1、高中定語從句詳細講解一 定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。二 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。一般情況下，定語從句緊跟在先行詞之后，定語從句對先行詞起修飾限定作用。三 關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞， 分為關系代詞和關系副詞，關系代詞有who, whom, that, which, whose 和as,關系代詞在定語從句中充當主語，賓語，表語或定語，關系副詞有when, where 和why，在定語從句中充當狀語。四 關系代詞：1. who指人，在定語從句中作主語，賓語。Theboyswhoareplayingfootballarefr

2、omClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics. 那就是教我們物理的老師。 2. whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，常可省略，可用who代替。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談論的那個人。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3. Which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可省略。Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.制造計算機

3、的那家公司離這兒很遠。4. That指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，表語，作賓語時常可省略。Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季節是夏季。Ireceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.昨天我收到了一封來自澳大利亞的信。5. Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。Whose + n.= the +n. + of which/ whom= of which/ whom the +n.來替換That is my classroom

4、 whose windows ( the windows of which= of which the windows) were broken.那個窗戶破了的是我的教室。The boy whose father ( the father of whom= of whom the father) is a doctor is my classmate.他的父親是個醫生的那個男孩是我的同班同學。注意：關系代詞不管是指人，還是指物，在定語從句中做賓語時可以省略， 充當主語不可省。e.g. She is the girl who/ that lives next door.(作主語) The man

5、 who/ whom/ that you met just now is my old friend.(作賓語) September 18.1931 is the day that/ which well never forget.(作賓語) The picture which/ that was about the accident was terrible.(作主語) This is the scientist whose son= the son of whom= of whom the son is only 5 years old.(作定語) That boy whose leg=

6、the leg of whom= of whom the leg was hurt is my brother. (作定語)（練習）：1. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose2. The place _ interested me most was the

7、Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which3. The boy _ is in trouble needs our help. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who 4. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 5. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now

8、under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose6. The boy _ is in trouble needs our help. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who 7. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat8. That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when9. T

9、he factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which10. .It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose11. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .A. whom B. which C. who D. whose12. The boy _ is in t

10、rouble needs our help. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who 13. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 14. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. Athey Bwhere Cwhat Dthat15. Ive become go

11、od friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which1-5 CADCD 6-10DCACD 11-15 CDCDA注意：當關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞在人稱，數的方面應該與先行詞保持一致。e.g. He who laughs last laughs best. English is a language which is easy to learn. 1. on

12、e of +復數名詞+關系代詞+謂語動詞（用復數）e.g. Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam. Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that were played all over the world.2. the only one of+ 復數名詞+關系代詞+謂語動詞（用單數）e.g. Tom is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.（練習）：1. This is one of the best films

13、 _A_.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked2. The number of the people who _C_ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 3. He is one of the boys who often _ to the cinema. A. go B. goes C. has gone D. have gone

14、4. He is the only one of the boys who _a film before. A. doesnt see B. dont see C. hasnt seen D. havent seen在引導定語從句只用that不用which的情況：a.當先行詞為 all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代詞時。All that can be done has been done. b. 先行詞是序數詞、形容詞最高級 或者 當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時。 This

15、 is one of the best films that I have ever seen.This is the best that can be done now. c. 當先行詞被 the very, the only, the last, the same , just, , any, , few , little , no , all 等修飾時。 This is one of the very book that I am looking for. d. 當先行詞既指人又指物時。 He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had se

16、en abroad. e. 當先行詞是疑問詞 who, what, which 時或者句子以疑問詞 who , what , which 打頭時。 Who that has such a home doesnt love it? f. 關系代詞在從句中作表語。 Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.(練習)：1. Whos the comrade _ you just shook hands with?2. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.3. He is

17、 the only man _ I can find for the work.4. You must watch carefully everything _ the teacher does in class.5. This is one of the most exciting football games _ I have ever seen.6. The last place _ we visited in the countryside was a farm.7. The first English novel _ I read was Robinson Crusoe.8. Whe

18、n he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people _ he had visited.9. Is there any question _ troubles you much?10. Who is the man _ is speaking there?11. She is the only person _ understands me.12. This is the very book _ I am after.13. He is not the man _ he used to

19、 be.14. Is there anything _ I can do for you, miss?15. Little has been done _ is helpful to our work.16. Nothing _ he does is badly done.17. Which is the book _ your father bought from New York?18. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.19. All _ is needed is a supply of

20、oil.20. China is no longer the country _ she used to be.五介詞+關系代詞引導定語從句：指物用：介詞+which,指人用：介詞+ who(介詞后不可以用 that、who)e.g. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. The headmaster is the person from whom I got the cup.如果介詞放在定語從句句尾，which可以用that替換，whom可以用that/ who來替換，而且關系代詞可以省略。e.g. The school

21、in which he once worked is a key school. =The school (which /that) he once worked in is a key school.He is a man of rich experience from whom much can be learned. = He is a man of rich experience whom/ who/ that much can be learned from.介詞+關系代詞，介詞的判定：與定語從句的動詞構成固定搭配The two things of which they felt p

22、roud were Jims watch and Dellas hair.In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.This is the book on which I spent six yuan. for which I paid six yuan. from which I learn a lot. in which there are a few new words. about which Tom often talks.根據與先行詞的搭配關系選擇。Ill nev

23、er forget the day on which I first met him. 我永遠忘不了我第一次遇見他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介詞on) Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used? 你能設想一個使用這個詞語的場合嗎？(a situation前面一般用in)有時須同時考慮動詞和介詞的搭配關系及介詞和名詞的搭配關系。 Is that the house in which you once lived 那就是你曾經住過的房子嗎？(Live in the house)用介詞of

24、（表示所屬，表示整體與部分的關系都用of）e.g. Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 請把那本藍封面的書遞給我。（也可用whose cover）Shes got three lucky pens two of which she never uses.根據所要表達的意思來確定。 This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly. 這是我的眼鏡，離了它我什么也看不清。（練習）：1. The old man has two sons, _are lawye

25、rs.A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they2. He is a man of great knowledge, _much can be learned.A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom3.Please pass me the dictionary _cover is black.A. which B. its C. whose D. which of4.The buses,_were already full, were surrounded

26、 by an angry crowd.A. most of them B. most of which C. which most D. that most5.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of_ had not been cleaned for years.A. these B. those C. that D. which6. The professor has two sons, _are teaching in the same university.A. neither of them B. eith

27、er of them C. both of them D. both of whom 7.Oxygen is a kind of gas, _we couldnt live.A. without it B. without that C. without which D. if not8.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor.A of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose9.That is the office _ Lincoln once worked in.A. where B. w

28、hich C. what D. in which10.Those are model workers, some _ are young fellows.A. of that B. of whom C. of who D. of whose11.The Science Building is very beautiful, behind_ there is an orchard.A. which B. what C. this D. these12.Mike, with help Lily learned to ride a bike, is a kind-hearted boy.A. who

29、se B. what C. which D. these1-5 CCCBD 6-10DCDBB 11-12AA六The way做先行詞的用法：當定語從句不完整的時候（缺主語或賓語）：用that/ which來引導，作賓語時可以省略; 當定語從句完整時：可以用that/ in which,而且通常可以省略。e.g. The way (that/ which) he explained to us was quite simple.Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。Idontlikethew

30、ay(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。（練習）：The lazy boy is expecting a way _ he can get through the exams without hard work.A. thatB. in thatC. whichD. where七關系副詞引導定語從句：定語從句中的關系副詞有三個：when, where和why，它們在定語從句中分別作時間、地點和原因狀語，可以用介詞+ which來替換。其句法結構如下：1. 表時間的名詞 + when + 定語從句，when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。e.g. I s

31、till remember the day when I first came to Beijing. =I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.2. 表地點的名詞 + where + 定語從句, where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語e.g. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. = The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.3. 表原因的名

32、詞reason + why + 定語從句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。) why可以用for which來替換。e.g. That is the reason why I did the job. = That is the reason for which I did the job.4.關系副詞引導定語從句的特殊情況：.當先行詞為point, situation, position, case, stage, activity時，定語從句如果缺少狀語用 where 引導。e.g. You reach a point where medicine

33、cant help.We have reached a point where a change is needed.Today, well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.Its put me in a position where I cant afford to take the job.Cheati

34、ng is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 欺詐行為在這種情況下最有可能發生:利益重大,而且欺詐行為被發現的可能性小. 當先行詞為occasion時，定語從句如果缺少狀語用 when 引導。e.g. Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.3.當先行詞為the time, the moment, the day定語

35、從句關系副詞when可以用that來替換，而且可以省略。在“the time when”等結構中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。e.g. During the time I was there I visited him twice.This is my second time I have come to your country.5. 關系代詞和關系副詞的比較：引導定語從句的關系詞除了連接先行詞和定語從句的作用外，還分別在定語從句中作成分。具體地說，關系代詞在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語或定語，而關系副詞在定語從句中作狀語。因此在選擇關系詞的時候，最重要的是分

36、析一下定語從句的成分，若從句中卻主，賓，表或定，那必須用關系代詞；若從句中缺狀語，那必須用關系副詞。e.g.(1) Do you still remember the days that/ which we spent in Qingdao? (2) Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?在句（1）中，定語從句缺賓語，因此用關系代詞：that/ which;在句（2）中，定語從句缺時間狀語，用關系副詞：when(練習)：1. This is the place_ John was

37、born?Awhich Bwhere C. when Dthat2. The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far away village. Auntil Bthat C when D where3. There are times_ I wonder why I do this job Aas Bwhile Cwhich Dwhen4. I dont like the way_ you speak to your teacher A Bin that C. which Dof whic

38、h5. Perhaps this is the only shop_ you can get such cheap goods. A. that Bof which Cby which Dwhere6. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which7. Tom took the police to the spot _ the accident happenedAwhich Bthat Cwhere Dwhen8.

39、 Mary, would you like to help me to think out a situation _ these phrases can be used at the same time?A. which B. that C. as D. where9. He is the only person _ I want to talk to. A. that B. which C. who D. whose10. Is this problem _the teacher explained last week? A the one Bthat Cwhich Done11. Is

40、this the problem _the teacher explained last week? A the one Bthat Cwhose Done 12. I can still remember the place_ my brother and I used to sit in the evening. Awhich Bwhat C .that Dwhere 13. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which14. I can

41、never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when1-5BCDAD 6-10ACDAA 11-14BDCA八非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞起補充說明的作用，缺少它不會對全句的理解，常常用逗號與主句隔開。1. 限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句的區別1.限定性定語從句: 從句不能省略,如果省略整個句子意思不完整。 非限定性定語從句: 從句可以省略,如果省略整個句子意思仍然完整 。 2

42、.限定性定語從句: 先行詞可以用that 引導。 非限定性定語從句: 先行詞不可以用that 引導。 3.限定性定語從句: 引導詞有時可以省略。 非限定性定語從句:引導詞不可以省略。 4.限定性定語從句:主句與從句不需要用逗號隔開。 非限定性定語從句:主句與從句需要用逗號隔開。 5.限定性定語從句: 從句只修飾先行詞。 非限定性定語從句:從句既可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾整個句子或句子的一部分。2. 引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞：關系代詞：which; who; whom; whose關系副詞： where; when( that, why不可以到非限制性定語從句)(用法不變)e.g. Smit

43、h, who was my former teacher, retired last moth. He told me a story yesterday, which I think is very interesting. Tom made a mistake again, which made his mother angry. The room, whose roof= the roof of which= of which the roof is being repaired.3. 介詞+關系代詞也可以引導非限制性定語從句（表示整體與部分的關系時常用： some/ many/ few

44、/ a few/ little/ much/ most/ both/ neither/ all+ which/ whom來引導非限制性定語從句）e.g. Jane was her old friend, from whom she borrowed a necklace. He build a telescope, through which he could study the sky. You have made many mistakes, most of which were due to your carelessness.（練習）：1. The people, _ had been

45、 damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homes B. all of whose homesC. all their homes D. all of their homes2. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which3. I shall nev

46、er forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that4. October 15 th is my birthday, _ I will never forget.A. when B. that C. what D. which5. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the Oly

47、mpic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how6. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 7. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University.A. after whichB. after thatC. in wh

48、ichD. in that8. It is reported that two schools, _are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A. they bothB. which bothC. both of themD. both of which9. Theyve won their last three matches, _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 10. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 p

49、eople, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. themD. those1-5BDADA 6-10DADDA九As作關系代詞引導定語從句的用法：as既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句，as在定語從句中做主，賓語，表語。1. 引導限制性定語從句，常用于以下句式： Such+ n. +as像一樣的，像 The same + n.+ as和同樣的e.g. We have found such materials as are used in th

50、eir factory.我們已經發現了和他們工廠所用一樣的材料。（as作主語） These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.這些房子以人們所期望的價格被賣了。（as做賓語）He is not the same man as he was.他不再和以前一樣了。（as作表語）注意：suchas引導定語從句與suchthat引導狀語從句的區別e.g. He is such a clever child as everyone likes.(定語從句)他是一個人人都喜歡的聰明的孩子。（as做賓語） He is such a cle