1、 have它們沒有詞匯意義，只有語法作用，如協(xié)助構(gòu)成進行體，完成佻被動態(tài)，否定 句，疑問句等。例如：He is giving a lecture-他在作講座 *Heha& made a plan.他已經(jīng)制定了計劃Hi small animals are kept in the cages小動物都關(guān)在籠子里.2.半助動詞: 在功能上介于主動詞和助動詞之間的一類結(jié)構(gòu)，稱為半助動詞。常見的半助動詞有：be about to ， be due to ， be going to ， be likely to萼假計劃實施了嗎?be meant tobe obliged tobe supposed

2、to ， be willing to黑足計耶左尬丁嗎丿助動詞可以協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成時態(tài)或者語態(tài)，也可構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，構(gòu)成否定句時與否定副詞not 連3. 情態(tài)助動詞:情態(tài)助動詞包括：will(would),shall(should), can(could) , may(might) , must , need , dare , oughtto , used to , had better情態(tài)助動詞一般簡稱為情態(tài)動詞。后接動詞原形。情態(tài)助動詞不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。兩個情態(tài)助動詞不能連用。例：他將能夠及時完成此事。He will can finish it in time.xHe will

3、be able tofinish it in time.Vhave to ,seem to ,be unable tobe unwilling to 等Do come to my birthday party.一定來參加我的生日宴會。（三）助動詞用法精講1.助動詞be的用袪1）也-現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)中例如：They arc having meeting.他彳|正在開會 aEnglish is becoming more and more important.英i吾現(xiàn)在越來越重要 2）過去分詞，枸成被動語態(tài)。例如The ivindow was broken by Tom一窗戶是湯媳打碎的。E

4、nglish is taught throughout the.世界各地都教英語 *3）2 +動詞不壬式.可表示:下列內(nèi)容=札表示最近、未來的計劃或安排.例如,Heis to go to New York next week.他下周要去紐約心AVe are io reach rhe freshmen.我們尋教新主。說明！這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時態(tài)表達法.b.表示命令。例如：You are to explain this.對此你要做出解釋。He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午來辦公室。c.征求意見。例如：How am I to

5、answer him? 我該怎樣答復他？Who is to go there? 誰該去那兒呢？d.表示相約、商定。例如：We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我們明天早晨 7 點在校門口集合。2.助動詞 have 的用法Do come to my birthday party.一定來參加我的生日宴會。1) have +過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)。例如:He has left for London.他已去了倫敦。By the end of last month, they had finished half of th

6、eir work.上月未為止，他們已經(jīng)完成工作的一半。2)have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成完成進行時。例如：一|I have been studying English forten years. 我一直在學英語，已達十年之久3) have +been +過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成式被動語態(tài)。例如：Englishhas been taught in China formany years. 中國教英語已經(jīng)多年。3.助動詞 do 的用法1) 構(gòu)成一般疑問句。例如：Do you want to pass the CET?你想通過大學英語測試嗎？|Did you study German?你們學過德

7、語嗎？2) do + not 構(gòu)成否定句。例如：I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批評。He doesnt like tostudy.他不想學習。In the past, many studentsdid not know the importance of English.過去，好多學生不知道英語的重要性。3) 構(gòu)成否定祈使句。例如：Dontgo there. 不要去那里。Dontbe so absent-minded.不要這么心不在焉。說明：構(gòu)成否定祈使句只用 do，不用 did 和 does。4) 放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣。例如：I did g

8、o there.我確實去那兒了。I do miss you.我確實想你。5） 用于倒裝句。例如：Never did I hear of such a thing.我從未聽說過這樣的事情。Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.進了大學以后，我們才認識到英語的重要性。說明：引導此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well 等。6） 用作代動詞。例如：-Do you like Beijing? -你喜歡北京嗎？-Yes, I

9、do.-是的，喜歡。（do 用作代動詞，代替 like Beijing.）He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he?他知道如何開車，對吧？4.助動詞 shall 和 will 的用法 shall 和 will 作為助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來時。表示單純的將來時，shall 用于第一人稱，第二人稱只用于問句；will多用于第二、第三人稱，口語中 will 也可用于第一人稱。I shall study harder at English.我將更加努力地學習英語。Shall we be back in time?我們會即使回來嗎？He will go t

10、oShanghai.他要去上海。Will you be free tomorrow afternoon?你明天下午有空嗎？5.助動詞 should,would 的用法1）should 無詞義，只是 shall 的過去形式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，只用于第一人稱，常用于間接引語，表示將，將會。例如：I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話, 問他我下周干什么He said he should return, and he did return.他說過他會回來的，他果然回來了She realize

11、d that she should have to do most of her farm work before sunshine.她明白她得在日出之前干完大部分農(nóng)活。2)would 也無詞義，是 will 的過去形式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，常用于間接引語，表示將，將會。例如：He said he would come.他說他要來。I felt confident that everything would be all right.我確信一切都會好的。(四)助動詞在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中的應用1.由連系動詞Him k, are構(gòu)成的句子*變一般疑間句時把込，心虹已提到句子的前面，句尾用間號即可。變

12、否定句時 直接在皿F 15, are后面加not即可。例如；肯定句H芒治a. student.般疑冋句：h hi a.呂tuden芒否定句:He isHOTa student.畫線提間：對h巳握|孔Who is a studeiLr7對a. studeni VTiar is he螢劭是am品的過去式.were是art的過去式，若句子中有以上兩詞時，變疑問 句及否定句方法與(1)相同。1.由情態(tài)動詞 can, may,will ， shall 等構(gòu)成的句子：變一般疑問句時把 can, may,will ，shall 提到句子的前面，句尾用問號即可變否定句時直接在 can,may,后面加 not

13、即可.例如：肯定句：She can swim.一般疑問句：Can she swim?否定句：She can not swim.畫線提問：對 she 提問：Who can swim?對 swim 提問:What can she do?could,might,would,should 是 can,may,will,shall的過去式，若句子中有以上兩詞時，變疑問句及否定句方法與(1)相同2.由行為動詞構(gòu)成的句子：需要加助詞 do 或 does. |變一般疑問句時把 do/does 放在句子前面.|變否定句時把 dont/doesnt 放在動詞的前面。要注意觀察動詞的形式并對號入座。一般疑問句和否定

14、句的動詞三單式都要變回原型。playdoplaysdoes例如：肯定句:They play football after school.He plays football after school.一般疑問句：Do they play football after school?Does he play football after school?否定句:They dont (do not) play football after school.He doesnt play football after school.劃線提問：對 they/he 提問：Who plays football a

15、fter school?對 play football 提問：What do they do after school? What does he do after school?對 after school 提問：When do they play football? When does he play football?3.由 have, has 構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時句子:變一般疑問句時把 have,has 提到句子的前面，句尾用問號即可 變否定句時直接在 have,has 后面加 not 即可。例如：肯定句： He has read todays newspaper.一般疑問句：Has he

16、 read todays newspaper.?否定句:He has not read todays newspaper.畫線提問: 對 he 提問:Who has read todays newspaper?對 todays newspaper 提問:What has he did?had 是 have 和 has 的過去式，在構(gòu)成的過去完成時句子中，變一般疑問句時把had 提到到句子的前面，句尾用問號即可。變否定句時直接在had 后面加 not 即可若 have,has,had 沒有出現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中，則當實義動詞對待，請參考實義動詞的用法! AZ典例講解丄I4屯Everyone txi

17、es his best to active a higher score in Grade Nine.做般疑冋句）_ everyone_ s b亡st to achieve a higher scare in Grade Nine?I錯i吳擬作：Does cverTone tries his best to achieve 1 higher score in Grade NinelEttSIT：DZEverT&ne rtvhi& best to ichiee謎higher score in Grade Nine?（四）助動詞在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中的應用構(gòu)成的句子=am,乩ar亡提到句子的

18、前面，旬尾用間號即可。變否定句時即可。例如：否定句:He isHOTa student.Hl線提間：對h亡提|孔Who is a studenr對a srudern YMiar is he17was是am:is的過去式，were是are的過去式，若句子中有以上兩詞時.變疑問句及否定句方法與（1）相同。 1. 由情態(tài)動詞 can, may,will , shall 等構(gòu)成的句子： 變一般疑問句時把 can, may,will , shall 提到句子的前面，句尾用問號即可. 變否定句時直接在 can,may,后面加 not 即可.例如： 肯定句:She can swim. 一般疑問句：Can s

19、he swim? 否定句:She can not swim. 畫線提問：對 she 提問：Who can swim? 對 swim 提問:What can she do? could,might,would,should 是 can,may,will,shall的過去式，若句子中有以上兩詞時，變疑問句及否定句方法與（1）相同。2.由行為動詞構(gòu)成的句子1.由連系動詞sum is變一般疑問句時把 直接在am, isp are后面加noi肯定句:He is a student. 疑間句：Is he a smdcni9需要加助詞 do 或 does.變一般疑問句時把 do/does 放在句子前面.|變

20、否定句時把 dont/doesnt放在動詞的前面。要注意觀察動詞的形式并對號入座。一般疑問句和否定句的動詞三單式都要變回原型。playdoplaysdoes例如：肯定句：They play football after school.He plays football after school.一般疑問句:Do they play football after school?Does he play football after school?否定句:They dont (do not) play football after school.He doesnt play football af

21、ter school.劃線提問：對 they/he 提問：Who plays football after school?對 play football 提問：What do they do after school? What does he do after school?對 after school 提問：When do they play football? When does he play football?3.由 have,has 構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時句子：|變一般疑問句時把 have,has 提到句子的前面，句尾用問號即可。變否定句時直接在 have,has 后面加 not 即可。

22、例如：肯定句： He has read todays newspaper.一般疑問句:Has he read todays newspaper.?否定句:He has not read todays newspaper. 畫線提問：對 he 提問：Who has read todays newspaper? 對 todays newspaper 提問:What has he did? had 是 have 和 has 的過去式，在構(gòu)成的過去完成時句子中，變一般疑問句時把 had 提到到句子的前面,句尾用問號即可。變否定句時直接在had 后面加 not 即可。 若 have,has,had 沒有

23、出現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中，則當實義動詞對待，請參考實義動詞的用法。典例講解關(guān)!Everyone tries his best to achieve a higher score in Grade Nine.似一般疑冋句）!錯誤揀作：|IDoes evervrone tries his best to achieve a higher sccre in Grade Nine?正確操作：jDoes everTone trv his best to ichieve a higher score in Grade Nine?n（五）習題演練14.練練1. E燈ery morning Sarah his a

24、n egg and a piece of bread is her breakfasi.政為一般疑問句_ SarMi _ an egg and a piece of biead is her breakfast everrmorning?2. Susan does j ogging 10 keep hers elf fit.（改為否定旬）Susan_jogging 10keep herself fit,3. Th已exciiing news spread fai and widely,（改為般疑I可句）_ the exciting news_ fki and widelyQ4. The Blacks set off far Hangzhou early