1、 掌握新聞報(bào)道的結(jié)構(gòu)新聞報(bào)道往往采用“倒金字塔 體”。所謂“倒金字塔體”，也稱為倒敘法，即按 新聞事實(shí)重要性的程度由要點(diǎn)到細(xì)節(jié)逐步擴(kuò)展，安 排全文。把最重要的事實(shí)置于全文的第一個(gè)句子中， 這個(gè)句子被稱為新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)(the news lead)。它告知 聽(tīng)眾最關(guān)心最重要的事實(shí)，如事件(what)、時(shí)間 (when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、人物(who)，以及原因和方 式(why，how），即新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)包含了我們常說(shuō)的五 個(gè)WH和一個(gè)H構(gòu)成的“新聞六大要素”。新聞導(dǎo) 語(yǔ)是整條新聞的高度濃縮形式，聽(tīng)懂了導(dǎo)語(yǔ)，也就 聽(tīng)懂了新聞的主要內(nèi)容。當(dāng)然，由于新聞報(bào)道的側(cè) 重點(diǎn)不同，有時(shí)新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)也可能只包含其中幾個(gè)要

2、素。 A general pattern in a news story is an inverted-pyramid style. It moves from the most important to the least important. The main idea usually occurs in the first one or two sentences. In long sentences, what can we focus on? Five main wh-elements: English sentence, like a tree, is composed by th

3、e trunk and leaves. Find the trunk and you will see the whole tree and then the wood. Oil ministers of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries will hold an emergency meeting Friday. What：An emergency meeting will be held When：Friday Who：Oil Ministers Of the Organization of Petroleum Export

4、ing Countries 普通詞匯。盡管新聞報(bào)道所使用的詞匯量很大， 但是語(yǔ)言的基本詞匯是穩(wěn)定的。如VOA廣播中的 special English(特別節(jié)目)的新聞報(bào)告中常用詞匯約1 500個(gè)，這個(gè)重復(fù)率在報(bào)道中是很高的，如cease-fire， presidential election等政治性詞匯，finance banking group等經(jīng)濟(jì)詞匯以space shuttle，robot等科技詞匯。 專有詞匯(Proper names)。新聞報(bào)道是有關(guān)世界 范圍的最新消息，因在報(bào)道中常涉及許多人名、 地名、國(guó)名。除此之外，新聞報(bào)道中還常常出現(xiàn) 一些河流、山脈及名勝古跡等專有名詞熟悉這些

5、 專有名詞可使聽(tīng)者更快更準(zhǔn)確地了解所聽(tīng)的新聞。 Himalayas, Mount Everest, Niles River, Geneva, Ebola, 由于新聞報(bào)道時(shí)間的限制，不少機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱常采 用其縮略形式，即由該名稱中數(shù)個(gè)詞的首字母的 大寫(xiě)形式組成，如：PLO（巴勒斯坦解放組織）是the Palestine Liberation Organization的縮寫(xiě)形式。需 要注意的是，聽(tīng)者不僅要了解這些縮略語(yǔ)的確切 含義，而且還應(yīng)知道它們的正確讀音 APEC, OPEC, IMF, UNESCO, CPPCC, NATO, IOC, IRC, WTO, WHO, WB APEC亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作

6、組織(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) OPEC（歐佩克）石油輸出國(guó)組織（Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries） IMF 國(guó)際貨幣基金組織（International Monetary Fund） UNESCO 聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization） CPPCC中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議 Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference Assig

7、nment NATO IOC IRC WTO WHO WB 在新聞報(bào)道中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，大到幾十億， 上百億，小到分?jǐn)?shù)或小數(shù)。尤其對(duì)一些多位數(shù)的 數(shù)字，要想立刻聽(tīng)準(zhǔn)這些數(shù)字的確不容易，其主 要難點(diǎn)在于位數(shù)過(guò)多。因此在聽(tīng)多位數(shù)的數(shù)字時(shí)， 應(yīng)對(duì)billion(十億)、million(百萬(wàn))、thousand(千)、 hundred(百)等詞尤為重視。同時(shí)，要注意一個(gè)數(shù) 字的多種讀法，如播音員把兩個(gè)足球隊(duì)比賽結(jié)果2： 0讀作two to nothing而不是讀成two to nought或two to zero 152, 489,357 3,695,741,526 目前，許多外臺(tái)(如BBC，VOA

8、)的新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)報(bào)道有特 別英語(yǔ)(Special English)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)(Standard English)兩 種。所謂Special English也可稱為慢速英語(yǔ)，即新聞播 放的語(yǔ)速較慢。就VOA而言，慢速英語(yǔ)每分鐘不超過(guò) 90個(gè)單詞，而且新聞報(bào)道均是由簡(jiǎn)單易懂的英語(yǔ)縮寫(xiě) 的，因此較適合初級(jí)階段的新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)訓(xùn)練。然而它畢 竟有其局限性，只能作為聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練的一種手段，而不 是新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)訓(xùn)練要達(dá)到的最終目的。 要想過(guò)真正通過(guò)新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)這一關(guān)，還必須進(jìn)行 Standard English的訓(xùn)練。Standard English也可 稱為常速英語(yǔ)，即新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)是用正常的語(yǔ)速播送 的。就VOA而言，常速英語(yǔ)每

9、分鐘為135個(gè)單詞， 而且句法和詞匯方面的難度也大些。經(jīng)過(guò)從慢速 英語(yǔ)到常速英語(yǔ)相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間練習(xí)后，收聽(tīng)新 聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)的能力一定會(huì)有很大提高。 平時(shí)應(yīng)養(yǎng)成多看報(bào)紙，常聽(tīng)廣播的習(xí)慣，這樣 就可以掌國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的一些階段性的熱門(mén)話題 及一些有爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題。若有可能的話，最好在 收聽(tīng)新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)之前，先聽(tīng)一下漢語(yǔ)新聞廣播。 對(duì)于當(dāng)天國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)生的一些大事做到心中 有數(shù)，然后，再收聽(tīng)外臺(tái)的新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)報(bào)道。由 于已有了一定背景知識(shí)，這些新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)報(bào)道就 容易聽(tīng)懂了。當(dāng)然在更高層次上也可以先聽(tīng)英 語(yǔ)新聞，然后驗(yàn)之以漢語(yǔ)新聞。 收聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)新聞廣播時(shí)有兩點(diǎn)要注意： 聽(tīng)懂英語(yǔ)新聞廣播必須要有一定的聽(tīng)力理解水平， 因?qū)τ谕庹Z(yǔ)初

10、學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)著重提高自己的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng) 力水平，不要急于收聽(tīng)外臺(tái)新聞廣播，到了中高級(jí) 階段開(kāi)始收聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)新聞廣播較為合適。 聽(tīng)者除掌握以上提到的技巧外，還必須多聽(tīng)多練， 持之以恒地堅(jiān)持聽(tīng)下去，就能最終達(dá)到“能聽(tīng)懂外 臺(tái)英語(yǔ)新聞廣播”這一目標(biāo)。 Tips: 要想在迅速掌握新聞聽(tīng)力題的做題要領(lǐng)，請(qǐng)注意以下要點(diǎn)： 要點(diǎn)一：要詳略得當(dāng) 聽(tīng)到英語(yǔ)新聞，不要被個(gè)別專用名詞，如人名、國(guó)名地名 、組織機(jī)構(gòu)名等嚇倒。要知道，對(duì)于絕大部分考題，這些 專用名詞聽(tīng)不懂也不影響解答，因此屬于可忽略不聽(tīng)的信 息。另外，新聞的文體結(jié)構(gòu)特色鮮明，即呈倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu) ，重點(diǎn)信息集中在開(kāi)頭尤其第一句話，接下來(lái)則是側(cè)重細(xì) 節(jié)展開(kāi)的分述性信息

11、。開(kāi)頭第一句話為新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于 全文的主題句，要詳細(xì)把握和聽(tīng)懂這一句話，從而掌握全 文基調(diào)，利于理解。 要點(diǎn)二：新聞六要素 一篇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的新聞報(bào)道，必須包括六大要素，可概括為5個(gè) W和1個(gè)H，具體如下- When-新聞發(fā)生時(shí)間 Where-新聞發(fā)生地點(diǎn) Who-新聞涉及人物 What-所發(fā)生的新聞事件 Why-為何會(huì)發(fā)生這一新聞事件 How-新聞事件的背景，如何會(huì)誘發(fā)、促成這一事件;后續(xù)情 況如何 所謂要點(diǎn)，對(duì)于考試題目來(lái)說(shuō)就是考點(diǎn)。因此，考生如果善 于在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候把握以上新聞六要素，就可輕松理清頭緒， 條分縷析地掌握新聞內(nèi)容。 要點(diǎn)三：善于聯(lián)系上下文加強(qiáng)理解 由于新聞播報(bào)的特殊性，一篇新聞內(nèi)在結(jié)

12、構(gòu) 往往非常緊密，內(nèi)容環(huán)環(huán)相扣，這對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō) 是一大優(yōu)勢(shì)-如果遇到某些聽(tīng)不懂的內(nèi)容，馬上 結(jié)合上下文，尤其是開(kāi)頭的新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)主題句， 借助全篇總體內(nèi)容，理解聽(tīng)到的個(gè)別細(xì)節(jié)。另 外，平時(shí)也要多注意積累，多聽(tīng)、多看中文新 聞，熟悉最新的國(guó)際時(shí)事，尤其政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、 軍事、重大科研進(jìn)展等方面的事件，這樣再過(guò) 渡到聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)的新聞，就可聯(lián)想現(xiàn)有知識(shí)來(lái)幫助 理解。 It has been nearly three years since President Barack Obama _what has been called the Asia pivot. The term describes increasi

13、ng attention on East Asia and the Pacific after reducing American _in Iraq and Afghanistan. This week, President Obama left Washington for a weeklong trip to four Asian countries. The trip aimed to _U.S. support for the security of Asian _and for reducing trade _among Pacific nations. Mr. Obama arri

14、ved in Japan Wednesday at a time when a number of allies are concerned about Chinas military_. Many Japanese have noted the failure of the Obama administration to act on its threats to attack Syria. They have seen the administrations _to provide military aid to_. The Japanese are worried that the Un

15、ited States may not come to Japans aid. announced involvement restate allies barriers expansion unwillingness Ukraine On Thursday, the president said the U.S. would _a defense treaty with Japan if China seizes a _group of islands. The islands are known as Senkaku in Japan and as Diaoyu in China. Mr.

16、 Obama spoke after talks with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. The treaty between the United States and Japan _my birth, so obviously this isnt a red line that Im drawing. It is the standard interpretation over multiple administrations of the terms of the alliance, which is that _under the admini

17、stration of Japan are covered under the treaty. Theres no shift in_. Theres no red line thats been drawn. Were simply _the treaty. honor disputed preceded territories position applying Listening Practice Exercise One 1. Identify the five main wh-elements 2. Retell what have you heard 3. Fill in the

18、blanks North Korea is threatening to _a new nuclear test in _ to a U.N. committees _of alleged human rights abuses by Pyongyang. A UN General Assembly Committee resolution recommends the _refer North Korea to the International Criminal Court for alleged crimes against humanity. North Korea says the

19、resolution is filled with _slanders. conduct response condemnation Security Council vicious Exercise Two Listening Dictation A new United Nations report finds the presence of large numbers of sophisticated weapons as well as foreign fighters, including Russian soldiers, are worsening the human right

20、s situation in eastern Ukraine. Lisa Schlein has details: “This seventh U.N. monthly report on Ukraine shows the situation in the rebel-controlled areas of eastern Ukraine has worsened. The report says more than 4,300 people were killed and more than 9,900 wounded in the conflict-affected areas from

21、 mid-April to November 18th. According to the U.N., an average of 13 people have been killed every day since the government and rebels reached agreement on a cease-fire in early September. Lisa Schlein for VOA News, Geneva. Exercise Three Answer the following questions: 1. Whats the President going

22、to do in about three hours? 2. Whats purpose of the Presidents new plan? 3. What does the President think of the immigration policies? 4. Where can we hear the Presidents remarks Exercise Four The United States says new western economic_ against Russia for its _in Ukraine will target Moscows defense

23、 industry and companies with close links to President Vladimir Putin. Speaking on US news show Sunday, _national security adviser Tony Blinken said that starting this week, the latest sanctions would _what he called additional pressure on the corporate officials _to Mr.Putin and the companies they c

24、ontrol. Earlier sanctions targeted at some banking activities and other corporate officials close to Mr. Putin. sanctions involvement deputy exert closest Fill in the blanks Exercise Five Answer the following questions: 1. What has a grand jury declined to do ? 2. Who has been killed and how? 3. Whe

25、re did he die? 4. How did the familys lawyer feel about the decision? Fill in the blanks A grand jury in New York has declined to press_ charges against a white police officer in connection with the death of an unarmed black man in July. Eric Garner was killed by the policemans_, a practice banned b

26、y the New York police department. Nick Bryant reports from New York. “Eric Garners death_ widespread outrage after a video of the incident was posted online._ in broad daylight, it clearly shows a white police officer holding the unarmed black man in a_. Eric Garner, who suffered from_, can be heard

27、 gasping, “I cant breathe! I cant breathe!” criminal stranglehold sparked Filmed headlockasthma A second video showed him lying _on the ground, with police and paramedics making no apparent effort to _him. He later died in hospital. The grand jury in Staten Island had been asked to consider whether

28、to _the police officer who held him in a headlock, Daniel Pantaleo. But it has decided against bringing any criminal charges. The Garner familys lawyer said he was_.” motionless revive indict astonished Dictation one: The British government has expressed disappointment at Chinas decision to deny a B

29、ritish Parliamentary committee permission to enter Hong Kong to conduct an inquiry. A British foreign office spokesman said the refusal was not in the spirit of agreements signed 30 years ago for the transfer of Hong Kong sovereignty from Britain to China. Dictation two: Student leaders and the Hong

30、 Kong government have agreed to hold formal talks about ending the pro-democracy demonstrations which are still blocking some roads in the city. No firm date has been set for the talks. The BBC correspondent in Hong Kong says Beijing has made clear that its unwilling to give up the right to decide w

31、ho can stand for election as the territorys leader in 2017. The protestors have lifted a blockade of government offices, but hundreds remain on the streets. Answer the following questions: 1. Whats the main idea of this piece of news? 2. How many people have been killed? 3. What happened after the b

32、last? 4. How many people were injured ? And why? A _car bombing in the Iraqi capital Baghdad has killed at least 15 people. Iraqi officials said the bomber blew himself up after _a vehicle cramped with _into a security checkpoint in the Shiite District of Kadhimiya. The blast was _by a mortar fire.

33、The area in northern Baghdad is the site of a major Shiite shrine. Security sources said a mortar round _near the shrine. More than 30 People were injured. suicide rammingexplosives landed followed True or false : 1. President Obama says he hopes to see China become prosperous 2. The APEC summit was

34、 held in Shanghai. 3. Altogether President Obama visited Asia nine times. 4. The short-term tourist and business visa to America can last for one to ten years. President Barack Obama says his government welcomes the rise of a prosperous and peaceful China. He made the comment during a speech to busi

35、ness leaders at the Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in Beijing: “This is my sixth trip to Asia as President and my second this year alone. And thats because as Ive said on each of my visits, America is thoroughly a Pacific nation. Weve always had a history with Asia and our future, our sec

36、urity and our prosperity is inextricably intertwined with Asia.” President Obama also announced a new visa policy with China, one that will increase the validity of short-term tourist and business visas issued to one anothers citizens from one to ten years. Fill in the blanks: Police and medical wor

37、kers man checkpoints on the _of Kenema in Sierra Leone, the site of an Ebola outbreak that is spreading across West Africa. Authorities are forcing people to test for the disease, some _try to avoid detection, _to die in secret. Ebola causes fever, vomiting, bleeding and diarrhea. It is spread throu

38、gh contact with the blood or other fluids of _people. Doctors say a lack of understanding is contributing to its rapid spread. Porous borders between the infected countries make it difficult to_. The death toll from the outbreak is growing. Doctors warn the response has so far been far from_. Henry

39、Ridgwell, for VOA News, London. outskirts victimspreferring infected contain adequate True or false : 1. The French cultural minister hasnt read a single novel 2. This years Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to an English. 3. Taking up the ministerial post leave no time for her to read books 4.

40、 Peoples attitudes toward her explanation are quite different. There has been shock in France at the revelation that the countrys culture minister hasnt read a single novel in the past two years. The minister Fleur Pellerin made the admission while being interviewed on the television about the Frenc

41、h winner of this years Nobel Prize for literature Patrick Modiano. Our correspondent Lucy Williamson was watching. In the interview yesterday, Mrs. Pellerin described having had a wonderful lunch with the writer in question, Patrick Modiano, but wasnt able to say which of his titles she preferred be

42、cause she said she hadnt had time to read his books or indeed any others since taking up a ministerial post two years ago. Mrs. Pellerins comments have caused a lively debate on social media with some accusing her of being a technocrat but many sympathize with her situation. Our correspondent Lucy W

43、illiamson was reporting from Paris. Multiple choices: 1. What does Syrian President think of the UN proposal ? It is meaningless. B. it is useles.s C. it is worthy to be studied. D. it is constructive. 2. Whats the goal of the plan? To bring peace to the city in battle To distribute some food to the

44、 refugee put pressure on the Syrian government To reconstruct the country 3. How many people died in the civil war? 20,000 B. 120,000 C. 200,000 D. 12,000 Fill in the blanks: Syrian President Bashar al Assad says a U.N. proposal for a _in rebel-contested Aleppo was “_ studying.” Mr. Assad says the p

45、lan would need to be worked on to achieve its goals of returning security to the_ city. The plan envisions a _in fighting to allow for humanitarian aid through a series of small-scale, locally-negotiated_. Syrias three-year civil war has _at least 200-thousand lives. cease-fireworth embattled freeze

46、 truces claimed Dictation: The United Nations Weather Agency has _that the world is on course for the warmest year since records began, which it says _a rising trend consistent with climate change. The Head of the UN Climate Change Secretary Christiana Figueres said that high temperatures of vast ar

47、eas of the ocean surface were _worrying. “The heat is being _by the oceans. There is no doubt that the ocean continues to warm and that on a very very consistent basis, and what it is doing,_, is doing us a little_. They are absorbing the heat that could have gone to the land and paying the price.”

48、warned confirms particularly absorbed frankly favor Fill in the blanks: An Egyptian court _the Islamic State as a terrorist group. The court said Sunday that it also considers all of the affiliates of the _group to be terrorist organizations, including Ansar Beit al- Maqdis, an Egyptian jihadi group

49、 that pledged its _to the Islamic State earlier this month. Meanwhile, Syrian activists say that in the last day at least 50 Islamic State _were killed in the ongoing fight for control of Kobani, a Syrian town just south of the _border. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights says the militants were

50、 killed in _fighting with Kurdish forces, U.S. _and suicide bomb attacks. Eleven Kurdish forces in Kobani were killed. This is VOA News. designated insurgent allegiance militants Turkish intense airstrikes Answer the following questions: 1. What would happen to the deposed Egyptian President? 2. Whe

51、re is the President now and why? 3. What is a court decision about the President? 4. What did the students do on Sunday ? The lawyer for deposed Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak says he could soon be freed, having served two-thirds of a _sentence and cleared in the deaths of anti- government demonst

52、rators in 2011. Mr. Mubarak, now 86 years old, is being held in a military hospital, serving a three-year sentence in the _case. But his attorney says the former Egyptian leader could be _early under a new Egyptian _that frees prisoners after they have served two-thirds of their sentences. Egyptian

53、authorities say two people were killed and nine injured Saturday night in protests following a court decision to drop murder charges against Mr. Mubarak in the 2011 _in Cairo that led to his _He also was _of a separate corruption charge. Hundreds of students protested on Sunday at universities throughout Egypt. corruption graft released provision uprisingouster. acquitted Multiple choices: 1. What is the purpose of the talks in the next few month ? To negotiate about the disagreement To discuss the world security situation C. To provide some financial aids. D. To normalize the realtion