1、I. Evolving Library Jobs and Organization Structures 圖書館工作及組織機構變革圖書館工作及組織機構變革II. Library Staff Qualifications and Competences圖書館員資格和業務能力圖書館員資格和業務能力III. Staff Recruitment, Training and Evaluation 圖書館工作人員招收圖書館工作人員招收, 培訓和評估培訓和評估 Administration 行政行政 Public Services 公共服務公共服務 Technical Services 技術服務技術服務Ad

2、ministration 行政行政Access Services 獲取服務獲取服務Outreach Services 參考咨詢參考咨詢Collection Development 資源建設資源建設Information Literacy 信息素質信息素質Web Services 網頁管理網頁管理Technical Services 技術服務技術服務Acquisition, Cataloging, Serials 采購采購， 編目編目， 期刊期刊Digitization Center 數字化中心數字化中心Special Collections 特藏特藏Archives 檔案檔案Special C

3、ollections 善本書善本書Vatican Film Library 梵帝岡縮微膠片梵帝岡縮微膠片Automation/System 自動化自動化 / 系統系統Branch Libraries 分館分館 Offsite storage 密藏書庫密藏書庫(Medical Library, Law Library*) Professional Librarians 專業圖書館員 Faculty status 教員地位 Tenure 終身制 Non-tenure 非終身制 Non faculty status 非教員地位 Librarian I -IV Support staff/Parapr

4、ofessionals 職員 / 非館員 Salary paid 月工資 Hourly paid 雙周制工資 Part-time student assistants 半職學生工Reference Librarian 參考咨詢館員Subject Librarian 學科館員 Acquisition Librarian 采購館員Cataloger 分類編目館員Serial Librarian 期刊館員Electronic Resource Librarian 電子期刊館員Access Services Librarian 流通館員？ILL Librarian 館藉互借館員Archivist 檔案

5、館員 Digitization Librarian 數字館員Special Collection Librarian 特殊典藏館員特殊典藏館員System Librarian 系統館員Reference Librarian 參考咨詢館員Liaison Librarian 聯系人Subject Librarian 學科館員Business Librarian 商業學科館員Government Document Librarian 政府出版物館員Faculty Librarian 教員館員Departmental Librarian 院系圖書館員Collection Development Lib

6、rarian 館藏建設館員Library Instruction librarian 課程指導館員Requirements 素質資格 Bachelors Degree 本科學位 MLS圖書館學碩士學位 Second Masters Degree or more 第二碩士學位或者更高學位Responsibilities 職責范圍 General Reference 參考咨詢 Collection Development 館藏建設 Library Instruction/Information Literacy 圖書館教學指導， 信息素質培養 Liaison 院系聯絡人 iCommons 信息共享

7、空間 Research & Policies 研究，政策制定 Library Associates 圖書館助理 Unit Supervisors Library Assistants 圖書館助理 Daily routines Other Supporting Staff System support staff 圖書館系統技術員 Business manager 財務總監 / 人事管理人員 Administrative Assistants/行政助理 Secretary/秘書Research 學者研究學者研究 (Job Analysis 工作招聘廣告分析工作招聘廣告分析) Xu, Ho

8、ng : American Libraries 1971-1990Xu, H. (1996). The impact of automation on job requirements and qualifications for catalogers and reference librarians in academic libraries. Library Resources and Technical Services. 5 (Jan, 1996), 9-31. Lynch and Smith: College & Research Libraries (1973-1998)L

9、ynch, B.P. & Smith, K. R. (2001). The changing nature of work in academic libraries. College & Research Libraries. 62 (Sept.), 407-420. Cardina and Wicks (1991-2001)Cardina, C. & Wicks, D. (2004). The changing role of academic reference librarians over a ten-year period. Reference and Us

10、er Services Quarterly. 44(2), 133-142. Choi and Rasmusse ( 1999-2007)Choi, Y & Rasmussen, E. (2009). What qualifications and skills are important for digital librarian positions in academic libraries? A job advertisement analysis. The Journal of Academic Librarianship. 35 (5), 457 -467.Professio

11、nal Librarian Job Categories 1. Administration (deans, directors, AULs, etc.) 管理人員Head of a subject/branch library (Chemistry, art, East Asian, etc.)Head of a library dept. (function: access services, reference, cataloging, etc.)2. General and subject reference, instruction, collection development l

12、ibrarians 參考咨詢館員3. Technical services (acquisitions, cataloger, and serials) 技術服務館員4. Special collections (any position), government documents, rare books, archives, media etc. 特藏館員5. Information System (automation, networks, systems, etc.) 系統館員 Summary based on Lynch and Smith, 2001)Trends Automati

13、on is driving force 自動化是推動力 Technology is catalyst 科學技術是催化劑- internet, web 2.0 tools, digitization Catalogers - 63% decline (1990-1998) Access Services Expanded Circulation Emerging Positions 新興職位 (Web master, Electronic Resource Librarian, Digital Librarian) Characters: 特點 Access 獲取信息資料 Physical Sp

14、ace 學習空間 (Building) Physical Materials 實物載體 (Print Materials, Media Collection, Microform, etc.) Shipment and Document Delivery 資料傳送和文獻轉遞 Reinforce Library Polices 執行政策 Routine work 日常工作Units (工作單元) Circulation 流通 Interlibrary Loan / Document Delivery 館籍互借/文獻傳遞 Course Reserves / Electronic Reserves

15、教學參考暫存服務？ Stacks Maintenance/Collection Management 書庫管理 Building Monitor 開館閉館， 安全保衛 Distance Education 遠程教育“Libraries have to move from acquisition as the primary and central goal to access.” 圖書館不得不從以采購采購為中心的目標轉向已獲取獲取為中心。 - Robert Darnton, Director of Harvard University LibraryBlended Librarian：“An

16、academic librarian who combines the traditional skill set of librarianship with the information technologists hardware/software skills, and the instructional or educational designers ability to apply technology appropriately in the teaching-learning process” - Sinclair, 2009, p.504 全 / 多能館員: 具備圖書館傳統

17、工作能力,又能在圖書館工作及指導教學設計過程中熟練運用現代技術的大學圖書館員Triage 服務優化 / 信息篩選？ “As the librarians became specialists, support staff needed to become generalists” Fama & Martin, 2009 隨著圖書館員變成專家， 圖書館職員要變成多面手 Competences 能力能力 Knowledge 知識知識 Skills 技能技能 Experiences 經驗Job Advertisement (Reference Librarian ) MLIS, MSLIS

18、美國圖協認可的圖書館學碩士學位 ALA Core Competences 美國圖協核心業務能力 Behavioral Competences 行為能力1.Foundations of the Profession2.Information Resources3.Organization of Recorded Knowledge and Information4.Technological Knowledge and Skills5.Reference and User Services6.Research7.Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning

19、8.Administration and Management 職業基礎 信息資源 信息組織 技術才能 讀者服務 學術研究 繼續教育 行政與管理ALA Competences, MLS Programs, Digital Librarian RequirementsALA 業務能力指南業務能力指南, 圖書館學科目圖書館學科目， 數字圖書館員要求數字圖書館員要求Table. The ALA-accredited program in line with the core competenciesJob requirement relating to behavioral descriptions

20、: 招聘廣告中描述語Communications skills (include oral and/or written) 表達交流能力表達交流能力 (包括口頭表達和書寫能力包括口頭表達和書寫能力)Interpersonal skills 人際交往技能人際交往技能Service orientation/public service 服務精神服務精神Work effectively with faculty, students, and staff 與教職員與教職員, 學生打成一片學生打成一片Collegial environment 平等互助環境平等互助環境Creative/creativit

21、y 獨創力獨創力Energetic/enthusiastic/outgoing 工作熱忱工作熱忱Flexibility 靈活性靈活性Team member/team environment 團隊精神團隊精神Work in a changing, dynamic, expanding environment 應變能力應變能力- Lynch and Smith, 2001Leadership Skills 領導才能“Leadership is an action not a position” 領導是行動不是職位經理經理領導領導管理激勵復制獨創重點-結構重點-人員依靠控制引發信任短期計劃長期規劃問

22、題：怎樣， 何時問題： 為何， 什么 接受挑戰做好好事情做對對事情 Manager as a couch and a substitute 基層管理者雙重身份 教練 替補隊員Physical Requirements體力要求ADA Americans with Disabilities Act 美國殘疾人議案Recruitment in Digital Age招聘準則1. The capacity to learn constantly and quickly 可塑性可塑性2. Flexibility 靈活性靈活性3. An innate skepticism 懷疑性懷疑性4. A propensity to tak