1、研討歷年真題，熟習?？嫉恼Z法難點研討歷年真題，熟習常考的語法難點四級語法的要求：四級語法的要求：穩定和加深根本語法知識，提高在語篇穩定和加深根本語法知識，提高在語篇程度上運用語法知識的才干。程度上運用語法知識的才干。語法構造語法構造例例1, (95.6) The student was just about to the 1, (95.6) The student was just about to the question, question, when suddenly he found the answer. when suddenly he found the answer. A, a

2、rrive at B, submit to C, give A, arrive at B, submit to C, give up D, work outup D, work out例例2, (95.6) All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many2, (95.6) All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but passengers could do nothing but take the traintake the train。 A,

3、had been cancelled B, have A, had been cancelled B, have been cancelled been cancelled C, were cancelled D, having C, were cancelled D, having been cancelled been cancelled 語法重點語法重點: 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣, 主謂一致主謂一致, 倒裝構造倒裝構造, 非謂語非謂語動詞動詞, 狀語從句狀語從句, 定語從句定語從句, 獨立主格獨立主格, 情態動詞。情態動詞。 另外重點復習以上工程中的特殊用法。另外重點復習以上工程中的特殊用法。

4、 lest, in case, otherwise 等。等。一部分表示建議一部分表示建議, ,主張主張, ,命令命令, ,緊要等概念的詞語緊要等概念的詞語, ,由于本身隱含說話由于本身隱含說話人的客觀愿望人的客觀愿望, ,其后的主語從句其后的主語從句, ,賓語從句賓語從句, ,同位語從句往往采用同位語從句往往采用(should) + 動詞原形動詞原形在在 would rather, wish, as if, it would rather, wish, as if, its time that s time that 等等句型中運用適當方式表達客觀愿望：句型中運用適當方式表達客觀愿望：語法構造

5、語法構造It is vital (重要的重要的, 生死攸關的生死攸關的, 致命的致命的) It is necessaryIt is importantIt is urgent It is imperative (必要的事必要的事, 勢在必行的勢在必行的, 急需的急需的) It is desirable + that + 動詞原形動詞原形It is advisable (明智的明智的, 適當的適當的)It is naturalIt is essentialIt is proposalIt is suggestionIt is lest + that + should + 動詞原形動詞原形If o

6、nly + that + would + 動詞原形動詞原形It is timeIt is about time + that + 普經過去時普經過去時It is high time would rather + that 從句從句 + 普經過去時普經過去時語法構造語法構造2.1 重點重點 essential , important 等詞后的虛擬語氣等詞后的虛擬語氣例例3, It was essential that the application forms_ back 3, It was essential that the application forms_ back before th

7、e deadline (90,1) before the deadline (90,1) A, must be sent B, would be sent C, be sent D, were sent A, must be sent B, would be sent C, be sent D, were sent 例例4, It is important that enough money _ to fund the project. 4, It is important that enough money _ to fund the project. (97,1)(97,1)A) be c

8、ollected B) must be collected C) was collected D) can be A) be collected B) must be collected C) was collected D) can be collectedcollected例例5, Look at the terrible situation I am in! If I _ your advice. 5, Look at the terrible situation I am in! If I _ your advice. (93,6)(93,6) A follow B had follo

9、wed would follow have A follow B had followed would follow have followedfollowed例例6, I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to6, I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. (95,6) A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have class. (95,6) A ha

10、ve slept B slept C might have slept D could have sleptslept例例7, He must have had an accident , or he _ then (90,1)7, He must have had an accident , or he _ then (90,1) A would have been here A would have been hereB should be B should be here here C had to be here C had to be hereD would be D would b

11、e herehere語法構造語法構造例例8, My friend has no intention of going shopping with me.例例9, My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.例例10, The class are busying writing English passages.10, The class are busying writing English passages.例例11, The United States is a developed country which has 11,

12、 The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technology. advanced science and technology.例例12, Neither my friends nor I was able 12, Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our to persuade him to accept our advice. advice. 例例13, Either he or she has br

13、oken the window, 13, Either he or she has broken the window, for there is no for there is no one else there.one else there.例例14, There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom. 14, There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom. 由由either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also either.or,

14、neither.nor, not only.but also 銜接或銜接或由由here, therehere, there等引導的句子，謂語動詞遵照這一原那么等引導的句子，謂語動詞遵照這一原那么語法構造語法構造例例18, your problem and mine are similar.例例19, Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast.例例20, Two hundred and fifty pounds_ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A) is B) are C) were D

15、) be例例21, My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.cattle (家畜家畜,牛牛), people, poultry (家禽家禽), militia (義勇軍義勇軍, 民民兵組織兵組織), police, faculty, flock, machinery, personnel, vermin(害蟲害蟲,歹徒歹徒)等等,動詞要用復數。動詞要用復數。例例15, The police have caught the murder.15, The police have caught the murder.例例16, Ou

16、r personnel are very highly trained.16, Our personnel are very highly trained.例例17, The vermin(17, The vermin(害蟲害蟲, ,歹徒歹徒) are very dangerous.) are very dangerous.語法構造語法構造例例22, Bread and butter_ what Americans usually have for 22, Bread and butter_ what Americans usually have for breakfast. breakfas

17、t. A) are B) is C) was D) were A) are B) is C) was D) were例例23, Two hundred and fifty pounds_ too unreasonable a price 23, Two hundred and fifty pounds_ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A) is B) are C) were for a second-hand car. A) is B) are C) were D) beD) be1.4.1, 名詞性從句及不定式、動名詞作主語時

18、，謂語動詞普通用單數方式名詞性從句及不定式、動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞普通用單數方式例例24, To finish the work in advance is what he wants.24, To finish the work in advance is what he wants.例例25, Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health25, Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health例例26, What seems easy in theory is difficult in 26, W

19、hat seems easy in theory is difficult in practice.practice.例例27, What caused the accident is a complete mystery.27, What caused the accident is a complete mystery.語法構造語法構造1.4.2 what 引導名詞從句作主語時，其表語是復數方式時，引導名詞從句作主語時，其表語是復數方式時， 系動詞也可以是復數方式系動詞也可以是復數方式例例28, What we badly need here are qualified teachers.

20、28, What we badly need here are qualified teachers.1.4.3, 當主語是單數當主語是單數, 后面跟著由后面跟著由 including, with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, as well as, rather than, but, except, more than, accompanied by 等銜接的短語時等銜接的短語時,謂語動詞用謂語動詞用單數。單數。例例29, the factory, with all its equipment, has been burn

21、ed. 例例30, Mary as well as her sister likes listening to music.例例31, Doctor Richards, together with his wife and three children, is to arrive on the afternoon flight.例例32, My best friend rather than anyone else has got the first prize in the speech contest.語法構造語法構造1.4.4, one, one of, every, everyone,

22、 everybody, each, many a, either, neither, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody 用作主語或修飾主語時，動詞用單數方式用作主語或修飾主語時，動詞用單數方式例例33, Each man, woman and child has the same right. 33, Each man, woman and child has the same right. 例例34, Many a student doesnt like to do their homework.34, Many a stu

23、dent doesnt like to do their homework. (many a student (many a studentmany students)many students)例例35, Either of students is going to compete for the president of 35, Either of students is going to compete for the president of thethe students union. students union. 例例36, More than one person was in

24、volved in the case. 36, More than one person was involved in the case. 例例37, every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 37, every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 例例38, Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in 38, Neither of the young men who had applied for a position

25、in the university . the university . A) has been accepted A) has been accepted B) have been accepted B) have been accepted C) was accepted C) was accepted D) were acceptedD) were accepted語法構造語法構造1.4.5, 表示時間表示時間, 間隔間隔, 分量分量, 體積體積, 錢的復數名詞錢的復數名詞, 作主語時作為整體來對待作主語時作為整體來對待, 動詞通常用單數。動詞通常用單數。例例39, Five thous

26、ands dollars is quite a large sum of money to 39, Five thousands dollars is quite a large sum of money to me.me.例例40, Fifty miles is too long a distance for one to walk on 40, Fifty miles is too long a distance for one to walk on foot.foot.例例41, Ten years has passed but he didnt change at all.41, Te

27、n years has passed but he didnt change at all.1.4.6, a portion of , a series of, a kind of, a body of, a species of, a pair of + 名詞名詞 作主語時，其動詞普通用單數方式作主語時，其動詞普通用單數方式例例42, A series of accidents has occurred recently in 42, A series of accidents has occurred recently in America.America.例例43, A pair of

28、new glasses is quite expensive.43, A pair of new glasses is quite expensive.語法構造語法構造1.4.8, 事件、機構、國名、作品等專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單事件、機構、國名、作品等專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數數例例46, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written 46, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain and it is an interesting book. by M

29、ark Twain and it is an interesting book. 例例47, The United Nations is an organization to defend world 47, The United Nations is an organization to defend world peace. peace. 1.4.7, 表示數量的短語表示數量的短語 a lot of, any of, most of, half of, two thirds of, 20 percent of part of some of, none of, all of + 名詞時名詞

30、時, 動詞取決動詞取決 于名詞的單復數而定。于名詞的單復數而定。例例44, Most of the book is interesting.44, Most of the book is interesting.例例45, Most of the books are informative though a little 45, Most of the books are informative though a little dull.dull.語法構造語法構造2.1, 可以單數也可以復數的名詞可以單數也可以復數的名詞 凡是有復數詞尾變化方式的集合名詞都屬于此類。凡是有復數詞尾變化方式的集合

31、名詞都屬于此類。a class / classes; a family / families; a government / governments; an army / armies; a people / peoples; a group / groups; a crowd / crowds; a crew / crews 等等例例48, A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning. 48, A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning. 例例49, The gov

32、ernment has decided to pass the bill. 49, The government has decided to pass the bill. 例例50, There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday. 50, There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday. 例例51, There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.51, There are many English-speaking peoples in t

33、he world.語法構造語法構造2.2, 單數名詞單數名詞這類名詞常見的有：這類名詞常見的有：humanity (humanity (博愛博愛, , 人性人性, , 人類人類), ), mankind, proletariat mankind, proletariat ( (無產階級無產階級) ) 等等例例52, The proletariat is the greatest class in the 52, The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of history of mankind. In the fields of

34、 production and mankind. In the fields of production and scientific scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress. experiment, mankind makes constant progress.2.3, 單復同形單復同形例例53, The school teaching staff are (is) excellent. 53, The school teaching staff are (is) excellent. 例例54, The public

35、is (are) requested not to litter in the 54, The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park. park. 例例55, The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.55, The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.class, family, team, crew, board, herd,committee, party, jury, enemy, audience 等等這類

36、名詞常見的有：這類名詞常見的有：語法構造語法構造例例56, The football team is playing well.56, The football team is playing well. 那個足球隊打得非常美麗。那個足球隊打得非常美麗。例例57, The football team are having bath and are57, The football team are having bath and are then coming back here for tea. then coming back here for tea. 足球隊員們正在洗澡，然后來這里吃茶點

37、。足球隊員們正在洗澡，然后來這里吃茶點。例例58, The family is a very happy one.58, The family is a very happy one. 那個家庭是一個非常幸福的家庭。那個家庭是一個非常幸福的家庭。例例59, That family are very pleased about 59, That family are very pleased about the news of Williams success. the news of Williams success. 全家人對威廉的勝利都感到很高興。全家人對威廉的勝利都感到很高興。2.3,

38、單復同形單復同形語法構造語法構造1, 否認意義的詞位于句首引起的倒裝否認意義的詞位于句首引起的倒裝 never (從不從不), seldom (很少很少), few (很少很少), little (很少很少), rarely (很少很少), barely (很少很少), hardly (很少很少), scarcely (很少很少), nowhere (任何地方都不任何地方都不) 等。等。106, a machine been so efficient and accurate as the electronic computer. A. More than ever before B. Nev

39、er before has C. In the past, there never has D. Formerly there never was107, Never as bad as it is now in this city. A. air pollution has been B. has been air pollution C. has air pollution been D. air has pollution been108, Little when I embarked on this quest where it would leas me. A. have I kno

40、wn B. had I known C. do I know D. did I know語法構造語法構造否認意義的短語位于句首引起的倒裝否認意義的短語位于句首引起的倒裝 at no time (at no time (決不決不, ,任何時候也不任何時候也不), by no means (), by no means (決不決不), in no case (), in no case (決不決不),),under no circumstances (under no circumstances (無論如何也不無論如何也不), in no sense (), in no sense (決不決不),

41、 in vain (), in vain (徒勞徒勞), ), in no way(in no way(決不決不), on no account (), on no account (決不決不), no longer(), no longer(不再不再), no more (), no more (不再不再), ), not until (not until (直到直到才才), not for a moment (), not for a moment (從不從不) ) 等。等。一些短語性連詞一些短語性連詞, not onlybut also (, not onlybut also (不但不但

42、而且而且), ), no soonerthan (no soonerthan (一一就就), hardly (scarcely)when (), hardly (scarcely)when (一一就就) ) 也引起倒裝。也引起倒裝。109, At no time, and under no circumstances the first to use nuclear 109, At no time, and under no circumstances the first to use nuclear weapon. weapon. A. China will be B. will be Ch

43、ina C. will China be D. shall A. China will be B. will be China C. will China be D. shall China be China be 110, 110, “On no account to feed animalsOn no account to feed animals, the warning can be seen , the warning can be seen on the signboard in front of every cage. on the signboard in front of e

44、very cage. A. allow visitors B. visitors are allowed A. allow visitors B. visitors are allowed C. allow visitors D. are allowed visitors C. allow visitors D. are allowed visitors111, Hardly home when the telephone rang.111, Hardly home when the telephone rang. A. I got B. did I got C. I had got D. h

45、ad I got A. I got B. did I got C. I had got D. had I got 語法構造語法構造2, 以以only或或so引導狀語或表語位于句首引起的倒裝引導狀語或表語位于句首引起的倒裝only+狀語狀語+謂語一部分謂語一部分+主語主語+謂語的另一部分謂語的另一部分+當構成關聯從屬連詞當構成關聯從屬連詞 so.that 的的 so 位于句首時位于句首時, 往往要運用倒裝構造。往往要運用倒裝構造。 so +狀語狀語+V+S+V+that引導的狀語從句引導的狀語從句so +表語表語(描畫詞描畫詞)+be+S+V+that引導的狀語從句引導的狀語從句112, Onl

46、y when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar correctly. A. you will write B. can you write C. you can write D. you could write113, Only under special circumstances from freshman composition and literature examination. A. freshman excused B. freshman are excused C. are freshman excused D. are

47、 excused freshman 114, So little about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me. A. I know B. I knew C. do I know D. did I know115, So loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street.116, So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 117, In fact, so

48、powerful that it paved the way for a whole new era in construction and engineering. A. was the new explosion B. the new explosive was C. was new explosive D. new explosive was語法構造語法構造強調性倒裝強調性倒裝 118, dense was the jungle there that we had to rely on our ears instead of our eyes. A. How B. Extremely C

49、. Very D. So119, that the pilot couldnt fly through it. A. The storm so severe was B. So severe was the storm C. So the storm was severe D. Such was the storm severe So, nor, neither引起的倒裝引起的倒裝在并列分句中在并列分句中, 假設第二部分所表達的內容與第一部分一樣假設第二部分所表達的內容與第一部分一樣, 習慣上用習慣上用So, nor, neither引起一個省略的倒裝句。引起一個省略的倒裝句。一定式用一定式用

50、So, 否認式用否認式用 nor或或 neither。120, Surroundings have changed and in them. A. so have the people B. the people have so C. have the people so D. the people so have121, For a long time we hardly saw any lights, we see the shore. A. nor did B. did nor C. nor D. nor do 語法構造語法構造退讓狀語從句的倒裝退讓狀語從句的倒裝 由由asas引起的退讓

51、狀語從句由以下兩個句型構造引起的退讓狀語從句由以下兩個句型構造 1) 1) 動詞原形動詞原形+as+as+主語主語+ +助動詞助動詞 ( (情態動詞情態動詞)+)+主句主句2) 2) 描畫詞描畫詞 ( (副詞副詞, ,名詞名詞) +as+) +as+主語主語+ +動詞動詞+ +主句主句122, , I couldnt lift the box. A. As I might try B. As try I might C. Try as I might D Try though I might123, , he does get irritated with her sometimes. A.

52、As he likes her much B. Much as he likes her C. As much he likes her D. He likes her so much124, Young as he is, he knows some of the family secrets. (表語+as+代詞作主語+系動詞be)125, Difficult as the work was, it was finished in time. 或: Difficult as was the work, it was finished in time. (表語 + as + 名詞作主語 +

53、系動詞be; 或: 表語 + as + 系動詞be + 名詞作主語)語法構造語法構造注注: 1) 用用 as 引導的退讓狀語從句引導的退讓狀語從句, 表語應放在表語應放在 as 之前之前 (例例124和例和例125); 假設主語是代詞假設主語是代詞,主語就要放在系動詞主語就要放在系動詞 be 之前之前, 例例124; 假設主語是名詞假設主語是名詞, 那么主語可以放在系動詞那么主語可以放在系動詞 be 之前或后之前或后,例例125。 2) 用用 as 引導的退讓狀語從句中引導的退讓狀語從句中, 假設謂語是假設謂語是“助動詞助動詞+主要動詞原形主要動詞原形, 應把主要動詞原形放在應把主要動詞原形放

54、在 as 之前之前, 語序為語序為: 主要動詞原形主要動詞原形as主語助動詞。主語助動詞。 Say as you could124, Young as he is, he knows some of the family secrets. (表語+as+代詞作主語+系動詞be)125, Difficult as the work was, it was finished in time. 或: Difficult as was the work, it was finished in time. (表語 + as + 名詞作主語 + 系動詞be; 或: 表語 + as + 系動詞be + 名詞

55、作主語)語法構造語法構造3, 省略連詞省略連詞if的虛擬條件句中的倒裝的虛擬條件句中的倒裝假設虛擬條件句中含有假設虛擬條件句中含有were或或had，should, could等助動等助動詞或情態動詞時，連詞可以省略。省略后，主句不變，從詞或情態動詞時，連詞可以省略。省略后，主句不變，從句要用倒裝，將句要用倒裝，將were之類的動詞提到句首。之類的動詞提到句首。126, to the doctor right away, he might have been alive today. A. If he went B. should he have gone C. Were he gone D.

56、 Had he gone127, you were coming today, Id have met you at the airport. A. Have I known B. I have known C. Had I known D. I had known語法構造語法構造 4, 以副詞以副詞 here, there, off, out, away 等開頭的句子等開頭的句子, 主要是表示感慨語氣的句子，當其主語為名詞時，通常要運用倒裝。主要是表示感慨語氣的句子，當其主語為名詞時，通常要運用倒裝。 128, Here comes our teacher! 他們的教師來了！他們的教師來了！

57、 129, Away went the boy to the school! 那男孩子到學校里去了！那男孩子到學校里去了！ 130, Off goes the woman! 那個女人走了！那個女人走了！ 5, 當平常普通不放在句首的狀語當平常普通不放在句首的狀語, 為了強調而放在句首時為了強調而放在句首時, 運用倒裝構造。運用倒裝構造。 131, Near the bridge was an old cottage. 132, Well do I remember the day I saw a wild tiger. 6, 某些退讓狀語從句往往把表語提到主語前面或放在句首某些退讓狀語從句往往

58、把表語提到主語前面或放在句首, 以構成倒裝構造。以構成倒裝構造。 133, No matter how interesting the book is, he doesnt like to read it.(語序語序: No matter how表語十主語十系動詞表語十主語十系動詞be) 134, However hard a solid may be, we can change its shape. (語序語序: However+ 表語表語+ 主語主語+ 系動詞系動詞be)語法構造語法構造7, 以引導詞以引導詞 there 開頭的句子開頭的句子, 須運用倒裝構造。須運用倒裝構造。 1) 表

59、示表示 “有有 之概念的之概念的 “There be 主語主語 構造構造 134, There are three books on the desk. , There were something in the box. 2) 用于正式文體用于正式文體, 特別是文學作品中的特別是文學作品中的 “there 不及物動詞十主語不及物動詞十主語 構構造造, 當主語不明確而又是一個很長的名詞短語時當主語不明確而又是一個很長的名詞短語時, 往往運用這種構造：往往運用這種構造： , There entered a strange little man. , Once there lived an old

60、 fisherman in a village by the sea. 3) 在表達性和描畫性的書面語中在表達性和描畫性的書面語中, 這種構造假設帶有地點狀語這種構造假設帶有地點狀語, 而且把這種狀語放在句首時而且把這種狀語放在句首時, 可以用省略可以用省略there的倒裝構造。的倒裝構造。 , In the cottage lives a family of six. 語法構造語法構造 8, 當直接引語的一部分或者全部位于句首時當直接引語的一部分或者全部位于句首時, 引語分句的主語又引語分句的主語又是名詞或名詞短語是名詞或名詞短語, 該引語分句常用倒裝構造。該引語分句常用倒裝構造。 , Wh