unit 2 第4課時using language.單詞拼寫讀下面的句子，根據所給的首字母或漢語提示寫出一個完整、準確的英語單詞，使句子順暢。1they c_me with different descriptions of what had happened.2soil should be improved by adding o_fertitizer.3the new model will have been in_(生產)by the end of the year.4researchers have made some important d_in this field.5how will the tax_(影響)people on low incomes?6the police chief made no_(評論)about the bomb attack.7often allergies are at the _(是的根本原因)of the problems.8when money is in short s_ many businesses fail.答案：1.ments7.root8.supply.用本課所學知識翻譯下列短語。1讓很多人知道信息和想法_2為了某一目的_3被大量種植_4嘗試，試驗_5需要_6有機農業_7破壞土地_8積聚，增加_9使空氣、土壤和水中無化學物質_10阻止風和水把土壤帶走_11避免危害環境和人們的健康_答案：1make information and ideas known to many people2for a certain purpose3be grown in large amounts4try out5in need of6organic farming7cause damage to the land/damage the land8build up9keep the air, soil and water free from/of chemicals10prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil11avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.句型轉換完成b句，使其與a句意思相同或相近。1a.however often i try, i cant find the answer.b_ _ _often i try, i cant find the answer.2a.he wanted to water the flowers in the garden instead of wandering in the street.bhe _ _water the flowers in the garden than_in the street.3a.he has worked twice the time i have.bhe has worked twice_ _ _i have.4a.it is known to all that yuan longping tried to increase the output of the rice without increasing the area.b_is known to all，yuan longping tried to increase the output of the rice without _the area.5a.at last, they reached an old temple, which the villagers once used as a school.bat last they reched_was once an old temple_was used as a school.答案：1.no matter how2.would rather, wander3.as long as4.as, expanding5.what, which.單項填空從題中所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中選出一個最佳答案。1his parents died in an accident，_him an orphan.ato leavebleavingcleft dbeing left答案：b此處為現在分詞短語作狀語，表示一種自然而然的結果。2there were so much noise that he had to shout to make himself_.ahear bhearingcto hear dheard答案：d由句意可知himself與hear之間為被動關系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補足語。3(2005浙江3)the president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without_his notes. abringing up breferring toclooking for dtrying on答案：b題意：總統在業務會議上沒有看稿子，作了接近一個小時的報告。refer to表示“查閱；參考；征詢”。bring up表示“教育、養育；提出、引出”。try on表示“試穿”。4(2008全國25)the lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit_the season.awhatever bwherevercwhenever dhowever答案：a題意：無論什么季節，律師都穿同一套制服。whatever表示“(無論做什么或發生什么都沒關系，因為結果都一樣)無論什么，不管什么”，相當于no matter what，引導讓步狀語從句。注意：狀語從句省略了謂語動詞is。5i regret_that you have failed again in the driving test.atelling btellchaving dto tell答案：dregret to do sth.意為“很遺憾地要做某事”，而regret doing sth.意為“后悔做了某事”。6with no hope for cure and no way to _her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life.areduce bincreasecdecrease dcut答案：a本題考查動詞的用法。reduce“減輕；縮小”；increase“增加；增大”；decrease“減少”；cut“切；削；剪”。由句意“因為沒有希望治愈和減輕惡疾給她帶來的痛苦，那位病人請求醫生幫助結束她的生命”可知選a。7stressful environments_lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which_increase the risk of heart disease.ain turn; lead to bin return; come tocby chance; thanks to dby turns; turn to答案：ain turn“轉而；依次”；in return“作為報答”；by chance“偶然地；無意中”；by turns“輪流地；依次”。lead to“導致；導向；引起，造成”；thanks to“由于；因為”；come to“涉及；談及”；turn to“向求助”。題意：緊張的環境會導致諸如不良的飲食習慣等不健康行為，而后者又會導致患心臟病的危險得以增加。a為正確答案。8(2008北京)i feel greatly honored_into their society.ato welcome bwelcomingcto be welcomed dwelcomed答案：cwelcome與“i”之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，故welcome須用被動語態形式。該句語意相當于i feel it a great honor to be welcomed into their society.9you must take the most scrupulous care to keep the wound_the dirt.aaway from bfree fromcout of dfor free答案：bkeep. free from“使不受傷害，不受影響”；keep. away from“使遠離”，keep. out of“不讓進入”；keep. for free“免費持有”。由句意“你必須小心護理，以免傷口沾上污物”可知選b。10radium salts, which have been found to_in bones, give rise to cancers of the bone.apile up bbuild upckeep up dpull up答案：b本題考查動詞短語的用法。build up“積累”；pile up“堆積”；keep up“保護，維持”；pull up“停車”。根據句子意思“發現在骨頭里積累的鐳鹽，可以使骨癌發病率上升”可知，b為正確答案。.完形填空請認真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項。i was six when i joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the fields of eufaula, okla._1_the time i was eight i was helping dad fix up old furniture. he gave me a cent for every nail_2_out of old boards.i got my first_3_job, at jms restaurant in town, when i was 12. my main responsibilities(職責)were_4_tables and washing dishes，_5_sometimes i helped cook.every day after school i would_6_to jms and work until ten. even on saturdays i_7_from two until eleven. at that age it was difficult going to work and_8_my friends run off to swim or play. i didnt necessarily like work, but i loved what working_9_me to have. because of my_10_i was always the one buying when my friends and i went to the local tastee freez. this made me _11_.word that i was trustworthy and hardworking_12_around town. a local clothing store offered me credit(賒賬)_13_i was only in seventh grade. i immediately_14_a $ 68 sports coat and a $ 22 pair of shoes. i was_15_only 65 cents an hour, and i already owed the storekeeper $90! so i learned_16_the danger of easy credit. i paid it_17_as soon as i could.my first job taught me selfcontrol, responsibility and brought me a_18_of personal satisfaction few of my friends had experienced. as my father，_19_worked three jobs, once told me，“if you_20_sacrifice(奉獻)and responsibility, there are not many things in life you cant have.”how right he was.1a.before bwithincfrom dby答案：d“by”這里意思是“當(某時候)到了”。本句的意思是“當我八歲時，我就在幫助父親修理家具了。”2a.pulled bputcpicked dpressed答案：apull sth. out of.意為“從拔出”。3a.usual brealcmain dparticular答案：b從上文得知，作者在八歲時就幫父親干活。他認為那種活頂多算是“家務活”，所以第一次在家庭之外從事的這份工作才是他的“真正的”工作。4a.sweeping bpackingcclearing demptying答案：c從這四個選項的英文解釋，就能看出它們之間的明顯區別。sweep：to clear away sth. with a broom or brushpack：to put things into a bag，box, etc.clear：to make or become cleanempty：to remove what is inside5a.or bsocbut deven答案：ceven是干擾項，從語意上可行，從語法上不可。因為even只是個副詞，它不能引導句子。6a.head bturncchange dmove答案：ahead to相當于go to。7a.studied bworkedcplayed dslept答案：b由第二段第一句可知是去工作。8a.helping bhavingcwatching dletting答案：c本題所給的四個選項后都可跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補。但本句表達的意思是“在那樣(小)的年齡，很難做到自己在干活而眼瞅著同伴們跑去游泳或玩耍”。9a.asked btoldcpromised dallowed答案：d干擾項是c。promise sb. to do sth.，答應某人做某事，它的主語是人，而本句的主語是working，顯然不對。正確選項allowed在此句的意思是“讓得到，給”。本句的意思是“但是我喜歡工作讓我所擁有的東西”。10a.study bpowercage djob答案：d因為有工作，所以能自己買東西。11a.proud bfriendlyclucky dhopeful答案：a能夠用自己掙的錢買東西當然感到自豪。12a.ran bgotcflew dcarried答案：brun around到處跑；fly around到處飛；get around(消息、謠言、故事等)悄悄地傳開。13a.although bwhilecif dsince答案：a句意為：盡管我才上七年級，一家當地的服裝店卻同意賒賬給我。14a.sold bborrowedccharged dwore答案：c“charge”這里意為“to make account of(as a debt)”，(作為債務)記賬。從上文得知，一家服裝店主動賒賬給他，所以他就賒賬買了衣服和鞋子。15a.keeping bmakingcpaying dtaking答案：bmake money 賺錢。16a.gradually bgreatlychardly dearly答案：d作者因為輕易的賒了90美元的帳，而他每小時才掙65美分，所以還帳很艱難，所以作者“很早”就懂得了輕易賒帳的危害。17a.out bovercaway doff答案：dpay off償清(債務)。18a.point blevelcpart dsign答案：blevel “標準”，自我滿足的標準。19a.he bthatcwho dwhoever答案：cwho引導定語從句。20a.understand bdemandcoffer dfear答案：a句意為“如果你懂得了奉獻和責任的含義，生活中就沒有多少你得不到的東西”。.閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(a、b、c和d)中，選出最佳選項。millions of people die of hunger in southern africa every year, but when zambia was offered thousands of tons of free maize by the us, the government politely said no.“we dont know whether the food is safe，” said zambias commerce, trade and industry minister dipak patel.his worries are shared by countries around the world that doubt about americans genetically modified crops. just last week, eu member nations were discussing whether or not to import gm sweet corn from the us.ever since people started farming, they have tried to crossbreed plant to make them stronger or better tasting. at one time, only related plants could be crossed with each other.but when gm techniques were developed in the 1970s, scientists were able to put a single gene from a living creature into an unrelated creature.this means they can make crops more productive and resistant to diseases by adding genes from other species. they can also create food with special characteristics, such as “golden rice”， which is enriched with vitamin a. but many people believe gm foods are a health risk.at the moment, the official argument is that gm foods “are not likely to present risks for human health”. but there are still many questions to be answered as the foods are produced in different ways.some experts believe the genetic material added to plants can transfer to humans and damage our bodies. further harm could be caused by the genes from gm plants crossbreeding with naturally produced crops.people in china are also getting worried about gm foods. more than 70 percent of the countrys soybean oil is produced from imported gm soybeans. meanwhile, an investigation last november found that 12 out of 60 famous food brands sold across the country were gm products. the government has begun to introduce a labeling system for gm foods so that consumers can choose whether or not they eat them.1why has zambia refused the american free maize?athey are too proud to accept free offer.bthey worry about the safety of gm food.ctheir problem of starvation is not serious.dthey decide to follow eu members advice.答案：b根據第二段中的“we dont know whether the food is safe.”可知，他們擔心這一食品是否安全，故b為正確答案。2it has been proved that_.agm foods are harmful to peoples healthbgm foods are better than naturally produced foodsconly related plants could be crossed with each otherdgm techniques can increase the production of crops答案：d從文章第六段this means they can make crops more productive and resistant to diseases by adding genes from other species.可知，轉基因農作物的高產和抗病是已得到證實的。3which is the best title for the passage?agm foods in chinabadvantages of gm foodscgm foods, a health risk?dthe development of gm techniques答案：c轉基因食品對人體的安全性是很多人質疑的問題，也是本文的中心話題。4which of the following statements is not true?apeople in china are getting worried about gm foods.bpeople can buy gm products in china.cmany people believe gm foods are a health risk.dthe government persuades consumers to eat gm foods.答案：d根據文章的最后一句可知，政府正在引進基因食品的分類體系，以便于消費者選擇是否食用轉基因產品，因此，d與文章相矛盾。選 做 題.短文改錯此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。對標有題號的每一行做出判斷：如果無錯誤，在該行右邊的橫線上畫一個勾()；如有錯誤(每行只有一個錯誤)，則按下列情況改正：此行多一個詞：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉，在該行右邊的橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。此行缺一個詞：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號()，在該行右邊的橫線上寫出該加的詞。此行錯一個詞：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊的橫線上寫出改正后的詞。注意：原行沒有錯的不要改。mr. jones and mrs. jones were angry at each other.1._they did not say for several days. one day mr. jones2._was very tired when he came back to work, so he3._went to the bed soon after dinner without a word.4._mrs. jones washed, did some sewing. when she5._went up to bed much late than her husband she6._found a piece of paper on small table near her7._bed. on it were the words. “motherwake me up at8._7 am.father.”when mr. jones wake up the next morning, it was9._nearly 8 am.，and on the small table nearhis bed he saw other piece of paper. on it was“father10._wake up, it is 7 am.mother.”答案：1atwithbe angry with sb.(at/about sth.)表示“(由于)而生某人的氣”。例如：i was angry with myself for making such a stupid mistake.我因為犯了這么愚蠢的錯誤而在生自己的氣。2sayspeakspeak側重于說話動作的本身，著重說話的能力而不在內容，可以是長篇大論的演講，也可以是三言兩語的交談，甚至指簡單的開口發聲說話。例如：he ate his meal without once speaking to his dinner companion.他和就餐同伴一句話沒說就吃完了飯。say最普通常用詞，指用語言表達思想，著重所說的內容。例如：he finds it hard to say what he feels.他覺得很難說出自己的感受。3tofromfrom表示某人/某物出發的地方或方向。例如：she comes home from work at 7 pm.她下午7點下班回家。4去掉thego to bed表示“去睡；就寢”；例如：its time to go to bed.該睡覺了。5did前加anddid和washed構成并列謂語，時態保持一致。6latelater與后文中的than構成比較級。7on后加the特指那張小桌子。89wakewoke客觀地陳述過去發生的事，采用一般過去時。10otheranotheranother表示“另一個”；例如：this pen doesnt work; can you give me another one？這支鋼筆不行。你能另給我一支嗎？.新短文改錯(2009寧夏、海南卷)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加： 在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(), 并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除： 把多余的詞用斜線( / )劃掉。修改： 在錯的詞下劃一橫線， 并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意： 1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。dear mrs winthorp，so my first week at college is over! no lectures this morning so i think id email you and let you know what things are going.im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. i remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on second floor. there are two girls from my course here and i plan to make friend with them so that we can help each other on the course work. everyone else seems very nice and warmly here.well, i had better to stop now. im going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon, for ive got some preparation to make. keep in touch.best，carol答案：dear mrs. winthorp，so my first week at college is over! no lectures this morning so i think id email you and let you know things are going.im glad to say that has worked out fine in the dorm. i remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they me a comfortable one on second floor. there are two girls from my course here and i plan to make with them so that we can help each other the course work. everyone else seems very nice and here. well, i had better to stop now. im going to attend first lesson this afternoon, ive got some preparation to make. keep in touch.best，carol.對話填空請認真閱讀下面對話，并根據各題所給首字母的提示，在答題卡上標有題號的橫線上，寫出一個英語單詞的完整、正確形式，使對話通順。kkathymmumm：kathy, have you decided what youre going to do in the vacation?k：i need to (1) e_some money. id try to find a job looking after children. what do you think, mum?m：its not an easy job and you dont have any particular (2) k_about children. some children could be noisy and badly (3) b_. do you have any other ideas?k：not (4) r_. i dont think much of the jobs ive seen (5) a_in the newspaper.(a week later)m：kathy, are you still looking for a children job?k：no, mum. i (6) m_to tell you earlier. ive been offered a job in the office of the local computer factory and its well paid. ive decided to take it and will (7) s_on monday.m：good! tell me more (8) d_about the job.k：i will work as a (9) s_， typing letters, answering phone calls and so on.m：some people may find it busy and (10) b_， and you need to be patient and careful.k：thank you, mum. ill try my best.答案：1.earn2.knowledge3.behaved4.really5.advertis(z)ed6.meant7.start8.detail(s)9.secretary10.boring.任務型讀寫請認真閱讀下面短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。high school students who, after graduation would like to continue their education are frequently faced with many problems in financing college training. free education is not so widespread at the college level as at the elementary and secondary school levels. there is usually a charge for tuition. in addition, for most students, going to college means living away from home, an expensive matter.what, then, can be done by a student who finds that he must help to finance himself if he is to extend his education beyond high school? there are several possibilities. scholarships are sometimes available. these are usually given partly on the basis of high grades. therefore the daytoday work in