商務英語寫作,_Chapter one An overview of business writing,課程簡介,本課程是國際商務從業人員必備的 核心業務課程之一。通過介紹公司商務活動中各種英文業務函件的寫作格式和內容，使學生在相對真實的商務環境中提高英語水平。熟練掌握商務活動中常用的基本術語及表達技能，培養和提高業務工作能力.,課程內容,本課程主要學習信例，尤其是學習商務運作環節中有代表性的信例。為了適應國際寫作趨勢的變化及滿足商務環境的需要，將教授包括備忘錄、銷售信、邀請信、投訴、理賠、申請信、報告、英文簡歷、合同等在內的多種形式的信函寫作。,學習方法,商務英語寫作是一門實踐操作性很強的課程。也就是說，要達到正確擬寫商務信函及各種商務公函的目的，僅有理論是遠遠不夠的。還必須通過理論聯系實際的方法，大量練習書寫商務活動中各種有代表性的信函，才能深入體會何為七個“CS”寫作的基礎理論知識。更重要的是通過學習信例，熟悉各類信函中所包括的詞匯、短語、句型以及習慣表達方式等等，以求達到掌握并熟練使用的目的。,溝通無處不在,Plan Products,Hire,Training,Motive,Coordinate,Persuade,Bill,Build Goodwill,溝通的形式,Verbal Communication 1.face to face 2.Phone conversations 3.Informal meetings 4.Email messages 5.Letters 6.Memos 7.Reports,溝通的形式,Nonverbal communication 1.Pictures 2.Logo 3.The size of office 4.Facial expressions 5.Eye contact 6.Gestures 7.Body language,溝通的七個要素,Source Audience Goal Context Message Media Feedback,小案例：入鄉隨俗,美國統一聯合有限公司，認為時機已經成熟，該把它在國內銷售給兩代人的精美產品推廣到全世界了。它派副總裁哈里到歐洲去開拓市場。哈里的第一站是倫敦，他和銀行家做了簡短會談通過電話。他同樣輕松地與巴黎人打交道：在銀色之旅賓館訂了午餐，他這樣招呼他的客人，某工業工程公司的總裁：“雅克，叫我哈里好了。” 在德國，哈里先生像一個發電站。他快速的做了一個長篇的、像藝術作品一樣的營銷講話，并輔以圖表和視聽材料，以顯示來自佐治亞的他知道如何做生意。,小案例：入鄉隨俗,在去米蘭的飛機上，他與鄰座的日本商人開始交談。他把名片扔在對方的托盤上，當他們告別時，他與對方熱情握手并抓住了對方的右臂。后來，在他與一位意大利包裝設計公司的所有與會者見面的時候，哈里先生穿著他舒適的條形燈心絨運動外衣、 卡其布褲子和帆布鞋。人人都知道意大利人是逗趣和放松的人，不是嗎？ 錯了，六個月過去了，統一聯合公司除了收到一堆帳單以外，在這次旅行中未獲任何成果。在歐洲，沒有人對哈里著迷。,小案例：入鄉隨俗,英國：通常不用電話做生意。商業招待往往在午餐時進行，而不是在晚餐時。 法國：法國人對陌生人非常正規，不喜歡太快的親近，不愿意被陌生人直呼其名。 德國：他們不喜歡夸張和賣弄。喜歡和內斂沉穩的商人做生意。 日本：日本屬于“無碰觸文化” ，隨意的碰觸會被認為是失禮和狂妄自大。 意大利：對時裝非常敏感。他們穿著漂亮并崇尚創造，對別人俗麗或不得體的服裝感到吃驚。,A great deal of business is transacted in writing. Effective business writers can use their skill to help increase their companys sales and profits . Proficiency in writing gives the person in business a personal advantage.,1. Why the ability to write is a business asset?,2. Writing Principles of business Letters,Five-steps Preparing Objective, Reader, Scope Formatting Layout of the document 3) Organizing Gathering information, sorting details, and making outlines.,2. Writing Principles of business Letters,Five-steps 4) Drafting Start where you feel the most comfortable. Dont worry about possible mistakes Focus on the ideas you want to present. 5) Revising Check on the overall tone and format. Ask for advice from colleagues.,Directions: Revising Box,Does my writing include every element of a business letter? Am I clear about my writing purpose? Have I made effective use of layout and white space in the letter? Have I sorted out the facts appropriately? Have I organized the contend logically? Have I written it concisely and politely? Have I checked everything including grammar, punctuation and spelling?,2. Writing Principles of business Letters,7 “C” Courtesy 禮貌 Treating people with respect and friendly human concern. 2) Consideration 體諒 Consider the readers desires, problems, circumstances, emotions and reactions.,2. Writing Principles of business Letters,3) Correctness 正確 Choosing the correct level of language and using accurate information and data. Conciseness 簡潔 To write in the fewest possible words without sacrificing completeness and courtesy.,2. Writing Principles of business Letters,5) Clarity 清楚 Short familiar words and simple short sentences are better for this purpose. Concreteness 具體 Give vivid,specific and definite information. 7) Completeness 完整 Include all the necessary information and data in the message to help senders get receivers response.,Three ways to achieve 7 Cs,You Attitude Positive Tone Avoiding Old Language of Business,3. You Attitude,Put the audience first: “Its all about them.” Focus on what they receive or can do Stress what they want to know X I have negotiated an agreement with Apex Rent a-car that gives you a discount on rental cars. As a Sunstrand employee, you can now get a 20% discount when you rent a car from Apex.,Be careful with the use of “feeling” words. Omit your feelings in most business situations Omit audiences feelings or reaction X We are happy to extend you a credit line of $5,000. You can now charge up to $5,000 on your Visa card.,3. You Attitude,Use “you” more often than “I” in positive situations. avoid “you” in negative situations. In negative situations, use Passive verbs Impersonal expressions,3. You Attitude,3. You Attitude,X You made no allowance for inflation in your estimate. No allowance for inflation has been made in this estimate. (passive) This estimate makes no allowance for inflation. (impersonal),Use words as positively as possible X Never fail to back up your disks. Always back up your disks. X Your balance of $800 is delinquent. Your balance of $800 is past due.,4. Positive Tone,Look at situations with an optimistic outlook X We will not allow you to charge more than $1,500 on your VISA account. You can charge $1,500 on your new VISA card.,4. Positive Tone,X Awaiting the favor of your early response. I look forward to hearing from you soon. X Please be good enough to advise us. Please tell us. X We beg to inform you. I an writing to inform you.,5. Avoiding Old Language of Business,6. Exercises-Revise Sentences,X Unfortunately, your order cannot be sent until next week. Your order can only be sent next week. X Your negligence in this matter caused the damage to the equipment. If you had taken proper care of the equipment,it would have been in a good condition. X Smoking is not permitted anywhere except in the lobby. Smoking is allowed only in the lobby.,6. Exercises -Revise Sentences,X We regret to inform you that we must deny your request for credit. For the time being,we can serve you only on a cash basis. X We will be pleased to deliver your order by the 16th. Your order will be deliver by the 16th. X We have worked for 20 years to develop the best model car for our customers. Our customers will find the best model car which we have spent 20 years to build.,6. Exercises -Revise Sentences,X We have received your letter of May 16. Thank you for your letter of may 16. X We have been quite tolerant of your past-due account and must now demand payment. If you are to continue to enjoy the benefits of credit buying,you must clear your account now. X We can sell at discount prices,but we cannot permit returns of merchandise. Though returns of merchandise are unpermissable, you can get discount prices.,Dear Sir: We are in receipt of your telephone call to