1、Unit 3The Million Pound Bank Note 問題三：詞義猜測和細節理解類常見問題高考閱讀理解中比重最大也是比較基礎的題型就是詞義猜測和細節理解題，這類題是考生爭取的重點，它要求考生快速而準確地獲取信息，從而拿到最基本的分數。考生最常見的問題就是見到生單詞就頭腦發蒙，無法從已知信息中找到有用的線索，從而造成失分。因為本節內容較重要，所以我用較多篇幅來講解一下。例題精析【例1】 (2009·廣東卷B篇)We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certai

2、n colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured_up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that tendollar grand prize，each and every one of us. Im going to spend mine on cand

3、ies，one hopeful would announce，while another practiced looking serious，wise and rich. (A)The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 most probably means _. Aformed an idea for Bmade an outline forCmade some space for Dchose some colors for【答案解析】 選擇A。詞義猜測題。上下句是Some.Others.句子，while we conjured up our designs

4、的對應部分是while deep in thought，可見conjured up的意思是“思考，想象”，所以A項正確。【例2】 (2009·全國卷A篇)I know what youre thinking: pizza(比薩餅)? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last nights leftovers in the am. if you want to.(A)The word “leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means _Afood remaining after a m

5、eal Bthings left undoneCmeals made of vegetables Dpizza topped with fruit【答案解析】 選擇A。詞義猜測題。根據畫線單詞之前的last nights可以猜測劃線單詞的意思應為“(前一天晚上的)剩飯”。【例3】 (2008·陜西卷A篇)There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally g

6、ot back, our_legs_were_like_jelly.(A)The underlined expression “Our legs were like jelly” probably means _.Awe were weak Bwe were unhappy Cwe were dissatisfied Dwe were disappointed【答案解析】 詞義猜測題。根據There was no shade and our legs were aching可知“我們很累很虛弱”，故A項正確。【例4】 (2008·重慶卷A篇)I arrived at my mothe

7、rs home for our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mother was pulling out quilt(被子) after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was perparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church. When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I no

8、ticed something at the bottom of on box. I pulled it out. “What is this？” I asked.“Oh？”Mom said, “Thats Mamas quilt.” I spread the quilt. It looked at if a group of school children had pieced it together: irrugular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.(C)1.Why did the author go to

9、 mothers home?ATo see her mothers quilts BTo help prepare for a showCTo get together for the family dinner DTo discuss her grandmothers life(C)2.The underlined word “crooked” in the passage most probably means _. Aunfinished Bbroken Cbent Dunusual【答案解析】1細節理解題。由文章的第一句可知作者回母親家是為了參加家庭聚餐，故C項正確。2詞義猜測題。前面

10、的情況都與一條好的quilt的特點相反，所以crooked的意思應該和其相反，故C項正確。【例5】 (2008·安徽卷C篇)How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness (保護帶) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you dont fall. A beginners wall is usually abou

11、t 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes its easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, its not. The most difficult is to control your fear. Its normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so its diffic

12、ult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.Climbing attracts people because its good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This spo

13、rt gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.(B)1.The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _.Ato tie ropes to your Bto control your fearCto move away from the wall Dto climb straight up(B)2.The word “workout” underlined in the last

14、 paragraph most probably means _.Asettlement Bexercise Cexcitement Dtiredness【答案解析】1選擇B。細節理解題。根據its difficult not to feel fear可知，人們在攀墻時很難控制自己的恐懼。2選擇B。詞義猜測題。第二段第一句中exercise點明本詞意義，這種運動給你身體完全的鍛煉。解決方案與指南閱讀理解中詞義猜測題和細節理解題出題知識分類總結如下：1.詞義猜測題(1)常用提問方式According to the passage, probably means _The author uses

15、the word to mean _What does the underlined word refer to?The word (phrase, clause，.). refers to (most probable means)._What does the word.in Para.stand for?What does the writer mean when he says，“.”？Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word.as it is used in the text?Which of the f

16、ollowing is the closest in meaning to the word.?(2)解題方法猜詞是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構詞、語法、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、上下文等線索確定詞義。利用定義如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子給予annealing以明確的定義，即“退火”。It will be

17、 very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily.從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定語從句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。結合同位如：They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位語部分a large b

18、uilding in old times給出了castle的確切詞義，即“城堡”。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 am.this week.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。前后對比She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一詞表轉折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一節上了一半才來”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向“準時”的結

19、論。巧借構詞(前綴、后綴、復合、派生等)Perhaps, we can, see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞，據此可以判斷possibility意思是“可能性”。聯系因果The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.從后面的結

20、果“永遠不能再運動”中，可以推測permanent的意思為“永遠的，永久的”。2細節理解題文章絕不是互不相干的句子雜亂無章地堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循。如記敘文多以人物為中心，以時間或空間為線索，按事件的發生、發展、結局展開故事；論述體則包含論點、論據、結論三大要素，通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點。你可根據文章的特點，詳讀細節，以動詞、時間、地點、事件、因果等為線索，找出關鍵詞語，從而得出答案。(1)常用提問方式In the passage, which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned?It is commonly accepted that.All the statements are true EXCEPT _.Choose the right order of