1、高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)冀教版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)過程一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的根本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為八種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：1am/is/are +done 過去分詞 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例all the preparations for the task have been completed, and were re

2、ady to start.3am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)例a new cinema is being built here. 4was/were done 一般過去時(shí)例i was given ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer.5had been done 過去完成時(shí)例by the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in beijing.6was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)例a meeting

3、was being held when i was there.7shall/will be done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)例hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8should/would be done 過去將來(lái)時(shí)例the news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式 1帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞。 例the baby should be taken good care of by the baby-

4、sitter. 2 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保存在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。 例his mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 he was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。 例someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為the boy was caught smo

5、king a cigarette. 4在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例1someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為a stranger was seen to walk into the building.2the teacher made me go out of the classroom.i was made to go out of the cl

6、assroom by the teacher.3we saw him play football on the playground. he was seen to play football on the playground5有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞介詞，“動(dòng)詞副詞等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例1the meeting is to be put off till friday.2all the rubbish should be got rid of.3this is a photo of the power stat

7、ion that has been set up in my hometown. 4my sister will be taken care of by grandma. 5such a thing has never been heard of before非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v. +ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài) 。例i dont like being laughed at in the public.三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1. 英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，wri

8、te，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)的特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)的屬性特征 + 副詞 well /badly /easily /smoothly。 read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, eat, lock. 例 this kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)那么強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。 試比擬：the door wont lock. 指門本身有毛病 the door wont be locked. 指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門,

9、指“門沒有鎖是人的原因 2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例 how do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何印出來(lái)的呢？ 3. 系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 。結(jié)構(gòu)：表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞+adj./n.。 l

10、ook ,sound ,feel ,smell ,taste, prove ,make 例your reason sounds reasonable.四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 。1. 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 例the house needs repairingto be repaired. 這房子需要修理。 2. 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例the

11、 picture-book is well worth reading. the picture-book is very worthy to be read. 3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 例 i have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與i是主謂關(guān)系。 試比擬：ill go to the post office. do you have a letter to be posted? 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作

12、定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 4. 在某些“形容詞不定式做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 例this problem is difficult to work out .可看作to work out省略了for me. 5. 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例this book is too expensi

13、ve for me to buy. 6. 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在物。 例there is no time to loseto be lost. 用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰(shuí) lost time不明確。 7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng), 被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語(yǔ)的影響,以下動(dòng)詞rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例 who is to blame for starting the fir

14、e?五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當(dāng)“be+過去分詞作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過去分詞是表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分方法如下： 1. 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，否那么為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 例the glass is broken. 系表結(jié)構(gòu) the glass was broken by the boy. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 2. 如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例the door is locked. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)the door has already/just been locked. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

15、3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。 例 the machine is being repaired. 六、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與高考試題賞析 1. 高考對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查例析 1in some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. nmet1993a. is servingb. is servedc. servesd. served解析：b 因?yàn)閟erve是及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作承受者tea作主語(yǔ)，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2this is teds p

16、hoto. we miss him a lot. he _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.nmeta. killedb. is killedc. was killed d. was killing解析：ted是kill的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且ted救人發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 3 have you moved into the new house? not yet, the rooms _. nmet1991 a. are being paintedb. are paintingc. are paintedd. are bei

17、ng painting解析：a “house和“paint應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除b，d。后者未搬進(jìn)新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，排除c。4 when and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. 春a. are not decidedb. have not been decidedc. is not being decided d. has not been decided解析：d decide是及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以decide要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。從

18、題干的語(yǔ)境和關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不定式做主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5the manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.春a. was bookedb. had been bookedc. were booked d. have been booked解析：b 句中tickets是book訂票的承受者，主謂為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在entered the office這個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前，所以要用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2. 高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

19、語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。1having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. nmeta. to seeb. to be seenc. seeingd. seen解析：b 根據(jù)題意，那對(duì)老夫婦是否到國(guó)外旅行是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉c、d兩項(xiàng)；又因remains的邏輯主語(yǔ)it是動(dòng)詞see，表示動(dòng)作的承受者，即“到國(guó)外旅

20、行這件事，這件事有待于“被決定，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。2while shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. 1996a. to persuadedb. persuadingc. being persuaded d. be persuaded解析：c cant help doing “禁不住做某事，排除a和d；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說(shuō)購(gòu)物的，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3i feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.

21、 a. is to blameb. is going to blamec. is to be blamed d. should blame解析：a feel的賓語(yǔ)從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場(chǎng)合可用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如to blame， to let等。3. correct the mistakes in each sentence if any:1two boys hurt while playing a ball. were hurt2the singer lived in london until he was sending to university.

22、was sent3how long do you think the meeting will be lasted?will last4a fire was broken out last night. broke out5he had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before. had been damaged6the large building that is now built will be a hospital. is now being built7class is begun

23、 at 7:30 every day. begins8his plan is sounded good. sounds9your coat needs being washed. to be washed / washing 【模擬試題】 1. if city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner. a. are not kept；will have tob. are not kept；havec. do not keep；will have tod. do not keep；have to 2.

24、the fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.a. developedb. have developedc. are being developedd. will have been developed 3. _ the sports meet might be put off. yes, it all depends on the weather. a. ive been toldb. ive toldc. im toldd. i told 4. i need one

25、more stamp before my collection _.a. has completedb. completesc. has been completedd. is completed 5. rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.a. cutb. are cutc. are being cutd. had been cut 6. the new suspension bridge _ by the end of last

26、month.a. has been designedb. had been designedc. was designedd. would be designed 7. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.a. breaksb. has brokenc. was brokend. had been broken 8. great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.a. have been taken place; have been set

27、 upb. have taken place; have been set upc. have taken place; have set upd. were taken place; were set up 9. that suit _ over 60 dollars. a. had costedb. costedc. is costedd. cost 10. look! everything here is under construction. whats the pretty small house that _ for?a. is being builtb. has been bui

28、ltc. is builtd. is building 11. do you like the material? yes, it _ very soft.a. is feelingb. feltc. feelsd. is felt 12. it is difficult for a foreigner _ chinese. a. writeb. to writec. to be writtend. written 13. i have no more letters _ ，thank you. a. to typeb. typingc. to be typedd. typed 14. tak

29、e care! dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.a. wont wash outb. wont be washed outc. isnt washed outd. isnt washing out 15. nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.a. be put upb. give inc. be turned ond. go out 16. the computers on the table _ professor smith.a. belongsb. are belonged toc. belongs tod. belong to 17. what do you think of the book? oh, exc