2019學年度選修七unit three under the sea period4 grammar教案teaching aims:1. students will be able to recognize the ing / being done forms and know the exact meanings of them.2. students will be able to use these two forms correctly.step 1 revisionask students to revise the text by answering some questions:1) what did clancy witness when he ran down to the shore?2) why did clancy run in a hurry?3) what did old tom do when they headed into the bay?4) what did old tom do after george beat the water?5) what did clancy witness when they drew near?step 2 grammar learning1. 現在分詞(-ing形式)的構成v-ing形式由“do + ing”構成, 否定形式是“not doing”, v-ing可以帶賓語或狀語構成v-ing短語, 沒有人稱和數的變化, 但有時態和語態的變化.2. 動詞ing形式的被動式分為一般式和完成式:1) 一般式：表示這個被動的動作正在進行或與謂語表示的動作同時發生.2) 完成式：強調這個被動的動作在謂語動詞所標示的動作之前完成. 語態時態主動語態被動語態一般式(not) doing(not) being done完成式(not) having done(not) having been done3. 動詞-ing的被動式的句法功能.1) 作主語：so being killed by sharks was a common thing.2) 作賓語, 用在介詞后或需要帶ing形式作賓語的動詞后.george didnt like being kept waiting.he was terrified of being abandoned by us.do you remember having been taken to beijing at the age of ten?3) 作表語. what worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.4) 作定語.the problem being discussed is of great importance.5) 作狀語.having been shown around the library, we were taken to see the lab.6) 作補足語.as we drew closer, i could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.when we approached him, i saw james being held up in the water by old tom注意事項:1) v-ing形式的被動式主要在句子中作狀語, 賓語補足語和定語. 但v-ing形式的被動式的完成式, 一般在句子中作狀語, 不作其他成分.they dont like the design of the new bridge being built.not having been completed, the museum cant be visited yet.2) v-ing形式的被動式邏輯主語, 如果也是主句的主語, 就不需要表示出來. 但如果邏輯主語不是主句的主語, 就得把v-ing行使自己的主語表示出來.the whole classroom having been cleaned, the students went home happily.3) 在want, need, deserve, require, repay, bear, take等動詞及形容詞worth后, 習慣用動詞-ing的主動形式表示被動意義, 相當于to be done.the house wants cleaning.my watch needs repairing.the way deserves mentioning. 這個辦法值得一提.these young trees will require looking after carefully.the film is worth seeing. step 3 exercises1. 句型轉換練習(改成ing形式被動結構的簡單句)1) the hotel which is being built now beside the park was designed by a group of young men._.2) the little girl was eventually aware that her parents abandoned her in the mountain village._.3) he would come even if we dont invite him. (without)_.4) after he had been examined several times, he was told to be healthy._.5) i noticed that some people were taken to the police station._.2. 補充練習:1) after the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide _ for the homeless families. a. accommodation b. occupation c. equipment d. furniture2) the school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _.a. solution b. target c. measure d. function3) -sorry, i have to _ now. its time for class. -ok, ill call back later.a. hang up b. break up c. give up d. hold up4) michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ with his old one.a. comparing b. compares c. to compare d. compared5) encourage your children to try new things, but try not to _ them too hard. a. draw b. strike c. rush d. push6) im not surprised that he became a writer. even as a child he had a _ imagination.a. clear b. cautious c. funny d. vivid7) last night mr crook didnt come back at the usual time. _, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight. a. meanwhile b. however c. instead d. yet8) -is peter there? - _, please. ill see if i can find him for you.a. hold up b. hold on c. hold out d. hold off9) little johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it _.a. collected b. contained c. loaded d. saved10) the final score of the basketball match was 93-94. we were only _ beaten.a. nearly b. slightly c. narrowly d. lightly11) i had not driven many miles when i was _ by a policeman. he asked to see my license.a. pulled up b. picked up c. brought up d. taken up12) after the meeting, the leaders had a _ discussion about how to promote their new product effectively. a. far b. farther c. further d. farthest13) i love music, especially old music, which often _ me of events in the past.a. remembers b. reminds c. reflects d. impresses14) the old family _ in china has undergone some changes since liberation.a. pattern b. shape c. form d. model15) quite _ of the risk, he chose to go ahead, because he knew that if he didnt have a try, there would be no possibility of success.a. eager b. aware c. sensitive d. serious16) frequent sandstorms lead to the desertification of land, so we are in urgent need of an effective measure of nutrient _ in soil and vegetation system.a. conservation b. protection c. conversation d. prevention17) patience adds a(n) _ of ease and acceptance to your life. its essential for inner peace.a. admission b. dimension (維度, 范圍) c. determination d. persuasion18) he was late for three hours, and its ridiculous for him to give such a _ excuse that there had been a traffic jam. a. false b. shallow c. narrow d. funny19) he jumped on to an empty truck and drove down a _ railway track to the bottom of the mine. a. steep b. heavy c. rough d. deep20) deep in southern africa, on the mighty (洶涌的) zambezi river, theres a falling wall of water so _ and powerful that you can see its mist (水霧) from 20 miles away.a. great b. handsome c. awesome (令人敬畏的) d. amazing21) _ to see her grandfather in hospital made susan feel worried.a. not her being allowed b. her not to be allowedc. her not being allowed d. not her having been allowed22) after breaking the traffic rules, dick tried to escape _ by the police, but failed.a. to be fined b. to have been fined c. being fined d. having been fined23) _ so many times, the young girl still didnt know how to make the paper clear and readable.a. having taught b. having been taught c. taught d. teaching24) mrs black was very satisfied to see the old lady _.a. being taken good care of b. to be taken good carec. taking good care of d. being taken good care25) dont take it too seriously. you should criticize him with much good humor as if you were the one _. a. to criticize b. criticizing c. having criticized d. being criticized 26) -what do you think of the film _ in the poster just now? -good. it is worth _.a. mentioned; watching b. mentioned; to watchc. mentioning; watching d. to be mentioned; to be watched27) three guards stand outside the door to prevent the jewelry from _.a. to be robbed b. being robbed c. having been robbed d. to have been robbed28) _ in the cats mouth, the poor mouse couldnt struggle for its life.a. holding b.