1、高一牛津上Unit 5知識點梳理一必知考點牛津版高一（上）Unit 5. Words 單詞 詞性 中文 詞組1. _ _ 牛排2. _ _ 聽起來好像 sound + a. 聽起來. (_: 聽起來有點道理)3. _ _ 素食者 _ a.:素食的 _: 蔬菜4. _ _ 影響 _ n.:影響，作用5. _ _ 航天員 _: 航天學，太空飛行學6. _ _ 聚集 _ n.: 人群7. _ _ 極小的8. _ _ 胡椒粉9. _ _ 種植 _ n.:種植，生長10. _ _ 牛 _: 公牛；_: 母牛；11. _ _ 食欲 _.:對的愿望，欲望 _:學習的強烈愿望12. _ _ 包含 13. _

2、_ 維生素14. _ _ 礦物質15. _ _ 殺蟲劑，農藥 icide: （后綴）殺 _: 殺蟲劑16. _ _ 來源17. _ _ 精力，活力 _: 精力充沛的18. _ _ 多種多樣 _: 多種多樣的；_: a. 多種多樣的19. _ _ 建議 _; _; _建議某人做某事20. _ 干酪漢堡包 _: n. 漢堡包21. _ _ 奶昔22. _ _ 增加 _: v. 減少23. _ _ 聰穎的，有才智的 _: n. 聰明，才智. Phrases1. _ 烤雜排，烤什錦2. _ 豬排3. _ 代替4. _ 心臟病發作5. _ 選定6. _ 區分7. _ 一點，少量8. _ 生病9. _ 失

3、去胃口10. _ 順便說一下11. _ 均衡的飲食12. _ 缺少13. _ 另一方面14. _ .的風險15. _ 全麥. Sentence pattern（1） You are always influenced by these programmes.（2） Here is my mixed grill.（3） By the way, can you pass the pepper?（4） What is your opinion?. Grammar情態動詞have to, must, should, ought to 的用法二核心詞匯講解1. sound V聽起來好像 ·Hi

4、s ideas sounded great他的主意聽起來不錯。 【拓展】n聲音 ·They heard strange sounds from the next flat他們聽到隔壁的公寓里有一些奇怪的聲音。 2. influence V影響 ·His decision to study physics in university was influenced by his Physics teacher·他的物理老師對他決定在大學里學習物理起了影響作用。 【拓展】幾影響 【必背】have influence onupon對有影響 ·Her friend

5、s' words have a great influence on her behaviours她朋友的話對她的行為有很大的影響。 3. crowd V聚集 ·Shoppers crowded into the store買東西的人涌人商店。 【必背】 be crowded with擠滿了 ·The bus is crowded with passengers公交車上擠滿了乘客。 【拓展】n人群 ·A big crowd gathered on the road馬路上聚集了一大群人。 4. grow vi. 生長, 成長, 漸漸變得, 增長, 增高 vt

6、. 種植, 栽培, 培育 This farm grows mainly flowers and vegetables. Babies grow very quickly. grow angry; _ grow closer_5. instead of adv. 而不是. instead 而是 How about reading more books instead of watching TV? If there is no coal, oil can be used instead.6. cattle 牛, 家養牲畜 pl. n.（復數名詞） a herd of cattle 一群牛five

7、 head of cattle 五頭牛 Make sure all the cattle are safely locked up.7. contain V包含 ·Beer contains alcoho1啤酒含有酒精。【拓展】辨析contain、hold和accommodate 這三個詞都含有“包含”、“容納”的意思。但是contain著重“其中確實包含有”，hold指“能容納”，accommodate指“為(某人)提供住宿”。 ·The bottle contains water這個瓶子里有水。 ·The house can hold 20 people這房子

8、能住下20個人。 ·This hotel can accommodate 1 00 guests這座旅館可以接納1 00位賓客。container n容器；集裝箱8. advise V建議 【必背】 advise somebody to do something建議某人做某事 advise doing something建議做某事 advise somebody on something向某人提供關于的建議 ·The manager advised them to carry out the project as soon as possible經理建議他們盡早實施這個項目

9、。 ·He advises thinking carefully before making the final decision他建議在作最終決定前要仔細考慮。 ·The teacher advised the students on how to write term essays老師教學生們如何寫學期論文。 【拓展】 n意見；勸告 【必背】take ones advice聽從某人的勸告 ·You should take others friendly advice你應該聽從別人友好的勸告。 adviser 顧問 ·Her mother works

10、as an adviser她母親的工作是顧問。9. increase V增加 ·The village is increasing fast in population這座村莊的人口在迅速增長。 【拓展】n增加；增長 ·Because of excel lent performance last year，he has received an increase in salary 由于去年有出色的表現，他獲得了提薪。 【注意】 increase的反義詞是decrease。·The number of the club members decreased from

11、1，000 to 200這家俱樂部的會員人數從1 000人減少到200人。 ·A big decrease in sales caused the bookstore to close銷售量大減使這家書店關門了。10. decide on 就做出決定, 決定要 Peter decided on a blue sweater. 彼得選定了一件藍色的運動衫. We decide on blue paint for the bedroom.11. tell from 辨別 Can you tell her from her twin sister? 你能將她和她的孿生姐妹分開嗎? How

12、can we tell the good from the bad? _12. variety多種多樣 【必背】a variety of多種多樣的 ·The shop has a variety of children clothes. 這家小店有各種各樣的兒童服裝。 【拓展】 變化；多樣化 ·Her essay lacks variety她寫的文章缺乏變化。 various adj各種各樣的 ·The store sells various kinds of toys這家小店出售各種各樣的玩具。13intelligent adj聰穎的；有才智的 ·He

13、r son is very intelligent她的兒子非常聰明。 【拓展】 intelligence n聰明；智力；情報 ·She asked her son to solve the problem by using his own intelligence 她讓兒子自己動腦筋去解決這個問題。 ·He used to be an officer in intelligence他過去曾是一名情報官員。 14. energy門精力；活力 ·He is a person full of energy他是一個充滿活力的人。 【拓展】 能量；能源·He is

14、 interested in studying machines operated by solar energy他對研究由太陽能運行的機器感興趣。 ·Oil is a precious source of energy石油是一種寶貴的能源。 energetic adj精力充沛的 ·After a long flight，he still appeared energetic在長途飛行后，他仍然顯得精力充沛。15.appetite，食欲 ·Proper exercising will increase ones appetite for food適當的運動會增進一

15、個人的食欲。 【拓展】n強烈欲望 【必背】 have an appetite for喜歡；愛好 ·He has an appetite for oilpainting他非常喜歡油畫。16. vegetarian n素食者 ·She turned from a meateater to a vegetarian她從一個肉食者變成了一個素食者。 【拓展】 adj素食者的 ·He opened a vegetarian restaurant他開了一家素食餐館。 vegetarianism n素食主義 vegetable n蔬菜 ·Vegetables are

16、good to our health蔬菜對我們的健康有益。活學活用A. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.astronautinfluenceappetitetinyvegetariancontainpesticideincreasevarietysource1. My Physics teacher _my decision to study science.2. The baby has a good _ ; so it can e

17、at a lot.3. The album _ many memorable songs.4. His employer has _his wages.5. The farmer plans to spray(噴撒) the_ on the fruit trees tomorrow.6. There're three_ in the spacecraft.7. This shop sells a _of toys.8 Where is the _ of the Nile.9. She became a strict _ two years ago because she thought

18、 herself too fat.10. The baby put its _ hand in mine. B. translation1. 這個演講包括一些有趣的思想。（contain）_2. 他過去住在這里，但現在不再住在這里了。（no more）_3. 這輛公共汽車里擠滿了乘客。（crowd）_4. 我的胃空空的，卻沒有食欲。（appetite）_5.順便問一下，你能在去超市的路上幫我買本雜志嗎？（way）_6. 我可以不喝茶，而喝咖啡嗎？（instead of ）_7. 你的建議聽起來很可行。（sound）_8. 農民應該保護羊不被狼吃掉。（ought to ）_9. 這家新超市經營得

19、非常成功，這使得附近的一些小店不得不停業。（have to）_10. 他們不僅影響了我們這一代，而且會影響到子孫后代。(influence)_ Keys:Unit 5 Think before you eatA. 1. influenced 2. appetite 3. contains 4. increased 5. pesticide 6. astronauts 7. variety 8. source 9. vegetarian 10. tinyB. 1. The speech contained some interesting ideas.2. He used to live her

20、e, but he no more lives here now.3. The bus was awfully crowded with passengers.4. My stomach is empty but I have no appetite.5. By the way, can you buy me a magazine on your way to the supermarket?6. Can I drink beer instead of tea?7. Your proposal sounds quite feasible.8. Farmers ought to protect

21、the sheep from wolves.9. The new supermarket has been so successful that some small shop have to close down.10. Not only have they influenced our generation but they will also influence generations to come.三Grammar: Model verb 1. must必須，應當You must get to the airport before nine o'clock.Your home

22、work must be clear and complete. He must be in the reading room now. 他現在準是在閱覽室。（表示說話人對事物的推測）She must be writing a letter to her mother. 她現在一定在給她媽媽寫信。（must加動詞不定式進行時也可表示對現在發生的動作的推測，表示“一定”或“準是”的意思。）The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 馬路濕了，昨晚一定下雨了。（must加動詞不定式的完成式，說明對過去事物的推測，表示“一定”或“準是”的意思。）

23、兩種否定式的比較must not表示“不應該”、“不許可”，語氣比較強烈。如：或者翻譯為：禁止！We mustn't waste our time.我們不應該浪費我們的時間。need not（不必）表示must在必須意義上的否定。如：-Must we clean our classroom today?-No, you needn't.我們必須今天清掃教室嗎？不，不必。2have to（不得不，必須）To launch satellites into space, we have to use big powerful rockets.要把衛星射入太空我們必須得使用巨型強力火箭

24、。There is no bus to the village and we have to walk there.沒有到那個村子的公共汽車，我們必須步行去那里。have to的含義與must相似，兩者往往可以互換使用，但have to有各種形式，隨have的變化而定。must與have to有下列幾點不同： must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強調客觀需要。如：The play is not interesting. I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age. must一般只表現在，have to則有更多

25、的時態形式。 二者的否定意義不大相同。如：You mustn't go. 你可不要去。You don't have to go. 你不必去。 詢問對方的意愿時應用must。如：Must I clean all the room?3should應當You should listen to your father's advice.你應當聽你爸爸的話。（表示“勸告”、“建議”）The doctor should be here by now.醫生現在可能到了。（表示“預測”、“可能”）She should be on campus.她應當在校園里。（表示“預測”、“可能”）

26、Why should I leave?我干嗎要離開？（表示“不滿”、“驚奇”）should后跟動詞不定式的完成式時，這時句子指的是過去的事情。如果是肯定句，說明事情本應完成而未完成；如果是否定句表示發生了不應當發生的事情。如： The little boy shouldn't have eaten the apple without washing it first.You should have worked hard earlier. shall和should的用法對比1. Shall用于第一人稱，表示征求對方的意愿。如：What shall we do this evening?

27、2. Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請示。如：Shall we begin our lesson?When shall he be able to leave the hospital?3. Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。如：You shall fail if you don't work harder. （警告）He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允諾）He shall be punished. （威脅）4. Should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同

28、義詞是ought to；在疑問句中，通常用should代替ought to。如：You should go to class right away.Should I open the window?Should的含義較多，用法較活，現介紹三種其特殊用法。請看下面的句子： I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是認為最好再試一試。 You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞錯了。 I should advise you not to do that. 倒是勸你別這樣做。 This is som

29、ething I should have liked to ask you. 這是我本來想問你的。從以上例句可以看出：情態動詞should用于第一人稱時可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。此外，Why(or How) + should結構表示說話人對某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等意思。意為“竟會”。如：Why should you be so late today? 你幾天怎么來得這么晚？ Where is Betty living? 貝蒂住在哪里？ How should I know? 我怎么會知道呢？I don't know why you should think tha

30、t I did it.我真不知道你憑什么認為這件事是我干的。4ought to 應當，總該語氣比should重，比must輕，表示有“義務”或“必要”做某件事，還可表示“勸告”等。You ought to practice more.你應該多練習。You ought not to stay up too late.你不應該熬夜太晚。Your grandpa oughtn't to drink so much.你爺爺不應當喝大多的酒。ought后加動詞不定式的完成式時，指過去的動作。肯定形式（ought to have done）表示某件事應當做而未做，相當于should have do

31、ne。否定形式（ought not to have done），則表示一件不應該做的事情發生了，相當于should not have done。如： I was fined. I ought to have returned these books to the library last month.我被罰款了，我上個月就應當把這些書還給圖書館。You oughtn't to have got up so late.你不應該起這么晚。注意：在美國英語中，ought to用于否定句和疑問句時，to可以省略。如：Ought you smoke so much?You oughtn'

32、t smoke so much.第四步：【應對情態動詞考題的技巧】技巧1 充分利用句子語境綜觀歷年高考英語情態動詞的考查情況，有相當一部分考題從本質上看都是在考查情態動詞在具體語境中的運用，即只要考生能弄清各個被考查情態動詞的意思，就可作出正確選擇。如：(1) Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can分析：答案選C。由于下文說“她還沒有把握”，所以前文要用may表示沒有把握的肯定推測，即“可能會與我們去旅行”。(2) Ive taken someone

33、elses green sweater by mistake.It _ Harrys. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be分析：答案選D。后文說“他總是穿綠色衣服”，據此語境可推知，這件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。(3) Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well. He _have gone farhis coats still here. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. ca

34、ntD. wouldnt分析：答案選C。后文說“他的外套還在這里”，據此語境可知“他不可能走遠了”，故選cant。(4) He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 分析：答案選A。could have done的意思是“本來可以做某事”。句子語境為“雖然他本來能夠免費入場，但他買了票”。(5) Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mu

35、stnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 分析：答案選C。既然“我已經借了一本”，所以“她就沒有必要借給我了”。neednt在此表示“不必”。技巧2 根據時間確定時態即要分清情態動詞表推測時涉及的是現在情況還是過去情況。原則上說，若對現在情況進行推測，情態動詞后接動詞原形或進行式；若對過去情況進行推測，則后接動詞的完成式(這通常是高考的重點)；若是對正在發生的情況進行推測，后接動詞的進行式。如：(1) Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You _it. I could manage it myself. A. ne

36、ednt do B. neednt have doneC. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done分析：答案選B。句子的語境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。選A還是B呢？根據前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，動作已經發生，所以此處談論的是一個過去情況，故選 neednt have done。(2) This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put分析：答案選D。前文說“蛋

37、糕很甜”，下文的語境顯然應該是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示對過去情況的肯定推測。(3) The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through分析：答案選D。由上文的stayed可

38、知，此題是對過去情況有把握的肯定推測。句意為“那個女生物學家呆在非洲研究野生動物13年才回來。”“天啊！她一定經歷了不少苦難！”技巧3 注意分清適用句型即要分清所考查的情態動詞是用于肯定句型，還是用于疑問句型或否定句型，同時還要注意情態動詞在某些特殊情況下所使用的特殊句型。如：The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow. A. should B. mustC. will D. can分析：答案選 D。在通常情況下，情態動詞 can 表示推測時，

39、只用于否定句和疑問句，不用于肯定句，但有一種特殊情況就是它可以用于肯定句中表理論上的推測或表示“有時”之意，而此題考查的正是can 表示“有時”的用法。精典名題導解選擇填空1. I was really anxious about you. You_home without a word.(NMET 2001)A.mustnt have B.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have left D.neednt have解析：答案為B。本題考查的是情態動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。題目給出的條件是“我確實非常擔心你”，因此后面可知應是責備you不應該沒說一句話就離開了。2.Ar

40、e you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure. I_ go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000)A.must B.would C.should D.might解析：答案為D。本題考查情態動詞的基本用法。由題目中“Im not sure”,表明我可能去Jeffs party，也可能去音樂會，故用might。3. Will you stay for lunch?Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me.(NMET 99)A.I mustnt B.I cant C.I neednt D.I wo

41、nt解析：答案為B。本題考查表示請求的英語口語，用will來向第二人稱提問的疑問結構，是表示一種請求和意愿，是用疑問的形式來表達較為婉轉的祈使語氣，意思是“請你，好嗎”，對于這種問句的肯定回答是：Suree! Gertainly! Yes, of course. Id be glad to 等；否定回答通常是：Im sorry, I cant. No, Im afraid I cant. Im sorry, but Id like to, but 等。注意情態動詞表客氣的用法及其在一般疑問句中的問與答。4.Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it be

42、 him Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not解析：答案為A。本題考查情態動詞表推測。問：那邊的難道不是Ann的丈夫嗎？答：不是。不可能是他，我確信他不戴眼鏡。5.You be tiredyouve only been working for an hour.A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not解析：答案為C。本題考查情態動詞。句中破折號后的內容對前一句進行解釋說明：你只工作了一個小時，所以你不可能累的。表否定推測時用cant。A項表禁止（不許），B項表

43、未來，D項表不允許。均不可用，故選C。6.I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I report it to the police？A. should B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever解析：答案為A。本題考情態動詞。在空房子里看到燈光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，故問：你是否認為我應當把這事兒報告給警察？應用A。四Consolidation exercise 1. If they _ to do this work, he might do it some other way. A. we

44、re B. should C. will D. can2. I was told yesterday that the company _ me to Rome next week for a business conference. A. should have sent B. were going to sendC. should be sending D. should send3. Let's take a walk, _? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we4. He was a good swimmer so he

45、 _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. A. could B. might C. should D. was able to5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he _ see me. A. can B. may C. might D. could6. - _ this book be yours?- No, it _ not be mine. It _ be his. A. Can, must, may B. May,

46、might, mustC. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may7. "We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. " "He _ it. "A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended8. They _ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming f

47、or some reason. A. can have missed B. may have missedC. can have lost D. may have lost9. Since the ground is white, it _ last night.A. had snowed B. must have snowedC. must be snowing D. must have been snowing10. You must be fifty, _? A. mustn't you B. needn't you C. aren't you D. mnyn't you11. You must