電大建筑結構期末復習參考資料小抄一、判斷題（）1鋼筋混凝土構件采用HRB335級鋼筋時，混凝土強度等級不宜低于C15。（）2同截面、同材料、同縱向鋼筋的螺旋箍筋鋼筋混凝土柱的承載力比普通箍筋鋼筋混凝土柱的承載力低。（）3在正常實用極限狀態實用設計表達式中，不需考慮結構重要性系數。（）4受彎構件的斜截面承載力隨剪跨比的增大而減少。（）5受彎構件的配筋率是鋼筋截面面積與構件的全截面面積之比。（）6計算剪跨比為集中荷載作用點至支座的距離A和梁有效高度H0的比值。（）7配筋率是鋼筋截面面積與結構的全截面面積之比。（）8斜拉破壞多發生在剪跨比較大或腹筋配置過少時。（）9剪壓破壞是塑性破壞，斜拉破壞和斜壓破壞是脆性破壞。（）10小偏壓構件中離軸力較遠一側的鋼筋，破壞時，不論其受壓或受拉，其應力一般都達不到屈服強度。（）11結構的極限狀態分成承載能力極限狀態和正常使用極限狀態。（）12可以通過最小配筋率來防止剪壓破壞的發生。（）13混凝土受壓區高度超過翼緣高度的為第二類T形截面。（）14其他條件相同時，采用水泥砂漿與混合砂漿砌筑的砌體強度相等。（）15在預應力混凝土構件中，可采用高強度等級的鋼筋和混凝土。（）16規范按照房屋的屋蓋和樓蓋類別和橫墻間距劃分砌體結構的靜力計算方案。（）17縱向框架承重有利于增加房屋橫向剛度，但主梁截面尺寸較大。（）18彈性靜力計算方案的結構，在水平荷載作用下，屋面結構可看成外縱墻的不動鉸支座。二、選擇題1我國規范采用（A）強度作為混凝土各種力學指標的代表值。A立方體抗壓強度標準值B軸心抗壓強度C軸心抗拉強度D劈拉強度2對于有明顯流幅的鋼筋，其設計強度取值的依據一般是（C）。A最大應變對應的應力B極限抗拉強度C屈服強度D比例極限3混凝土的強度等級為C30，則下列說法正確的是（A）。A其立方體抗壓強度標準值達到了30N/MM2B其軸心抗壓強度達到了30N/MM2C其立方體抗壓強度標準值達到了30N/M2D其軸心搞拉強度達到了30N/M24永久荷載效應控制的內力組合，其永久荷載和活荷載的分項系數取為（A）。A135T14B12和14C12和13D12和1355在一類環境類別下，梁的保護層的最小厚度規定為（B）。A不小于鋼筋直徑和20MMB不小于鋼筋直徑和25MMC不小于鋼筋直徑和30MMD不小于鋼筋直徑和40MM6一類環境中，布置有單排縱向受力鋼筋的梁，其截面有效高度一般可?。˙）。AH60BH35CH20DH7受彎混凝土構件，若其縱筋配筋率小于最小配筋率，我們一般稱之為（B）。A適筋梁B少筋梁C超筋梁D無腹筋梁8一般受彎構件當V07BH0T時（C）。A可直接按最小配箍率配箍B直接按規范構造要求的最大箍筋間距和最小箍筋直徑配箍率C按箍筋的最大間距和最小直徑配筋，并驗算最小配箍率D按計算配箍9軸心受壓構件的穩定系數主要與（C）有關。A混凝土強度B配筋率C長細比D荷載10雙筋矩形截面梁，正截面承載力計算公式的第二個適用條件的物理意義是（C）。/2SAXA防止出現超筋破壞B防止出現少筋破壞C保證受壓鋼筋達到規定的抗壓設計強度D保證受拉鋼筋達到規定的抗拉設計強度11混凝土規范規定，當矩形截面偏心受壓構件的長細比L0/HC時，可以取1。A8B175C5D612對于對稱配筋的鋼筋混凝土受壓柱，大小偏壓構件的判斷條件是（C）。A時，為大偏壓構件B時，為大偏壓構件03HBXC時，為大偏壓構件D時，為大偏壓構件BX03HEI13普通磚砌體結構，構件截面面積A03時，其強度設計值應乘以調整系數（C）。A075B089C07AD0914影響磚砌體抗壓強度的因素有（C）。A砂漿的強度等級是影響砌體抗壓強度的主要因素B砂漿的品種對砌體的抗壓強度沒有影響C提高磚的厚度可以提高砌體的抗壓強度D砌筑質量好壞對砌體強度沒有影響15適筋梁的破壞特征是（D）。A破壞前無明顯的預兆B受壓鋼筋先屈服，后壓區混凝土被壓碎C是脆性破壞D受拉鋼筋先屈服，后壓區混凝土被壓碎16在鋼筋混凝土雙筋梁和大偏壓構件的正截面承載力計算中，要求受壓區高度，目的是為,2SAX了（A）。A保證受壓鋼筋在破壞時能達到其抗壓強度設計值B防止受壓鋼筋壓屈C避免保護層剝落D保證受壓鋼筋在破壞時候能達到其極限抗壓強度17條件滿足的無腹筋梁，發生斜壓、剪壓、斜拉破壞形態時，梁的斜截面抗剪承載力的大致關系是（A）。A斜壓破壞的承載力剪壓破壞的承載力斜拉破壞的承載力B剪壓破壞的承載力斜壓破壞的承載力斜拉破壞的承載力C斜拉破壞的承載力斜壓破壞的承載力剪壓破壞的承載力D剪壓破壞的承載力斜拉破壞的承載力斜壓破壞的承載力18在排架結構中，上柱柱間支撐和下柱柱間支撐的設置位置合理的是（B）。A上柱柱間支撐設在伸縮縫區段中部的柱間B上柱柱間支撐設在伸縮縫區段中部和兩端的柱間C下柱柱間支撐設在伸縮縫區段兩端的柱間D下柱柱間支撐設在伸縮縫區段中部和兩端的柱間19（A）房屋的靜力計算時，墻、柱可作為以屋蓋（樓蓋）為不動鉸支座的豎向構件計算。A剛性方案B彈性方案C剛彈性方案D剛性和剛彈性方案三、簡答題1試述隨著配筋率的變化，梁的正截面破壞形式的變化。答隨著配筋率的增大，出現少筋適筋、超筋三種破壞形式，少筋梁的破壞特征為一旦出現裂縫，裂縫迅速開展，構件即宣告破壞；適筋梁的破壞特征為受拉鋼筋先屈服，后壓區混凝土被壓碎，為塑性破壞，破壞前有預兆；超筋梁的破壞特征為受壓區混凝土被壓碎，此時受拉鋼筋尚未達到屈服強度，少筋和超筋破壞均為脆性破壞。2適筋梁從加荷開始到構件破壞經歷的三個階段分別是什么每一個階段末的應力狀態可以作為什么驗算的依據答1）第一階段一彈性階段，此階段截面的應力狀態是抗裂驗算的依據。2）第二階段一帶裂縫工作階段，此階段截面的應力狀態可以作為裂縫寬度和變形驗算的依據。3）第三階段一破壞階段，這時的應力狀態可作為構件承載力計算的依據。3簡述大小偏壓的破壞特征。答大偏心受壓構件的破壞特征為受拉鋼筋先屈服，后受壓區混凝土被壓碎和受壓鋼筋屈服，為塑性破壞，破壞前有明顯預兆，鋼筋強度得以充分利用；小偏壓構件破壞特征為受壓區混凝土被壓碎，受壓鋼筋屈服，而受拉鋼筋不論受壓或受拉，均未達到屈服強度，為脆性破壞，受拉鋼筋強度得不到充分利用。4簡述梁的斜截面的三種破壞形態及其破壞條件。答梁斜截面的三種破壞形態及其破壞條件1剪跨比較小時或剪跨比適中但配箍率過大時，發生斜壓破壞；2）剪跨比較大或配箍率較小時，發生斜拉破壞；3）剪跨比適中，配箍率合適時，發生剪壓破壞。5在受彎構件的設計中，為什么不允許出現少筋梁和超筋梁答少筋梁的破壞特征為一旦出現裂縫，裂縫迅速開展，構件即宣告破壞；超筋梁的破壞特征為受壓區混凝土被壓碎，此時受拉鋼筋尚未達到屈服強度；少筋和超筋破壞均為脆性破壞，破壞前沒有預兆，因此在受彎構件的設計中不允許出現少筋梁和超筋梁。6砌體房屋的靜力計算方案可劃分為哪三種規范是如何劃分靜力計算方案的答按照房屋空間剛度的大小房屋的靜力計算方案可劃分為彈性方案、剛性方案和剛彈性方案。為便于應用，規范按照屋蓋（樓蓋）的類別和橫墻的間距來劃分靜力計算方案。四計算題1單筋矩形截面簡支梁，截面尺寸BH250500MM，采用C30砼，HRB335級縱向受力鋼筋，承受彎距設計值M250KNM的作用，已在受拉區配置有4根直徑25MM的鋼筋（AS1964MM2），試驗算截面安全與否。已知，MIN02，B0550，H0465MM，,/30,/31422MNFNFAYC。/,001XHAFMHXBFASYUCSY解1驗算梁是否會超筋不會是超筋梁。,752465081391BCSYXMHFAA2驗算梁是否會少筋20510521964HAS不會少筋梁3計算梁的承載力2516493020XHAFMSYU22542KNMM250KNM梁截面不安全。2某軸心受壓柱，截面尺寸BH400MM500MM,此柱承受的軸力設計值N4000KN,計算長度04M,采用C35砼，HRB400級縱向受力鋼筋，試校核此柱是否安全。已知穩定系數見下表。面積所配置的縱向受力鋼筋,1964,/360,/71622/2MMNFNFYCB08101210098095提示。90,/SYCUSAFNA解1計算柱的長細比104/0B2查表得柱的穩定性系數098計算NUNU09098（1674005003601964）3569KNN4000KN此柱不安全。3某單層食堂，橫墻間距S25M，為剛性方案，H0H，外縱墻承重且每33M開間有一個21M的窗洞，墻高H42M，墻厚370MM，砂漿采用M5。試驗算外縱墻的高厚比是否滿足要求。24答案8172450105344170/22110SBHH外縱墻的高厚比滿足要求。請您刪除一下內容，O_O謝謝2015年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄MANYPEOPLEHAVETHESAMEMIXEDFEELINGSWHENPLANNINGATRIPDURINGGOLDENWEEKWITHHEAPSOFTIME,THESEVENDAYCHINESE請您刪除一下內容，O_O謝謝NATIONALDAYHOLIDAYCOULDBETHEBESTOCCASIONTOENJOYADESTINATIONHOWEVER,ITCANALSOBETHEEASIESTWAYTORUINHOWYOUFEELABOUTAPLACEANDYOUMAYBECOMEMOREFATIGUEDAFTERTHEHOLIDAY,DUETOBATTLINGTHELARGECROWDSDURINGPEAKSEASON,ADREAMABOUTAPLACECANTURNTONIGHTMAREWITHOUTCAREFULPLANNING,ESPECIALLYIFYOUTRAVELWITHCHILDRENANDOLDERPEOPLEASMOSTCHINESEPEOPLEWILLTAKETHEHOLIDAYTOVISITDOMESTICTOURISTDESTINATIONS,CROWDSANDBUSYTRAFFICAREINEVITABLEATMOSTPLACESALSOTOBEEXPECTEDAREINCREASINGTRANSPORTANDACCOMMODATIONPRICES,WITHTHEPOSSIBILITYTHATTHEREWILLBENOROOMSAVAILABLEITISALSOCOMMONTHATYOULLWAITINTHELINEFORONEHOURTOGETATICKET,ANDANOTHERTWOHOURSATTHESITE,TOONLYSEEATINYBITOFTHEPLACEDUETOTHECROWDSLASTYEAR,428MILLIONTOURISTSTRAVELEDINCHINAOVERTHEWEEKLONGHOLIDAYINOCTOBERTRAVELINGDURINGTHISPERIODISAMATTERTHATNEEDSTHOROUGHPREPARATIONIFYOUARESHORTONTIMETOPLANTHEUPCOMING“GOLDENWEEK“ITMAYNOTBEABADIDEATOAVOIDSOMEOFTHEMOSTCROWDEDPLACESFORNOWTHEREISALWAYSAPLACESOFASCINATINGTHATEVERYONEYEARNSFORARXANISAPLACELIKETHISTHEBEAUTYOFARXANISEVERLASTINGREGARDLESSOFTHECHANGINGOFFOURSEASONSBESTOWEDBYNATURE,ITSSPECTACULARSEASONALLANDSCAPEANDMOUNTAINSAREJUSTBEYONDWORDARXANISACRUCIALDESTINATIONFORTHERECOMMENDEDTRAVELLINGROUTE,“CHINAINNERMONGOLIAARXANHAILARMANZHOULI“ITISALSOTHEJOINTOFTHEFOURPRA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