1、初三上學期期末考試復習之一 -語法 時態英語共有十六種時態，其表現形式如下(以study為例)一般時       進行時           完成時           完成進行時 現在 study     be studying      

2、;   have studied          have been studying過去 studied     be studying         had studied       had been studying將來 will study  will be studying 

3、;    will have studied     will have been studying過去將來would study  would be studying  would have studied    would have been studying時態tense是表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當我們說時態結構的時候，指的是相應時態下的動詞形式。1. 一般現在時英語時態分為16種：一般現在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時，以及這四者的進行

4、時、完成時和完成進行時。但在正中考中只掌握七種用法：a) 表示現在發生的動作、情況、狀態和特征。b) 習慣用語。c) 經常性、習慣性動作。he always helps others. 2. 現在進行時(be doing)用法：現在正在進行的動作。3. 現在完成時(have done)用法：a) 表示動作到現在為止已經完成或剛剛完成。i bought a new house, but i _ my old one yet, so at the moment i have two houses.a) didn't sell b) sold c) haven't sold d) w

5、ould sellb) 表示從過去某時刻開始，持續到現在的動作或情況，并且有可能會繼續延續下去。此時經常用延續性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點，或for加一段時間，或by加一個現在時間。great as newton was, many of his ideas _ today and    are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.a) are to challenge c) have been challengedb) may be challenged d) a

6、re challengingc) 表示發生在過去，但對現在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點動詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。 john has broken his left leg.考前須知：a) 現在完成時是聯系過去和現在的紐帶。現在完成時和過去時的區別在于：現在完成時強調動作的動態，或受動態的影響，是動態的結果，對現在有影響；過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發生的動作，與現在沒有聯系。he worked in that hospital for 8 years.=he has worked in that hospital for 8 years.

7、b) 因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時，有動態和延續性的特點，所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。my sister has been married for 5 years.過去分詞做表語表示狀態，可以延續my sister has married. don't disturb her.終端動詞c) 在"this is the first/ second/ third time that"句型里要求用完成時。this is the second time that the products of our company have

8、been shown in the international exhibition.d) 句型"it is/ has beensince"所使用的兩種時態都正確。it is/ has been 10 years since i last saw him.從我上次見到他以來已經10年了。e) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成時。i haven't met that profes

9、sor prior to today.以前我從未見過那位教授。4. 一般過去時用法：a) 表示過去某個時間發生的動作或情況。b) 表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達的句型，本身表示的   就是過去時。the old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.考前須知：a) 注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組，如：ye

10、sterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因為這樣的時間狀語都與現在有關系，應該用現在完成時或一般現在時。5. 過去完成時(had done)用法：表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經發生的動作或已經存在的狀態。就是我們常說的：表示"過去的過去的動作或狀態"。until then, his family _ from him for six months.a) didn't hear c) hasn't heard

11、 b) hasn't been hearing d) hadn't heard考前須知：“過去的過去這種邏輯關系常通過上下文表達出來，而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。there had been some one in our room just now, because i noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.剛剛有人在我們的房間里，6. 過去進行時(was/ were doing)用法：a) 表示在過去一個比擬具體的時間正在發生的動作。mary was liste

12、ning to light music 10 minutes ago.b) 如果when, while這樣的時間狀語引導詞所引導的主從句之一是一般過去時，那么另一個句子常用過去進行時。i was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.7. 一般將來時用法：a) 根本結構是will / shall dowe shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.b) 有些動詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have,

13、leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進行時，并且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用，可以表示將來時。my mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until may.c) 表示“打算去，要時，可用be going to do。this is just what i am going to say.d) 表示“即將、正要時，可用be about to do。強調近期內或馬上要做的事。don't worry, i am about to make

14、 a close examination on you.e) "be to do" 表示“按方案、安排即將發生某事或打算做某事。she is to be seen in the lab on monday. practise；1. he _a letter at nine last night.a. is writing b. was writing c. wrote d. is writing2. i left my pen on the desk and now its gone; who _ it? a. took b. has taken c. will take

15、d. had taken 3. look at those clouds. it _ soon, i'm afraid.a. is going to rain b. is raining c. will rain d. won't rain4. by the end of last term, we_over two thousand new words. a. learned b. have learned c. will learn d. had learned5. .the old man _ in this house since 1949.a. has lived b

16、.had lived c.is living d. lives6. he _ to do his lessons at eight every evening.a. is beginning b. is beginning c. begin d. begins7. we _ for tom at ten last sunday. he often kept us _.a. were waiting; waiting b. were waiting ; wait c. waited ; waiting d. waited ; wait8.he _a model plane when i came

17、 to see him. a. makes b. is making c. was making d. made9. what did you think of act i of the play last night? im sorry. the play _ when i got there.a. had been started b. had been on for half an hour c. was to start d. had begun for half an hour10. when i called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. where _? a. did you go b. have you gonec. were you d. had you been 11. why do you look worried?fred left the company half an hour ago. his work _ unfinished since.a. left b. was left c. has left d. has been left12. why werent you