1、定語(yǔ)從句的用法和精練一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念在復(fù)合句中 ,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括 that, which,who（賓格 whom,所有格 whose）等 ,關(guān)系副詞包 where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用 ,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系 ,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從 句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞 ,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi) ,從句不可省去

2、 ,非限制性定語(yǔ) 從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi) ,起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用 ,如省去 ,意思仍完整。四、關(guān)系代詞的用法1. that 既可以用于指人 ,也可以用于指物。 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) ,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略 , 作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如 :Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle瑪. 麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。 （that 作主語(yǔ) ）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue我. 放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。 （that 作賓語(yǔ) ）2.which 用于指物 ,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) ,作主語(yǔ)不可省略 ,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如 :The b

3、uilding which stands near the train station is a supermarket位. 于火車站附近的那座 大樓是一家超市。 （作主語(yǔ) ）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。 （作賓語(yǔ)）3.who, whom 用于指人 ,who 用作主語(yǔ) ,whom 用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中 ,有時(shí)可用 who代 替 whom, 也可省略。例如 :The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫

4、助我的 那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。 （作主語(yǔ) ）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí) ?（作賓語(yǔ) ） 注意 :（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞 ,介詞放在句末時(shí) ,who, that, which可省略 ,但介詞在關(guān) 系代詞前時(shí) ,只能用 “介詞+which/whom” 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如 :This is the house in which we lived last year這. 是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印lease tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 請(qǐng)告訴我你

5、從誰(shuí)那借的這本 英文小說(shuō)。（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中 ,介詞不可前置 ,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如 This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。(3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí) ,介詞不能放它的前面 ,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如 :The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。(4)關(guān)系詞只能用 that 的情況 :a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾 ,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí) 時(shí),只能用 that,而不用 which.例如 :He was

6、the first person that passed the exam他. 是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。b. 被修飾的先行詞為 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the on等e不定 代詞時(shí) ,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如 :Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你 在商店里有什么東西要買嗎 ?c. 先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等 詞修飾時(shí) ,只能用 that,而 不用

7、which.例如 :This is the same bike that I lost這. 就是我丟的那輛自行車。d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí) ,只能用 that, 而不用 which.例如 :I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room我. 能清楚記得 我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。e.以 who或 which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句 ,為避免重復(fù) ,只能用 that.例如 :Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí) ?f.主句是 there be

8、結(jié)構(gòu) ,修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用 that,而不用 which.例如 :There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom桌. 子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。(5)關(guān)系詞只能用 which,而不用 that 的情況 :a.先行詞為 that, those時(shí),用 which, 而不用 that.例如 :What s that which is under the desk在? 桌子底下的那些東西是什么 ? b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí) ,一般用 which,而不用 that.例如 : This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間

9、。 c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 ,用 which, 而不用 that.例如 :Tom came back, which made us happy.湯 姆回來(lái)了 ,這使我們很高興。五、關(guān)系副詞的用法(1) when 指時(shí)間 ,其先行詞表示時(shí)間 ,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如 :This was the time when he arrived這. 是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。(2) where指地點(diǎn) ,其先行詞表示地點(diǎn) ,在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如 :This is place where he works這. 是他工作的地點(diǎn)。(3) why 指原因 ,其先行詞是原因 ,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如 :Nobody know

10、s the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲 到。定語(yǔ)從句小結(jié)形容詞性從句(定語(yǔ)從句)若定語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)，可將主句的 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前 ，將 定語(yǔ)從句置后 例：The time is not far away when modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside.若先行詞同時(shí)被定語(yǔ)從句和被介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞修飾， 可將主句的 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前 ， 將定語(yǔ)從句置后例：He was the only student in my class wh

11、o was chosen 若先行詞是代詞，可將主句的 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前 ，將 定語(yǔ)從句置后.例： It wasnt a real Nike sweater (that) he gave you. 1先行詞為“ 人”：A. Who 引導(dǎo) ：在從句中 作主語(yǔ) 先行詞為 those、 one/ones/anyone時(shí)用 who 引出定語(yǔ)從句 例： Anyone who wants to pass here must show his ID card.Who 在從句中 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人稱數(shù) 必須與 先行詞一致 例：Do you know the two girls who are dancing

12、?B. Whom 引導(dǎo)：在從句中作 賓語(yǔ)，可省略 例： This is the boy (whom) we were looking for yesterday.介詞+whom 引導(dǎo)： 介詞與后面的定語(yǔ)從句的 某個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配， =whom 省略，介詞置于 從句末尾例：The man to whom you are talking is the manager of our company.=The man you are talking to is the manager of our company. 介詞由整個(gè)句子 所表達(dá)的 意思決定 例： There are ten cops o

13、ver thereo f whom 3 are women.(其中)C. That引導(dǎo)：在從句中 作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略That 在從句中 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人稱數(shù) 必須與 先行詞一致 主句是以 who 開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，用 that 引出定語(yǔ)從句 例：Who is the man that is lecturing in Classroom No.1339?2先行詞為“物”：A. That引導(dǎo)：在從句中 作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略 先行詞為下列情況時(shí)，用 that 引出定語(yǔ)從句： 不 定 代 詞 / 合 成 詞 ： all /one/some/little/few/any/much

14、/no/anything/something/noting例：All that can be done must be done.有序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、 only/very/last/next/same/every修飾的先行詞 例： This is very film ( that) I want to see.有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的 先行詞例： They talked of things and persons (that)they remembered in the school.That 在從句中 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人稱數(shù) 必須與 先行詞一致 例：The river that

15、 flows trough the village is very helpful to themB. Which 引導(dǎo) ：在從句中作 主語(yǔ) /賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略例：I will use the reference book (which) you borrowed form library. which在從句中 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人稱數(shù) 必須與 先行詞一致 例： Here are two cards which are small in size.介詞+which 引導(dǎo) ： 介詞與后面的定語(yǔ)從句的 某個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配， =which 省略，介詞置于 從句末尾例：The world

16、 in which we live is made of matter.=The world we live in is made of matter 介詞與 前面 的 先行詞的固定搭配 例： Watch out the way in which Tom dealt with the job. 介詞由整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的 意思決定 例：Air is a thing without which man cant live.3先行詞表示“人或物”Whose引導(dǎo) ：在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示“ 人或物的所有格 ”例： What is the name of the student whose father w

17、orks in our lab.例：The building whose roof (=the roof of which)we can see from here is our department. As引導(dǎo)： “the same/such/as as定語(yǔ)從句 ”, 表示“前面提到的人或物 ” 例：I hope to get such a reference book as he borrowed from the library.4先行詞表示“時(shí)間”的名詞When/that引導(dǎo)：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“ .的時(shí)間/時(shí)候”，=at +which，that可省 略例：We dont know

18、the exact time when/(that) (=on which) they will return. 5先行詞表示“地點(diǎn)”的名詞Where/that引導(dǎo)：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“ .的地方”，=in +which ，that可省略 例： This is a village where/(that) (=in which) he was born.6先行詞表示“原因”的名詞：Why 引導(dǎo)：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“ .的原因 ”， = for + which例： That is the reason why (=for which) he spoke. 7先行詞表示“方式”的名詞：在從句中

19、作狀語(yǔ)， = 介詞 +which How/that 引導(dǎo)：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“ .的方式”，= in + which ，that可省略 例： Watch out the way how/(that) (=in which) Tom deal with the job. 8非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句可去，用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)， 不能用 that 引導(dǎo) 修飾先行詞例： Galileo, who made the first telecope, died in 1642. 修飾整個(gè)句子時(shí)，用 which(這.，置于后面) /as(正如 .，置于句首)引導(dǎo) 從句，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“ 第三人稱單數(shù) ”例： The

20、sun heats the earth, which(這) makes it possible for plants to grow. 例： As (正如) we all know, China has the largest population in the world.All/both/few/most/several/some + of which/whom/whose例： There are 9 planets in the solar system, some of which are much larger than our earth.例： The resident ， all

21、 of whose house had been damaged by the flood, were given help by Red Cross.定語(yǔ)從句真題精選1. Do you know the scientist gave us a talk just now? （ 天津市 ）A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whose2. This is the dictionary Mum gave me for my birthday. （ 河北省 ）A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. whom3. Shaolin Temple lies in the west

22、 of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.（河南省 ）A. whereB. whichC. whoD. what4. Do you know the girl is standing under the tree? She is my little sister. （ 福州市 ）A. who B. whom C. whose D. which5. This is the question we are talking about now. （ 吉林省 ）A. that B. whoC. where D. when6.

23、 What are you looking for? I am looking for the book I bought yesterday. （ 長(zhǎng)沙市 ）A. who B. which C. whose7. Jack, there is someone in the office would like to speak with you.A. whoB. which C. whom8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone works hard. （ 臨沂市 ）A. which B. / C. whom D. who9. Many young people prefer the songs have great lyrics. （ 泰安市 ）A. which B. who C. where D. whom10. Even teachers can t understand some expressions their students use in daily life.A. whose B. whoC. thatD