定語從句知識點講解一、知識點梳理在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。其中被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞，引導定語從句的引導詞分為三類，分別為關系代詞、關系副詞、介詞+關系代詞。引導詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間，起著連接主從句、指代先行詞和在句子中作成分的三重作用。引導詞： 關系代詞: that：可指人亦可指物；作主語或賓語which：指物；作主語或賓語 who：指人；作主語或賓語 whom：指人；作賓語 whose：可指人亦可指物；作定語 關系副詞： when：作時間狀語 where：作地點狀語why：作原因狀語 介詞+關系代詞:in/of/from/to/with/on/at+ which/ whom二、引導詞使用技巧 1.如果從句中缺少成分，在關系代詞中選擇 2. 如果從句中不缺少成分，在關系副詞中選擇 1. 找到從句劃括號（引導詞起，主句的第二個動詞止） 2. 根據成分選連詞 一看指人還是物 二看介詞在何處 三看句中作何用 四看是否屬特殊 that/which who/that as/which such as/that三、定語從句四大考點1.限制性與非限制性定語從句2.關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇3.介詞+關系代詞結構中關系代詞的選擇(重難點)4.分割式定語從句（先行詞與定語從句被用作定語或狀語及主語謂語而分開）四、英語五大句式1.主語+謂語 ：謂語為不及物動詞，不需加賓語（動作承受者）直接與主語（動作發出者）構成句子。2.主語+謂語+賓語：除主語外的其他成分由及物動詞或不及物動詞+賓語結構構成，并構成完整句子。3.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語：除主語外的其他部分由謂語+雙賓語的結構構成。4.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補：除主語外的其他部分由謂語+賓語+賓補的結構構成。5.主語+系動詞+表語：除主語外的其他部分由系動詞+表語的結構構成。在看從句中缺少何種成分時要依據以上五大句式的構成判斷，一般缺少的為主語和賓語（賓補），這時要選擇關系代詞，如不缺少成分，這時要選擇關系副詞或“介詞+關系代詞”結構。五、注意事項1.定語從句中無what2.關系代詞中which既可指一件事也可以指一件物品3.“介詞+關系代詞”結構中沒有介詞加who或that，which和whom在此結構中經常使用。4.從句中謂語動詞為不及物動詞時，引導詞用“介詞+關系代詞”結構。從句中謂語動詞為系動詞且句子成分完整時，關系代詞前面的介詞需與先行詞建立聯系。5. 關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可省略。6.that、why不引導非限制性定語從句六、課文中的定語從句1.（1）關系代詞作引導詞1. A huge crack (that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide) cut across houses,roads and canals.2. The number of people( who were killed or seriously injured )reached more than 400,000.3. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake (which was almost as strong as the first one) shook Tangshan.4.The army organized teams to dig out those (who were trapped) and to bury the dead.5. Workers built shelters for survivors (whose homes hand been destroyed.)6. Here are my neighbours (whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.)7. Next month the city will open a new park to honour those (who died in the terrible disaster.)8. The park will also honour those (who helped the survivors.)9. I remember the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends (who had died. )（2）高考真題： In an hour,we can travel to places_would have taken our ancestors days to reach.(2006上海) A.where B.when C.which D.what Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B. where C. when D. which The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.(2011 山東)A.they B. where C. what D. that A person_e-mail account is full wont be able send or receive any e-mails.(2009, 天津) A.who B. whom C. whose D. whoever Is this the reason_at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？(2002, 上海春) A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained2.(1) 關系副詞引導詞1. The time (when I first met Nelson Mandela )was a very different period of my life. 2. The school (where I studied for only two years) was three kilometres away.3. However, this was a timewhen one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.4. The day (when Nelson Mandela helped me )was one of my happinest .5.until today we have reached a stage (where we have almost no rights at all.)6. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings (when we should have been asleep.)7. Indeed, Hawaii is a place (where people make one big communityfrom many smaller communities.)8. There is a place (where many small things are stored that might fall down.)（2）高考真題： We are living in an age _many things are done on computer. (2003春)A.which B. that C. whose D. when Mozarts birthplace and the house_he composed “The Magic Flute” (魔笛) are both museums now. (2009, 上海)A.where B.when C.there D. which 3.(1)介詞+關系代詞作引導詞1.The USA is a large country (in which many different dialects are spoken.)2. Mandela was the black lawyer (to whom I went for advice.)3.Robben Island was a prison (from which no one escaped.)4. However, his principles are still those (on which modern computers are built.)(2)高考真題： American women usually identify their best friend as someone _they can talk frequently.A.who B. as C. about which D. with whom We went through a period _communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008，上海)A.which B. whose C. in which D. with which She bought with her three friends, none of _I had ever met before.(2009) A.them B. who C. whom D. these4.(1)非限制性定語從句1. But the one million people of the city, (who thought little of these events, )were asleep as usual that night.2. It was felt in Beijing, (which is more than two huandred kilomatres away.)3. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, (all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.)4. He was generous with his time, (for which I was grateful.)(2)高考真題： There are altogether eleven books on the shelf ,_five are mine.(2004, 全國II)A.on which B. in which C. of which D. from which The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. (2008, 全國II) A.it B. what C. which D. that You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, _is always busy at the weekend.(2006, 上海) A. that B. where C. what D. which The famous basketball star，_tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002春)A.where B.when C.which D.who Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_they learn simple games and songs. (2007) A.then B.there C.while D.where Ada came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A.this B. that C. what D. which練習：1. Hebegantheresearchandstudies_ledtohis