1、生鐵專業(yè)用鑄鐵件的分類黑色金屬是指鐵和鐵的合金。如鋼、生鐵合金、鑄鐵等。 鋼和生鐵都是以鐵為基礎(chǔ)，以碳為主要添加元素的合 金，統(tǒng)稱為鐵碳合金。生鐵是指把鐵礦石放到高爐中冶 煉而成的產(chǎn)品，主要用來煉鋼和制造鑄件。把鑄造生鐵 放在熔鐵爐中熔煉，即得到鑄鐵(液狀)，把液狀鑄鐵 澆鑄成鑄件，這種鑄鐵叫鑄鐵件。black metal refers to an a 1loy of iron and iron.such as steel, iron a 1loy, cast iron, etc steel and cast iron is based on iron, added with carbon a

2、s the main elements of the alloy, collectively known as the iron carbon metal alloy. pig iron refers to put iron ore in the blast furnace smelt ing products, mainly used f or steel making and manufacture of castings put the casting pig iron in the cupola melting, that is, get cast iron (1 iquid) ? t

3、he 1 iquid cast iron cast into the casting, the cast iron is cast iron pieces鐵合金是由鐵與硅、鎰、鎔、鈦等元素組成的合金，鐵 合金是煉鋼的原料之一，在煉鋼時(shí)做鋼的脫氧劑和合金iron alloy is made up of iron and si 1 icon, manganese, chromium, composed of elements such as t i tanium alloy, iron al loy is one of the steelmaking raw material, do steel

4、in steelmaking deoxidizer and additive in alloy element used2、把煉鋼用生鐵放到煉鋼爐內(nèi)按一定工藝熔煉，即得 到鋼。鋼的產(chǎn)品有鋼錠、連鑄坯和直接鑄成各種鋼鑄件 等。通常所講的鋼，一般是指軋制成各種鋼材的鋼。鋼 屬于黑色金屬但鋼不完全等于黑色金屬。2, put the steelmaking pig iron steel furnace smelting by certain process, the stee1. steel products have cast ingot casting bi 1 let and direct, a

5、ll kinds of steel castings, etc usually told by steel, generally refers to the steel rolled into a variety of steel products steel belongs to black metal but not completely equal to black metal steel.3、有色金屬又稱非鐵金屬，指除黑色金屬外的金屬和 合金，如銅、錫、鉛、鋅、鋁以及黃銅、青銅、鋁合金 和軸承合金等。另外在工業(yè)上還采用珞、繰、鎰、軍目、 鉆、飢、鵠、鈦等，這些金屬主要用作合金附加物，以

6、 改善金屬的性能，其中鵠、鈦、鈿等多用以生產(chǎn)刀具用 的硬質(zhì)合金。以上這些有釀酒設(shè)備色金屬都稱為工業(yè)用 金屬，此外還有貴重金屬：車白、金、銀等和稀有金屬， 包括放射性的鈾、鐳等。3, also called nonferrous metal, non-ferrous metal refers to in addition to the black metal of the metal and al loys, such as copper, tin, lead, zinc, aluminum, brass, bronze, aluminum alloy and bearing alloy, et

7、c in industry also uses the chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, titanium, etc，these metal is mainly used as alloy addition, in order to improve the performance of the meta 1? tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, etc to produce cemented carbide cutting tools above these ar

8、e known as the industrial metals, non-ferrous metal and precious metals, platinum, gold, s i1 ver andprecious metals, including radioactive uranium and radium.二、鋼的分類second, the classification of steel鋼是含碳量在0. 04%-2. 3%之間的鐵碳合金。為了保證其 韌性和塑性，含碳量一般不超過1.7%。鋼的主要元素除 鐵、碳外，還有通風(fēng)除塵設(shè)備硅、猛、硫、磷等。鋼的 分類方法多種多樣，其主要方法有如

9、下七種：steel is iron carbon alloy carbon content between 0. 04% 一 2. 3%. in order to ensure its toughness and plasticity, carbon content is generally not more than 1. 7%. the main elements in addition to iron, carbon s teel, silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, etc steel classification method is var

10、ied, the main method has the following seven:1、按品質(zhì)分類(1)普通鋼(p < 0. 045%, s <高級(jí)優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼(p< 0.035%，sco, 030%)1, according to the qua 1 ity classification (1) ordinary steel (p 0. 045% or less, s 0. 05 0%) or less(2) high quality steel (p, s are 0. 035% or less)(3) high quality steel (p 0. 035% or l

11、ess, s 0. 030% or less)2. 、按化學(xué)成份分類(1) 碳素鋼：a.低碳鋼(c<0.25%); b中碳鋼(c<0. 25"0. 60% ); c.高碳鋼(c<0. 60% )o (2)合金鋼：a低合金鋼(合金元素總含 量<5%) b.中合金鋼(合金元素總含量5一10%) c.高 合金鋼(合金元素總含量10%)。2. according to classification (1) carbon steel chemical composition: a. mild steel 0.25% or less (c); b. medium carb

12、on steel (c 0. 250. 60%) orless; c high carbon steel (0. 60%) or less c. (2) al loy steel: a. low alloy steel (alloy element total content 5%) or less b in al loy steel (alloy element content > 510%) c. high alloy steel(alloy element content > 10%)3、按成形方法分類：(1) 鍛鋼；(2) 鑄鋼；(3) 熱軋鋼；(4) 冷拉鋼。3, acc

13、ording to the forming of classification: (1) forging steel; (2) cast steel; (3) hot rolled steel;(4) cold-drawn stee 1.4、按金相組織分類(1)退火狀態(tài)快速升柱器的a.亞共析鋼(鐵素體+珠光體)b.共析鋼(珠光體)c.過 共析鋼(珠光體+滲碳體)d.萊氏體鋼(珠光體+滲體)o(2) 正火狀態(tài)的：a.珠光體鋼；b.貝氏體鋼；c.馬 氏體鋼；d.奧氏體鋼。 (3) 無相變或部分發(fā)生相 變的4, according to the microstructure classificati

14、on(1) annealing condition a. hypoeutectoid steel (ferrite + pearlite) b. eutectoid steel, pearlite)c. hypereutectoid steel (pearli te and cement i te)d. ledeburite steel (pear 1 ite + permeabi 1 ity body).(2) are fire state: a. pearlit ic steel; b. bainite steel; c. martens i tic steel; d. austeniti

15、c steel (3) without phase change or part of a phase change5、按用途分類 (1) 建筑及工程用鋼：a.普通碳素 結(jié)構(gòu)鋼；b低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼；c.鋼筋鋼。5, according to use classification (1) construction and engineeiing steel: a. ordinary carbon structural steel; b. low alloy structural steel; c. reinforced steel(2) 結(jié)構(gòu)鋼a.機(jī)械制造用鋼：(a)調(diào)質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)鋼；(b) 表面硬化結(jié)構(gòu)

16、鋼：包括滲碳鋼、氨鋼、表面淬火用鋼； (c)易切結(jié)構(gòu)鋼；(d)冷塑性成形用鋼：包括冷沖壓用鋼、 冷徹用鋼。b.彈簧鋼 c.軸承鋼(2) structural steel a. machinery manufacturing with a quenched and tempered steel: (a) structural steel; (b) the surface hardened steel, including steel, surface quenching steel carburizing steel, ammonia; (c) free cutting steels; (d)

17、cold forming steel: including cold-formed steel, cold heading steel spring steel b. c. bearing steel速工具鋼。(3) tool steel: a. carbon tool steel; b. alloy tool steel; c. high speed tool steels(4) 特殊性能鋼：a不銹耐酸鋼b耐熱鋼包括抗氧 化鋼、熱強(qiáng)鋼、氣閥鋼c.電熱合金鋼；d.耐磨鋼；e. 氐溫用鋼；f.電工用鋼(4) the special properties of steel: a. b. stain

18、less acid-resisting steel heat resistant steel including oxidation heat intens i ty steel, steel, steel valve c. electrothermal alloy steel; d. wear resistant steel; e. cryogenic steel; f. electrical steel(5) 專業(yè)用鋼如橋梁用鋼、船舶用鋼、鍋爐用 鋼、壓力容器用鋼、農(nóng)機(jī)用鋼等。 6、綜合分類普通鋼a.碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼：(a)q195; (b)q215(a、b); (c)q235 (a、b、c);

19、 (d)q255 (a、b); (e)q275o鋼(包括高級(jí)優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼)a.結(jié)構(gòu)鋼：(a)優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼；(b)合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼；(c)彈簧鋼；(d)易切鋼；) 軸承鋼；(f)特定用途優(yōu)質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)鋼。b.工具鋼：(a)碳素 工具鋼；(b)合金工具鋼；(c)高速工具鋼。c.特殊性能 鋼：(a)不銹耐酸鋼；(b)耐熱鋼；(c)電熱合金鋼；(d) 電工用鋼；)高鎰耐磨鋼。(5) professional use steel, such as bridges wi th steel, ship steel, boiler steel, pressure vessel steel, agricultural mach

20、inery steel, etc 6, the comprehensive classification (1) ordinary steel a. q195 carbon structura 1 steel: (a); (b) q215 (a, b); (c) q235 (a, b，c); (d) q255 (a, b); q275 (e). b. c. low alloy structural steel special-purpose common structural steel (2) high qua 1ity steel (including advanced high-qual

21、i ty steel) a. structural steel:(a) high quality carbonstructural steel; (b) alloy structural steel; (c) spring steel; (d) free cutting steel; (e) bearing steel; (f) special-purpose high-quali ty structural stee 1. b. carbon tool steel tool steels:(a);(b) al loy tool steel, (c) high speed toolsteels. c. special performance steel acid-resistant stainless steel: (a);(b) heatresistant steel; (c) electric heat ing alloy steel; (d) electrical and steel; (e) high manganese steel7、按冶煉方法分類 (1) 按爐種分a.平爐鋼：(a) 酸性平爐鋼；(b)堿性平爐鋼。b.轉(zhuǎn)爐鋼：(a)酸性轉(zhuǎn)爐 鋼；(b)堿性轉(zhuǎn)爐鋼。或 (a)底吹轉(zhuǎn)爐鋼；(b)側(cè)