發生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之后,從句須用過去將來時,如:The

26、y didnt know when they would have a rest. (4)如果從句中說明的是一種普遍真理現象,雖然主句的謂語動詞為過去時態從句中仍要用一般現在時,如:When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. (5)如果從句中有表示具體過去時間的狀語,雖然其謂語動詞所表示的動作發生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,從句仍用一般過去時,但如果該狀語表示的時間不具體,則從句仍要用過去完成時,如:Tome said he was born in 1975.二、被動語態:英語動詞的語態有兩種:

27、主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者,在被動語態的句子中,動作的執行者,一般由介詞by引起的短語來表示,如:We often help them. (主動)我們常幫助他們。They are often helped by us.(被動)他們常被我們幫助。 1、被動語態各時態的形式是由助動詞be的各時態的形式加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。 2、被動語態八種時態的用法例句:被動語態常用的八種時態的基本用法和主動語態各時態的基本用法相同,只是句中的主語不是動作的執行者,而是動作的承受者,如:(1)一般現在時:Now English is taught in

28、all middle schools in our country. (2)一般過去時:The Great hall of the People was built in 1959. (3)一般將來時: When will the work be finished? (4)過去將來時:He told us that the work would be finished the next day. (5)現在進行時:Your tractor is being repaired now.(6)過去進行時:The child was being examined by the doctor when

29、 they came in. (7)現在完成時:The work hasnt been finished yet. (8)過去完成:The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began.3、在下列情況下,一般使用被動語態:(1)當不知道動作執行者是誰或沒有必要提到動作執行者時,如:Paper was first made in China. (2)當強調或突出動作承受者的作用時,如:The new machine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker.4、由主動語

30、態轉換為被動語態的幾種句型:(1)將一個句子由主動語態轉換為被動語態時,可按下列步驟進行:先將主動結構的賓語改為被動結構的主語;再將主動語態動詞改為被動語態動詞;最后在被動語態之后加介詞by,并將主動結構的主語放在by之后(經常被省略),構成介詞短語;由主動語態動詞改為被動語態動詞時,要注意被動語態動詞中助動詞be的各種形式變化,因為被動語態動詞的不同人稱和數是由助動詞be不同的形式來表示的,如:Trees are planted every spring.()如果主動語態動詞后又有直接賓語,又有間接賓語,一般是將間接賓語改為被動語態句中的主語,將直接賓語保留在原處。如將直接賓語改為被動語態句

31、中的主語,將間接賓語保留在原處時,一般要在間接賓語前加介詞to或 for,如:Grandma told me an interesting story last night.was told an interesting story last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night. ()主動語態中的賓語加帶有賓語補足語時,改為被動語態時,就將賓語改為主語,將賓補保留在原處,而成為被動語態句中主語的補足語了。賓補可以有下列幾種情況:賓補為動詞不定式,如:They asked her to sing a song. She w

32、as asked to sing a song. 在動詞make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后,不定式的to在主動語態里可要省略,而被動語態里不能省,如:Tom was seen to come out of the lab.賓補為分詞,如:They heard them singing at the time.They were heard singing at that time.賓補為形容詞、副詞、名詞或介詞短語,如:She kept me busy all the morning. I was kept busy all the morning.()如果主動

33、語態中的謂語動詞為短語動詞,改為被動語態時,要注意不要遺漏短語中的介詞或副詞,以保持短語動詞的完整性,如:She always takes good care of the children. The children are always taken good care of. ()含有情態動詞的動詞改為被動語態時是將情態動詞后面的動詞原形改為被動語態,因其前有情態動詞,所以構成被動語態的助動詞be就要使用原形,如:They must finish the work before Friday. The work must be finished before Friday.()be goi

34、ng to, be to, used to, have to和had better等結構,其作用相當于情態動詞或助動詞,在改為被動語態時,只需將后面的動詞原形改為被動語態即可,如:The are not going to put off the football match. The football match is not going to be put off.練習二、動詞時態與語態(2)53. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are h

35、olding D. will hold 54. I'm sorry, sir. Your recorder isn't ready yet. It _ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasn't repaired 55. Every possible means , but none prove successful. A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 56. _ th

36、at they can pass the written exam this time. A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. That hopes D. It hopes 57. My little sister has broken my watch.- My watch _ by my little sister. A. is broken B. has broken C. have been brokenD. has been broken58. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house. - H

37、is room _ by him when I entered the room. A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned59. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.- This novel _ reading (by me) by dinner time. A. will have finished . B. will has been finished C. will have being finish

38、ed D. will have been finished60. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. -These three rooms _ (by you). A. are oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept clean C. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean61. You are about to write a poem, aren't you?- A poem _ (by you), _ ? A. is ab

39、out to be written, aren't you B. is about to be writing, isnt it C. is about to be writing, aren't you D. is about to be written, isnt it62. She had better leave a note to him. - A note _ to him (by her). A. had better left B. had be better left C. had better be left D. had better been left6

40、3. He doesn't do his homework every day. - His homework _ by him every day. A. doesn't be doneB. aren't done C. don't be done D. isnt done64. We must take care of our parents when they are old. - Our parents _ when they are old. A. must be taken care B. must be took cars C. must take

41、 care of D. must be taken care of65. People look down upon him because he is a liar. - He _ because he is a liar. A. is looked down B. is looked down upon C. looks down upon D. looks down66. Father will give me a dictionary on my birthday. - A dictionary _ me by Father on my birthday. A. shall be gi

42、ven to B. will give C. shall give to D. will be giving to67. We elected her leader.- She by us. A. is elected leader B. was leader elected C. was elected leader D. leader was elected68. - People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes.- Why are all of the_? A. grey painted mailbox

43、esB. mailboxes grey painted C. mailboxes painted greyD. painted grey mailboxes69. I saw him enter the room.- He _ the room. A. is seen enter B. is seen to enter C. was seen to enter D. was seen enter 70. The question asked by him is hard _ . A. to answer B. to be answered C. to be answering D. for a

44、nswer 71. How sweet the music _! A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is sounded to be D. sounds 72. In warm weather fruit and meat _ long. A. don't keep B. cannot be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping 73. He received a telegram _ "Mother Sick." A. written B. said C. reading D. writin

45、g 74. The classroom _ 30 feet long. A. measures B. is measured C. has D. has length 75. Do you remember _ ? A. how it is done B. it how to be done C. How is it done by D. how to do 76. to have been rich. A. They say B. It is said C. He is said D. That was said 77. Mathematics is difficult _. A. to l

46、earn B. for learning C. to be learned D. of learning78. My hair is so long that I must go to a barber's shop and_. A. have to cut it B. have it cut C. get it to be cut D. to cut it79. The pencil _ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing80. - I can't see the blackboard very we

47、ll. - Perhaps you need _. A. to examine your eyes B. to have your eyes examined C. to have examined your eyes D. to be examined your eyes81. - Where is the coffee table? - Tom just had it _ away. A. move B. moving C. moved D. moves82. Good medicine _ to the mouth. A. tastes bitter B. tastes bitterly C. is tasted bitter D. is tasted bitterly83. Which girl won the prize?_ A.

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