1、土木工程專業課程雙語教學巖石力學英語專業詞匯必備(主要選自charles jaeger 著, rock mechanics and engineering 之subject index)河南理工大學土木工程學院2010.10for bi-linguistic teaching of a course in civil engineering specialtyessencial english glossaryfor rock mechanics(mainly from the subject index of rock mechanics andengineering by charles

2、jaeger )school of civil engineering, henan polytechnic universityoctober, 2010aabscissa橫坐標agarage of rocksvoid index ， index of voidaging of rock massesair ， permeability of rock to altazimuth巖石，石頭，瓊脂 巖石（地質）年代，巖石時效 空隙系數 巖體的時效 巖石的透氣性 高度方位角，地平經緯儀alluviumalteration of rockamerican society of engineerin

3、ggeologistsamerican task committee沖積土，沖積層，泥沙 巖石遍化，巖層變化 美國工程地質協會美國特別工作委員會amphibolite amortization閃巖 阻尼anchorage of cablesanchored cables索錨固，鋼索錨固錨索compression tests with cables forces in cablesrock reinforcement利用錨索進行的壓縮試驗 錨索中的力 巖石加固，shear tests with cables錨索剪切試驗anchored dams錨固壩，錨桿支護壩體anchors， steel(

4、rock bolts ) andesiteanisotropyanalysis of of rock masses鋼錨桿 安山石 各向異性，有向性，非均質性 各向異性分析 巖體的各向異性 of rock material巖石材料的的各向異性anticline背斜arch of rock ， selfsustaining arch dams自穩巖石（平衡）拱 拱壩abutments of drainage for foundations of reserve of strength of 拱壩的基礎，壩基，拱壩支撐結構 拱壩排水 拱壩基礎 拱壩的強度儲備9rotation of base of

5、arch gravity damsarching ， degree ofargilolithaustrian method for estimating rock jointing for in situ tunnel tests for tunnel liningaustrian society for geophysics andengineering geologyaustrian society of rock mechaniesautostabilization of rock slidesavalanches， comparison of rock slides toazimuth

6、basaltbedding jointsorientation of bending test， for tensile strength bentonitebibliographybiotitebiotite gneissbiotite schistsbirefringence method of measuringresidual rock stressblasting ， stresses caused by blow out of rock masses under dam bolts ( 同 rock bolts) bore holes in grouting of dam foun

7、dations measuring deformations of boussinesqboussinesq-cerrutti equation boussinesq half-space拱壩基礎的旋轉重力拱壩，拱形重力壩成拱度，成拱性（一種巖石 ）奧地利施工法奧地利巖石節理評估法奧地利隧道現場試驗法奧地利隧道支護法奧地利地球物理與工程地質協會奧地利巖石力學協會巖石滑坡自穩化巖石滑坡與雪崩的對比方位角，方位bi-ju玄武巖層理層理方向彎曲拉伸試驗優質粘土文獻，評述，參考書目黑云母黑云母片麻巖黑云母片巖原巖應力雙折射測試法爆破引起的應力，爆破應力壩基下的鼓出巖石錨桿鉆孔壩基澆筑混凝土中的鉆孔鉆孔

8、變形測量鮑賽恩斯鮑賽恩斯-斯蘭提方程鮑賽恩斯半空間brazilian tensile testbrittle fracture of rock巴西拉伸試驗 巖石脆性破壞，巖石脆性斷裂 at surface地表巖石脆性破壞 under dams壩基巖石脆性破壞 at vajont buckling strength buttress威捷巖石脆性破壞 彎曲強度 撐墻，支柱buttress dams支撐壩buttresses， failure of支撐體破壞ccables， anchoredconsolidation by means of for in-situ tests of deformat

9、ion錨索 錨索加固 用于現場變形試驗的錨索calcitecambrian rockscarboniferous rocks方解石 寒武紀巖石 石炭紀巖石catchment集水，匯水caving and subsidencecavities ， strains and stresses about hayashi s solutioncave垮落與沉陷，塌陷與下沉 峒室周圍的應變與應力 哈亞斯的峒室周圍的應變與應力解 巖洞cavern巖洞，大洞cement， grouting with cemented rock水泥注漿，水泥灌漿 膠結性巖石chalkcharacteristics of ro

10、ck masses白堊 特性，特點，特征 巖石的特征 of rock material巖石礦物的特性chemical effects of water on rock水對巖石的化學影響，水對巖石的化學 作用chert角石，黑硅石chlorite綠泥巖，亞氯酸巖circular loaded plate ， strains under circumfrential stresses ， round cavities classification of rocks應變條件下的圓形加載盤 峒室周圍的環向（或切向）應力 巖石分類 by crusning strength of rocks by rad

11、ial permeability testscleftconventional classificationengineering classification of intact rocksgeological classification of rocksclassification of rocks by ageclassification of rocks accordng to ： hardness， density ， silicon content ， rock material ， rock quality designation (q.r.d) rock slidessand

12、stonesstrain-stress curveselastic rock masses， theory of stresses inclasticclay-shalesclayey schistsclaysshear strength of slopes of cleft water pressure on slopes on tunnels under damscoagutantcoalcobblecohesion of rockloss of low values of collapse of tunnel roof or wallcompacted rockcompactness o

13、f rock masscompression ( crushing ) strength依據破碎強度的巖石分類 依據徑向滲透試驗的巖石分類劈裂 傳統分類法 完整巖石的工程分類巖石的地質分類 依據地質年代的巖石分類 依據硬度，密度，硅含量，巖石礦物， 巖石質量指標的巖石分類巖石滑動，巖石滑移 砂巖應力-應變曲線彈性巖體中的應力理論碎屑的 粘土質頁巖 粘土質片巖，含粘土片巖 粘土，泥土 粘土的剪切強度 粘土邊坡 裂隙水壓力 邊坡裂隙水壓力 隧道裂隙水壓力 壩底裂隙水壓力 凝結劑煤 大卵石 巖石的粘性 巖石粘性損失 巖石粘性低值 隧道冒頂或片幫 壓實巖石，壓密巖石 巖體的壓實度 壓縮（破碎）強度碎屑

14、巖，礫石 壓縮強度與彈性的關系 壓縮強度與加載率的關系 壓縮強度與回彈的關系 干燥和含水巖石的抗壓（破碎）強度抗壓強度試驗 壓應力試驗結果的離差 壓應力 壓應力分布 巖體中的壓應力 巖石試件中的壓應力分布 壓應力試驗的尺寸效應壓力室 現場壓應力試驗 計算機的應用 混凝土 巖石與混凝土的邊界 巖石與混凝土的比較 混凝土壓縮（力）試驗 混凝土蠕變 混凝土彈性 混凝土剪切試驗 利用混凝土穩定潛在的巖石滑坡混凝土支護的隧道 混凝土中的凍脹壓力，混凝土中的向上 水壓力 混凝土澆筑：早期的混凝土澆筑技術， 早期的混凝土應用技術 骨料，集料 錨索巖體加固，巖體注漿加固載荷作用下的巖體加固 連續巖石力學 等高

15、線圖，輪廓線圖conglomeratecorrelations of with elasticity with rate of loading with reboundcompression( crushing) strength of dry and wet rockcompression strength testsdispersion of result of compression stressdistribution of in rock masses on rock samplesscale effect in compression strength testscompressi

16、on chamberin-situ compression stress testscomputer, use ofconcreteboundary between rock and comparisons of rock and compression tests on creep of elasticity of shear tests on stabilization of potential rock slides by tunnels lined with uplift pressure in concreting ： early concreting techniqueconglo

17、meratesconsolidation of rock masses by cades, by groutingconsolidation of rock masses under loadcontinuum rock mechancscontour diagrams convergence in tunnels 隧道中的收斂correlations of rock characteristicscounterfortcrushing strength ，tensile strength ， shear strength versus void indexdispersion of crus

18、hing strength versus radal percolation testsdispersion of ed (dynamic) versus es (static), ed/ es versus wave lenth 入,e (plate load tests) versus transversal velocitycoulomb( coulomb-mohr ) law of shear counterfortscracks in griffith theory of rock rupturecreep of concretecontinuous in the slide, of

19、 rock masses, of rock materialvelocity of cretaceous rockscross joints in sedimentary rockscrushing of rock masses round tunnelscrushing strengthcrystalline rockcrystallographydam abutment blocksdam abutmentsdisplacements of elasticity of failure of models ofreinforcement of stability of stresses in

20、 dam foundations巖石特性的相關性護墻，擋墻破碎強度，抗拉強度，抗剪強度與空隙度（性）抗壓強度與徑向滲透試驗的離散性動態ed與靜態 es, ed/ es與波長入，e（板加載試驗）與橫波波速的離散性庫侖（庫侖-莫爾）剪應力定律或準則拱柱格里菲斯巖石斷裂理論中的裂紋蠕變混凝土蠕變滑坡中的連續蠕變，巖體蠕變，巖石礦物蠕變蠕變速度白堊紀巖石交叉節理，穿透節理沉積巖中的交叉節理巖石破碎隧道周圍的巖體破碎破碎強度晶狀巖石結晶學d大壩側向支撐體，大壩端部支撐體大壩側向支撐，大壩端部支撐大壩側向支撐的位移大壩側向支撐的彈性大壩側向支撐的破壞大壩側向支撐模型大壩側向支撐的加固大壩側向支撐的穩定性大

21、壩側向支撐中的應力壩基礎anchorage of dams 壩體錨固blow out of rock masses under a dam 壩下方得巖體爆裂classical approachconsolidation of design and construction of displacements of drainage of grouting for failures of geomechanical model tests of grouting of percolating water in reinforcement of rocks suitable for rotation

22、 of stability of stratified foundationsstresses in zone of tensile stressesdamschoice of sites for grout curtain under model tests of profile of settlement of large deflectometersdeformability of rockdeformationirreversible measurement of modulus of reversible in settlement of large damsdensity of r

23、ockdeviation ( standard)經典方法 壩基加固 壩基的設計與施工壩基位移 壩基排水壩基注漿 壩基的破壞壩基的地質力學（巖土力學）模型試驗 壩基注漿壩基滲水 壩基加固壩基巖石穩定性 壩基旋轉壩基穩定性 層狀基礎壩基中的應力 拉應力區壩，大壩，水壩 大壩位置選擇壩下注漿帷幕 大壩模型試驗大壩剖面，大壩輪廓，大壩側面 大壩沉降撓度計，撓度儀 巖石變形能力，巖石變形性變形 不可逆變形，塑性變形變形測量 變形模量可逆變形，彈性變形 壩基沉降中的變形巖石密度偏差， （標準）偏差diabasediorite輝綠巖閃長巖dip of strata detritus地層傾向，巖層傾斜 巖屑，

24、碎屑discontinuities in rock巖石中的斷層，巖石中的間斷面displacement curves， in shear testsdisplacement vectorsdisplacements in dam abutments in dam foundations under loading plates under point loadsdogger limestonedolomite doorstpoper method of measuring strain in rockdrainage of tunnels剪切試驗中的位移曲線 位移矢量 位移 壩支撐位移 壩基位

25、移 加載板作用下的位移 點載荷下的位移 朵格爾石灰巖 白云巖，白云石 巖石中應變測量的門塞法排水，排水裝置 隧道排水dynamic testsdynamics of slides動態試驗 滑坡動力學eearth dams土壩，泥土壩earthquakeeffective cohesion地震有效內聚力，有效粘結力，有效凝聚力effective moduus and poisson ratioeffective stress有效模量與泊松比 有效應力 in rock masses巖體中的有效應力 in rock material巖石中的有效應力effective shear stresseffl

26、uentelastic deformation of rock有效剪應力 滲漏，流出 巖石的彈性變形elasticity modulus e of concrete compared with that of rockelasticity modulus e（ static ） of rock at depth混凝土的彈性模量e與巖石相比下的混凝土的彈性模量巖石的（靜態）彈性模量e深部巖石的彈性模量1 9correlation of differerent determinations of elasticitydeterminations of in dams designing found

27、ationdeterminations of by seismic wavedeterminations of in investigation of dam sitesdeterminations of by ultrasonic wave in strain-stress calcutalionselasticity modulus e(d dynamid ) of rock ratio of static modulus to elasticity modulus et( ratio of values at 50 and 100 ultimate strength ) elastici

28、ty modulus etotal (ratio of stress to deformation ： bulk modulus) electrical resistivity method of testing rock masses epoxy resincoating or rock sample with strength of equipotentialexcavationsrock movements caused by extensometers for boreholessonor extradosfailure of rockbrittle failure, shear fa

29、ilure, tensile failure, visco-plastic failure progressive failure of rock massfailure of dam foundationsfailure of rock slopesfailure of tunnels and caverns不同方法確定的彈性模量關系彈性，彈力壩基設計中的彈性確定彈性的地震波法確定壩體現場研究中的彈性確定彈性的超聲波法確定應變-應力計算中的彈性確定巖石的（動態）彈性模量ed巖石的靜態模量與動態模量比彈性模量e（t 50%極限強度與100%極限強度時的模量值比）彈性模量etotal （應力與變

30、形比：體積寞量）巖體試驗的電阻法環氧樹脂環氧樹脂涂層或涂有環氧樹脂的巖石試件環氧樹脂的強度等位，等電位峒室，開挖開挖引起的巖石位移（移動）伸長計，變形測定儀鉆孔伸長計，鉆孔變形測定儀帶聲響的變形測定儀拱背線，外拱線f巖石破壞，巖石斷裂脆性破壞，剪切破壞，拉伸破壞，粘-塑形破壞巖體的漸進破壞壩基破壞巖石邊坡破壞隧道與峒室破壞failure criterion破壞準則，斷裂準則failures破壞fall of rock巖石冒落，冒頂faults in rock巖石中的斷層boling of 巖石斷層錨固 and engineering works巖石斷層與工程施工filling material

31、 in 巖石斷層中的沖填材料slides along 沿巖石斷層的滑動felspar長石filling material填充物，填充材料effect of percolating water in 填充物中滲水的影響tests on 填充物試驗finite element method ( f. e. m. ) of巖石應力分析的有限元方法numerical stress analysis fissuration porosity破壞的多孔性fissure in rock巖石中的裂紋，巖石中的裂縫 along dam heel沿壩跟（踵）巖石裂縫classification of 巖石裂縫分類

32、 and compression strength巖石裂縫與抗壓強度deformation of 巖石裂縫變形 and effective elasticity巖石裂縫與有效彈性estimates of extent of 巖石破裂的程度估計grouting of 巖石裂縫注漿 over pressure tumels壓力隧洞上方的巖石裂縫rock slide along 沿巖石裂縫的巖石滑動 and stability巖石裂縫與穩定性 and stress distribution巖石裂縫與應力分布tensile strength and average length of 抗拉強度與巖石裂

33、縫平均長度water flow in 巖石裂縫中的水流water pressure in 巖石裂縫中的水壓力flood, dam failure caused by涌水引起的大壩破壞flow of rock masses巖體流，泥石流continuous flow, discontinuous flow連續流與間斷流flow of water in rock masses巖石中的水流convergent or divergent flow匯集流與發散流foliation, plane offoundationfractures of rockcorrelation between rqd fr

34、equency of flow of water in plane of frictionangle of angle of for different rockstests for angle of coefficient of coefficient of for filling materialinternal , internal anglefriction factor among faults for rock on rock and shear strengthfriction forcegabbrogalleriesdischarge pressurized gapgas, u

35、nderground storage ofgaugestrain rosette of geodeticgeological mappinggeo1ogy of dam sites and rock grouting生葉面，葉理面，分層面 基礎 巖石斷裂，巖石裂縫and 巖石質量指標與巖石破裂頻率的關系巖石裂縫中的水流 巖石破裂面 摩擦 摩擦角 不同巖石的摩擦角 摩擦角試驗摩擦系數 填充材料的摩擦系數 內摩擦，內摩擦角 摩擦系數 斷層間的摩擦系數 巖石對巖石的摩擦系數 摩擦系數與抗剪強度 摩擦力g輝長巖 水平隧道，水平坑道，巷道 卸壓隧道 壓力隧道，受壓隧道 裂口，間隙，縫隙 地下儲油庫 量規

36、，量表，傳感器 應變傳感器 玫瑰花瓣的應變片叢 測地的，大地測量學的，測地學的 地質圖 地質學，地質概況 壩址的地質概況 地質概況與巖石注漿 地質學與巖石力學 and rock mechanics of undersround power station地下電站地質學，地下發電廠房的地質 概況geomorphological geophonegeophysical tahniquesgeorgia institute of technology geothermal gradient glaciergneiss for dam foundationseffect of water on kao

37、linized permeability of gougegranitecompression strength of creep curve of rebound number of 地形的 小型地震儀，地音探測儀 地球物理學方法 喬治亞工業學院，喬治亞理工學院 地熱梯度，地溫梯度 冰河，冰川 片麻巖 用于壩基的片麻巖 水對片麻巖的影響 高嶺土化的片麻巖 片麻巖的滲透性，片麻巖的滲水性 溝，鑿孔，斷層泥 花崗巖 花崗巖的抗壓強度 花崗巖的蠕變曲線 花崗巖的回彈數strain-stress curve for weathered 花崗巖的應變-應力曲線風化花崗巖gravity damsgrif

38、fith hoek theory of rupture rocksgrout curtains under damswater seepage through grouting with cementconsolidation of rock by pressure of rock round tunnels重力壩of 巖石的格里非斯-虎克斷裂理論壩下的注漿帷幕透過壩下注漿帷幕的滲水性注漿，灌漿水泥注漿巖石注漿加固注漿壓力隧道周圍的巖石注漿 with silicatestechniques of of tunnelsgunitegypsum硅酸鹽注漿，注入硅酸鹽漿液 注漿技術 隧道注漿 壓力噴

39、漿，噴射水泥砂漿，砂漿 石膏half-space homogeneous elasticelastic half-spacefissured and continuous loaded halfspacehardness of rocksheat flow, equation forheim s hypothesisheim s paradoxhexagonalhomogeneous zoneshorizontal stress in dam foundation zone from hydrostatic pressurehydraulic gradienthydraulic potenti

40、al lineshydrodynamic force on rock masshydrogeologyhydro power tunnelshydrostatic pressure on dam foundationdistribution of and residual stress in rock on rock mass in rock saltstresses round pressure tunnels caused by icediscontinuous flow of in rock fissuresideal stressigneous rocksh半空間均質彈性的 彈性半空間

41、 裂隙及連續彈性半空間 受災半空間 巖石的硬度 熱流動方程，熱傳遞方程 赫米假設 赫米自相矛盾論，赫米似是而非論 六邊形的，六角形的 均質區 水平應力 壩基礎中的水平應力 靜水壓引起的水平應力區 水力梯度 水力勢線 作用于巖體上的動水壓力 水文地質學 水力隧洞 靜水壓力 作用于壩基礎上的靜水壓力 靜水壓力分布 巖石中的靜水壓力與原巖應力 作用于巖體上的靜水壓力 巖質鹽礦中的應力 靜水壓力的壓力隧洞周邊應力i冰 不連續冰流 巖石裂隙中的冰 理想應力 火成巖侵入及部分侵入巖體浸水，浸入 滲入的，飽和的 注入，浸滲 現場試驗與測量 現場鉆孔試驗 現場壓力試驗 現場滲透試驗，現場滲水試驗 現場承載板試

42、驗 固結 倫敦土木工程研究所，倫敦土木工程學 院 國際大壩委員會國際巖石力學協會，國際巖石力學學會 間隙水 固有曲線，本質曲線 固有曲線的定義 固有區 拱內圈，拱底面 離子 各向同性巖石j千斤頂 液壓千斤頂 用千斤頂完成的現場試驗 位于壩趾的千斤頂 沖擊試驗，千斤頂加載試驗 節理 節理測量儀 巖石中的節理 節理分類 節理與粘結力immersed and partly immersed rock massesimmersionimpregnatedimpregnationin situ tests and measurementsin situ bore hole testsin situ co

43、mpression testsin situ permeability testsin situ plate bearing testsindurationintitution of civil engineering ， londoninternational committee on largedams （ icold ）international society of rock mechanicsinterstitial waterintrinsic curvedefinition of intrinsic zoneintradosionisotropic rock massistitu

44、to sperimentale modelli estructure （ismes ）jackcylindrical field tests with in toe of damjacking testjoint meterin rockclassification of and cohesion and critical angle of slopesand differences between laboratory and in-situ tests of deformation, of elasticityorientation of shearing at spacing of st

45、rength of and strength of rockjurassic rockkaolinizationkelvin voight model for rock deformationskinetic energy of rock masseslaboratoric nacional de engenhariacivil ， lisbonlaboratory tests on rock material or filling material on crushing strength on shear strength on water percolation on wave velo

46、citylandslidelaplace equationlasalle research laboratory ， montreal lava leakage liaslimestonecompression strength of for dam foundationselasticity of permeability of 節理與邊坡臨界角節理與變形、彈性的實驗室與現場試驗結果之間的偏差節理方向節理面剪切節理間距節理強度節理與巖石強度侏羅紀巖石k高嶺土化作用，高嶺石化作用開爾文-維埃特巖石變形模型巖體的動能l里斯本試驗室試驗巖塊或充填材料的實驗室試驗試驗室破碎強度試驗試驗室剪切強度試驗

47、試驗是滲水試驗波速試驗室試驗山崩，崩塌的泥石拉普拉斯方程蒙特利爾拉斯爾研究實驗室熔巖，火山巖漏，滲漏青石灰巖石灰巖石灰巖的抗壓強度用于壩基建造的石灰巖石灰巖的彈性石灰巖的滲透性strain-stress curves of swelling of line-load tests for antisotropy for tensile strengthliningstresses in of tunnelliplithologyload cellsload strain diagramloadingconsolidation under rate of in test on a slopelos

48、s of water under dam from tunnelslugeon grouting techniques unitmacrofractures and permeability malmmalm limestonemanifestationmanometermarblemarl-clay sandstonemarlspermeability of power station in 石灰巖的應變-應力曲線石灰巖膨脹，石灰巖剪脹線載荷試驗各向異性線載荷試驗抗拉強度線載荷試驗支護，襯砌支護體中應力隧道支護邊，緣巖石學，巖性學壓力盒，載荷傳感器載荷 -應變圖加載，載荷施載加固試驗中的加載

49、率邊坡上的載荷滲水，漏水壩體滲水隧道滲水羅吉恩羅吉恩注漿技術羅吉恩系統m宏觀裂紋宏觀裂紋與滲透性石灰質砂，泥灰砂馬爾蒙石灰巖現象，體現，表現形式（流體）壓力表大理石灰泥質砂巖泥灰，泥灰土泥灰土的滲透性修建于泥灰土中的發電站mechanical properties of rock materialmercali scalemetamorphic rockmica schistmicaceous quartzitemicrofissures induced by compression and permeabilitymicrofracturesmining engineeringmineral

50、ogymodel testing of dam abutments of dam of percolation of water of reservoir basin of rock mass of sliding surface of underground power stationmodulusdynamic moduluseffective modulus in situ testing of rock mass laboratory testsstatic in stratified rock massmoduus of deformation or bulk modulusmodu

51、lus of elasticity ( young modulus)modulus of rigiditymohr circleexamples of use of mole-for tunnel excavation without blastingmoment ， displacements caused by momentum equation巖石礦物材料的力學性質麥氏級變質巖云母片巖云母石英巖微裂隙受壓引起的微裂隙微裂隙與滲透性微觀破壞， 、微觀斷裂采礦工程礦物學模型試驗壩體支撐的模型試驗壩體模型試驗滲水性模型試驗水庫體模型試驗巖體模型試驗滑動面模型試驗地下電站模型試驗系數，模數，模量

52、動態模量有效模量巖石模量現場試驗模量試驗室試驗靜態模量層狀巖體的模量邊形模量或體積模量彈性模量（楊氏模量）剛度模量莫爾圓莫爾圓應用實例全斷面隧道掘進機-用于隧道的非爆破掘進力矩引起的位移力矩方程morainemortar ， grouting withmudstonemylonitenational coal board ， britainneedle test, for anisotropynewtons law for movement of rockmassodometeroozingopenings in rock massescircular parallel circular re

53、ctangular square stress and strain about , due to residual stress; due to hydrostatic pressure in the tunnelophiteorthogonaloval-shpedoverburdengrout preesure and minimum for pressure tunnelovercoring method for measuring residual stresses in rockoverstrained rock ， round tunnelsparallelepipedspegmatitepenstock冰磧，冰磧層 注入砂漿，砂漿注漿 泥巖 糜棱