呼吸系統(tǒng)—全英_第1頁
呼吸系統(tǒng)—全英_第2頁
呼吸系統(tǒng)—全英_第3頁
呼吸系統(tǒng)—全英_第4頁
呼吸系統(tǒng)—全英_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩22頁未讀 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、Respiratory systemThe respiratory systemnose pharynxlarynxupper respiratory tractlower respiratory tracttracheaprincipal bronchibranchesof principalbronchi1. respiratory tract2. lung/pulmoThe external noseNasal root Nasal backApex of noseAlae nasiNares Cartilages Section 1 The NoseExternal noseRoot

2、of noseBack of noseApex of noseAlae nasiNares Nasal cavityLeft nasal cavityReft nasal cavityNasal septumParanasal sinusesFrontal sinusesMaxillary sinuses Ethmoidal sinusesSphenoidal sinusesSection 1 The NoseExternal noseRoot of noseBack of noseApex of noseAlae nasiNares Nasal cavityLeft nasal cavity

3、Reft nasal cavityNasal septumParanasal sinusesFrontal sinusesMaxillary sinuses Ethmoidal sinusesSphenoidal sinusesSection 1 The NoseExternal noseRoot of noseBack of noseApex of noseAlae nasiNares Nasal cavityLeft nasal cavityRight nasal cavityNasal septumParanasal sinusesFrontal sinusesMaxillary sin

4、uses Ethmoidal sinusesSphenoidal sinusesRespiratory regionOlfactory regionPerpendicular plate of ethmoid boneNasal boneSeptal cartilageVomer Nasal cavityThe partnasal vestibule lined by skinproper nasal cavity lined by mucosa.The mucosa has two region: olfectory region and respiratory region.The med

5、ial wall: Nasal septumThe lateral wall: Superior, middle ,inferior nasal concha Superior, middle ,inferior nasal meatusThe paranasal sinuses are some air spaces lying in the bone around the nasal cavity.frontal sinusmaxillary sinusethmoidal sinusanterior groupmiddle groupposterior groupsphenoidal si

6、nusmiddle nasal meatussuperior nasal meatussphenoethmoidal recessThe place of the oppenings of paranasal sinuses. The paranasal sinuses are some air spaces lying in the bone around the nasal cavity.frontal sinusmaxillary sinusethmoidal sinusanterior groupmiddle groupposterior groupsphenoidal sinusmi

7、ddle nasal meatussuperior nasal meatussphenoethmoidal recessThe place of the openings of paranasal sinuses. Frontal sinusSphenoethmoidal recess Frontal sinusSection 2 The larynxLaryngeal cartilagesLaryngeal jointsLaryngeal musclesLaryngeal cavity2. The composition1. The position and relationThe sagi

8、ttal section of the skull and necklarynxthyroid cartilage 1cricoid cartilage 1epiglottic cartilage 1arytenoid cartilage 21. Laryngeal cartilagesConus elasticusVocal ligamentConus elasticusVocal ligamentquadrangular membrane vestibular ligament Epiglottic cartilageHyoid boneThyrohyoid membrane Thyroi

9、d cartilageArytenoid cartilageCricoarytenoid jointCricothyroid jointLamina of cricoid cartilageTracheal cartilageAnnular lig.The laryngeal cavity and joint2. The laryngeal jointsThyrohyoid membraneCricothyroid jointQuadrangular membraneConus elasticusCricoarytenoid jointCricotracheal membraneConus e

10、lasticus extend upward from the cricoid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages and the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage. Vocal ligament is the superior of the conus elasticus.Vocal fold is the mucosa covering the vocal ligament.Transverse arytenoidPosterior cricoarytenoidOblique arytenoidcr

11、icothyroidThyroarytenoid Lateral cricoarytenoid3. The muscle of larynxCrinothyroidPosterior cricoarytenoidTransverse arytenoidOblique arytenoidThyroarytenoid Posterior cricoarytenoid can open the glottis.Transverse arytenoid and oblique arytenoid close the glottis.Posterior cricoarytenoid and crinot

12、hyroid can tense and lenghten the vocal fold.Thyroarytenoid can relax and shorten the vocal fold.The fissure glottisConus elasticusLaryngeal vestibuleRima vestibuliVestibular foldVentricle of larynxVocal foldFissure of glottisInfraglottic cavityTracheal cavityEpiglottisAperture of larynxAryepiglotti

13、c foldInterarytenoid notchOblique arytenoidTransverse arytenoidThyroid cartilagePosterior cricoarytenoidCricothyroid jointCricoid cartilageTracheal cartilage4. The laryngeal cavityThe inlet: aperture larynxThe mucous fold The partsThe vestibular foldsThe vocal foldThe laryngeal vestibuleThe intermed

14、ial cavity of larynxThe infraglottic cavityThe fissure glottisSection 3 The trachea and bronchi1. The tracheaThe composition: The tracheal cartilages, smooth muscle, connective tissue and epithelium.The position of the bifurcation of trachea:the sternal angle or the lower border of the fourth thorac

15、ic vertebraThe carina of trachea:2. The bronchiPrincipal bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles.The carina of tracheaR principal bronchusLarynx TracheaL principal bronchusBifurcationLarynx Trachea Right principal bronchusSuperior lobar bronchusMiddle lobar br

16、onchusInferior lobar bronchusBifurcation of traceaLeft principal bronchusSup. lobar bronchusInf. lobar bronchusSection 3 The trachea and bronchi1. The tracheaThe composition:The position of the bifurcation of trachea:carina of trachea:2. The bronchiPrincipal bronchi lobar bronchi segmental bronchi b

17、ronchioles terminal bronchioles.The differences of right and left principal bronchus: shorter, wider, more verticalApex of lungOblique fissurePulmonary a.left principal bronchus Posterior borderRight inf. pulmonary v. inferior lobeHilum of lungSuperior pulmonary v.Superior lobeCardiac impressionCard

18、iac notchOblique fissure base of lungMedial surface of left lungApex of lungSuperior lobar bronchusRight principal bronchus Posterior borderRight inf. pulmonary v. inferior lobe Pulmonary a. Hilum of lungSuperior pulmonary v.Superior lobeHorizontal fissureOblique fissureMiddle lobe base of lungMedia

19、l surface of right lungLarynxtracheaApex Superior lobe cardiac notch oblique fissure inferior lobeApex Superior lobeCostal surfaceAnterior borderHorizontal fissureOblique fissureMiddle lobeInferior lobemedial surfaceInferior borderSection 4 lung/pulmo1. The external features Apex Base or diaphragmat

20、ic suface Two surface: costal and medial surfaceThree border:Hilum of lung Root of lung: The bronchi, pulmonary artery and veins, nerves, bronchial vessels, lymphatics and lyph nodesLarynxtracheaApex Superior lobe cardiac notch oblique fissure inferior lobeApex Superior lobeCostal surfaceAnterior bo

21、rderHorizontal fissureOblique fissureMiddle lobeInferior lobemedial surfaceInferior border2. The lobeoblique fissurehorizontal fissureRight lungLeft lungSuperior lobeMiddle lobe Inferior lobeSuperior lobeInferior lobeoblique fissure3. The situation of lungs4. The bronchopulmonary segments4. The bron

22、chopulmonary segmentsSection 5 The pleura1. The partsParietal pleuraVisceral pleuraCostal pleuraDiaphrgmatic pleuraMediastinal pleuraCupula of pleura2. The pleural cavity and thoracic cavity3. The pleural recess:costodiaphragmatic recess 4. The projection of inferior margins of lungs and pleuraThe i

23、nferior margins of lungs and pleura :inferior margin of lungsinferior margin of pleuramidclavicular linemidaxillary linescapular line6th rib10th rib8th rib8th rib11th rib10th ribSernal angleAnterior mediastinumMiddle mediastinumHeart Diaphragm Posterior mediatinumSuperior mediatinumSection 6 The mid

24、iastinumSuperior mediastinumInferior mediastinumanterior mediastinummiddle mediastinumposterior mediastinumThe subsection:Sum up the main point of respiratory system1. The respiratory system includes respiratory tract and pulmo. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, pharynx, larynx; and the

25、 trachea, principal bronchi with their branches belong to the lower tract. The primary function of this system is to supply the body with oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. 2. The nose includes the external nose, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Each nasal cavity is divided into nasal vestibul

26、e and proper nasal cavity. The nasal vestibule is lined by skin, and the proper nasal cavity by mucous membrane. According to the function ,the mucous membrane is divided into two parts: olfectory and respiratory region.The paranasal sinuses includes the frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal and sphenoidal

27、sinus. They all communicate with nasal cavity. The frontal, maxillary, the anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses open into the middle nasal meatuses; and the posterior ethmoidal sinus into the upper nasal meatus; and the sphenoidal sinus into the sphenoethmoidal recess. The positions of the opening

28、the maxillary sinuses are higher than its floor.3. The larynx consist of a framework of cartilages that connected together by ligament, membrane and joint. There are five cartilages: one thyroid, one cricoid, one epigrottic, and a pair arytenoid cartilage. The laryngeal cavity may be divided into th

29、ree parts by the vestibular folds and the vocal folds: the laryngeal vestibule, the intermedial cavity of larynx and the infraglottic cavity.Here, there are several names we must memorize:The conus elasticus: the membrane between the upper of the cricoid cartilage, the posterior of the thyroid carti

30、lage, and arytenoid cartilage.The vocal ligament: the upper of the conus elasticus between the thyroid cartilage and the vocal projection of the arytenoid cartilage.The vocal fold: the mucosa covering the surface of the vocal ligament and the arytenoid cartilage.The fissure of glottis: the between t

31、he right and left vocal folds.The glottis: consists of the vocal folds and the fissure of glottis.4. Trachea and bronchi are all composed of C-shaped ring of cartilages, smooth muscle and connective tissue. The lower end of the trachea is called the bifurcation. There is a carina of trachea on the i

32、nner surface of the bifurcation. The carina of trachea is the marker to guide the bronchoscope to the left or right bronchus.The right principal bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical in position than the left.5. The lung/ pulmo is respiratory organ. The lung/ pulmo is conical and has an apex

33、, a base, two surfaces and three borders. The apex of the lung extends to about 23 cm above the level of the medial one-third of the clavicle.The left pulmo is divided into superior and inferior lobes by oblique fissure; and the right pulmo is divided into superior, middle and inferior lobes by obli

34、que and horizontal fissuresThe branches of the bronchi in the lungs: principal bronchus lobar bronchi segmental bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles.A bronchopulmonary segment: a unit of lung tissue, where the branches / ramifications of a segmental bronchus distributes to. There are 10 segments on each side lung.6. The pleura are serous membra

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評論

0/150

提交評論