閱讀理解專(zhuān)題突破練3 第一節(jié)A體裁:應(yīng)用文詞數(shù):285用時(shí):6分鐘(2017重慶西北狼教育聯(lián)盟第一期聯(lián)考)EFP Courses provide courses in English language and British culture.Our courses are aimed at students aged between 12 and 17 who are at pre-intermediate level or above in English.The courses are held in Guildford,a historic town near London.Typical structure of a one-week courseup to 25 hours of English run by native speakers,qualified in teaching English as a foreign language and specialist drama teachers2 full-day sightseeing trips to London and Oxford(at weekends)full board(全食宿)with local,English-speaking familiesWhen we run the coursesEFP courses can be organized only during British state school terms.For this academic year,courses can be booked between now and 23 May and between 30 May and 30 June.We welcome you to book from 3 September to 25 October and from 31 October to 20 December.Why choose EFP coursesin addition to our standard English classes,we also run drama and expression English classes,taught by specialist drama teacherswe expose our students to British culture for the entire length of the coursewe tailor courses to each groups needs,creating a unique experience for our students.Note that any changes to our courses are made within reason and only if all participants from a group share the same language level.Please see further details on our website.Length of a courseEFP courses run for either one or two weeks depending on the specific requirements for your group.How to applyPlease register your interest by sending an email.By contacting us before you make any travel arrangements you ensure that we can put your group on the dates that you require.See you in Guildford soon!【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇廣告類(lèi)應(yīng)用文,介紹了EFP課程的內(nèi)容、對(duì)象、課時(shí)安排、授課時(shí)長(zhǎng)、申請(qǐng)方法等信息。1.What does the leaflet tell us about EFP courses?A.Their target students are teenagers of all English levels.B.Every individual participant is supplied with tailored language support.C.They involve students in British culture activities during the whole course.D.They are available on the school campuses in London and Oxford.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Why choose EFP courses”下面的第二點(diǎn)可知EFP課程全程讓學(xué)生接觸英國(guó)文化,故C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第一段的第二句可知,學(xué)員的英語(yǔ)水平須在預(yù)備中級(jí)及以上,而不是針對(duì)所有英語(yǔ)水平的人,故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)“Why choose EFP courses”下面的“we tailor courses to each groups needs”可知,B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第一段的第三句“The courses are held in Guildford,a historic town near London.”可知,該課程的授課地點(diǎn)為倫敦近郊的歷史古鎮(zhèn)Guildford,故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。2.Suppose you are to take EFP courses this academic year,you can.A.make a reservation from October 31 to December 20B.enjoy a special series of lessons for a whole school termC.experience English dramas with English-speaking familiesD.hand in an application by visiting their website答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“When we run the courses”下面的“We welcome you to book from 3 September to 25 October and from 31 October to 20 December.”可知,本學(xué)年的預(yù)訂時(shí)間為9月3日到10月25日和10月31日到12月20日,故A項(xiàng)正確。3.The purpose of this writing is to.A.attract qualified teachers to EFP coursesB.illustrate the importance of EFP coursesC.demonstrate the popularity of EFP coursesD.offer group students access to EFP courses答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段尤其是第一、二句“EFP Courses provide courses in English language and British culture.Our courses are aimed at students aged between 12 and 17 who are at pre-intermediate level or above in English.”可知,本文旨在面向12到17歲的青少年學(xué)生推廣EFP課程,故D項(xiàng)正確。B體裁:說(shuō)明文詞數(shù):295用時(shí):7分鐘(2018四川成都畢業(yè)班摸底測(cè)試)The Scottish composer Evelyn Glennie lost nearly all her hearing as a young girl,yet went on to a very successful career in music including winning Grammy Awards.When somebody asks her,“How do you hear?”She responds,“How do you hear?Is it only with your ears?”For Glennie,and for us too,listening is not only hearing,but is understanding.We need to listen to what is said and unsaid,and also how it is said.Its important to hear what people say accurately.As Mark Twain said,“The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug(螢火蟲(chóng)).”If you miss something or youre not sure youve heard accurately,ask the speakers.At this point youre not evaluating what they say,but just looking for accuracy and understanding.Here are some ways to get clear about what they say and dont say.Why are they saying this now,instead of sooner or later?Why are they emphasizing these points,instead of something else?Listen to how it is said.People send signals about what they mean with their voices and body language that sometimes differ from the words they say.While going through the next points,think about someone whose real meaning you might sometimes miss,and see if any of these signals might come up.First,voices.When others speak,notice changes in their volume,pace,and tone.Second,body language.Notice gestures,eye contact,and facial expressions.Do these sync what they are saying,or do they tell a different story?Third,emotions.What is the persons true feeling?Now you might not know for sure,but be considerate,open to understanding,and ask thoughtful questions.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了聆聽(tīng)的內(nèi)涵。我們要聽(tīng)懂說(shuō)話(huà)人想要表達(dá)的言外之意,并且要注意說(shuō)話(huà)的方式。4.Whats the writers purpose of mentioning Evelyn Glennie?A.To give an example of wise words.B.To introduce a world-famous musician.C.To help explain the meaning of listening.D.To encourage us to fight against disability.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“For Glennie,and for us too,listening is not only hearing,but is understanding.”可知,對(duì)于Glennie以及“我們”來(lái)說(shuō),聆聽(tīng)不僅是用耳朵聽(tīng)而且是理解,這里說(shuō)明了聆聽(tīng)的內(nèi)涵。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。5.What can we learn from what Mark Twain said?A.It is important to have a good knowledge of English words.B.People should know words can be used in many different ways.C.English is a very complicated language with a large vocabulary.D.The slight difference between words may result in misunderstanding.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Its important to hear what people say accurately”和“At this point youre not evaluating what they say,but just looking for accuracy and understanding.”可知,準(zhǔn)確聽(tīng)懂說(shuō)話(huà)者的意思很重要。因此,選項(xiàng)D“詞語(yǔ)的細(xì)微差異可能導(dǎo)致誤解”與Mark Twain所說(shuō)的話(huà)意思相吻合。6.What does the underlined word “sync” probably mean?A.Match.B.Prove.C.Describe.D.Analyze.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞前的修飾詞these指代前一句中的“gestures,eye contact,and facial expressions”;再根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后的“what they are saying,or do they tell a different story”可推斷,match與畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。7.Which is the best title of this passage?A.Speak While You ListenB.Listen Beyond WordsC.Read Between LinesD.Think As You Talk答案B解析主旨大意題。本文主要說(shuō)明通過(guò)觀察說(shuō)話(huà)人的說(shuō)話(huà)方式來(lái)聽(tīng)懂說(shuō)話(huà)人想表達(dá)的言外之意。所以選B項(xiàng)。C體裁:說(shuō)明文詞數(shù):321用時(shí):7分鐘Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you.According to the ancient Greeks,there are three basic tools of persuasion:ethos,pathos,and logos.Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that she is trustworthy,honest and reliable.One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field.After all,youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person.If an audience cannot trust you,you will not be able to persuade them.Pathos is a speakers way of connecting himself with an audiences emotions.For example,a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.These words are intended to fill the audience with fear,thus making them support him.Similarly,an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats,to make the viewers feel pity.If the audience feels bad about the animals,they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts,statistics,or other evidence to support your argument.An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims.Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos,pathos,and logos all have their strengths,they are often most effective when used together.Indeed,most speakers use a combination of ethos,pathos,and logos to persuade their audiences.So,next time you listen to a speech,watch a commercial,or listen to a friend trying to convince you to lend him some money,be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了古希臘人提出的說(shuō)服別人的三個(gè)基本工具:個(gè)人氣質(zhì)、感染力和理性。在演講或試圖說(shuō)服別人時(shí),綜合使用這三個(gè)工具,你將快速提高說(shuō)服別人的能力。8.Why does the author say persuasion is an art?A.It entertains the audience.B.It requires great skill to achieve.C.It demands full attention from the audience.D.It is all common topics of ancient Greek writers.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段及最后一段的第二句可知,說(shuō)服別人一般要使用個(gè)人氣質(zhì)、感染力和理性這三個(gè)工具,三者結(jié)合起來(lái)使用可以產(chǎn)生更好的效果;據(jù)此可知,說(shuō)服別人需要很高的技巧,因此是一門(mén)藝術(shù)。9.How is a speaker able to show her ethos to the audience?A.By expressing her sympathy with the audience.B.By telling the audience about her personal preference.C.By using beautiful language to make her statements attractive.D.By showing her knowledge and experience relating to the topic.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field.”可知,講話(huà)人向聽(tīng)眾展現(xiàn)個(gè)人氣質(zhì)的常見(jiàn)方法是展示自己在這一話(huà)題上的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),故D項(xiàng)正確。10.What can we learn about the three methods of persuasion?A.Ethos is the most important method of persuasion.B.Each method has a different effect on the audience.C.Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.D.Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audiences.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Although ethos,pathos,and logos all have their strengths.to persuade their audiences.”可知,盡管個(gè)人氣質(zhì)、感染力和理性各有優(yōu)勢(shì),但是只有綜合使用時(shí)才能發(fā)揮最大的作用,故B項(xiàng)正確。11.An advertisement for washing powder which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria” is mainly using.A.ethosB.pathosC.logosD.a combination of all three答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Logos is the use of facts,statistics,or other evidence to support your argument.”可知,理性是使用事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)或其他證據(jù)來(lái)支持你的觀點(diǎn);題干中的廣告聲稱(chēng)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該洗衣粉可以殺死95%的細(xì)菌。據(jù)此可知,該廣告使用了理性的論證方法,故C項(xiàng)正確。D體裁:說(shuō)明文詞數(shù):320用時(shí):8分鐘(2017四川綿陽(yáng)第二次診斷性考試)He had more than 160 reports as a reporter on the Metro desk and more than 170 in 19 months as a national journalist based in Kansas City,Mo.But perhaps the most important piece of writing that A.G.Sulzberger did for The New York Times before Wednesday when he was named deputy publisher was not an article and was not published in The Times,but was all about The Times.That work came to be known as the “innovation(創(chuàng)新) report”,which zeroed in on the importance of a digital future for the newspaper his family has owned since 1896 and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes.In a conversation in his office on Wednesday,Mr.Sulzberger said he saw the innovation report and the thinking that led to his conclusions as “a wake-up call to the newsroom that we were at risk of missing the moment”.“It was always easy to see how changes will endanger the traditions of the place,” he said,“but what became really clear to me was not changing was the more dangerous course if we cared about the traditions of the place.”Unlike some of the former deputy publishers in his role,Mr.Sulzberger has been more experienced in the newsroom than in advertising or consumer marketing.Still,his colleagues described him as a quick study whose modesty masked deep inner confidence.Besides,in the newsroom or out on an assignment,Mr.Sulzberger did not show off his connection to The Times owners.“I recognized the name,”said Vincent Bova,a video editor who figured in a feature article that Mr.Sulzberger wrote in 2010.“I mean,I knew I was dealing with royalty.There was no reason for me to bring that up with him,and he didnt.”So Mr.Sulzberger,in some way,has qualified himself for the position since long time ago.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇文章屬于人物介紹類(lèi),介紹了著名出版人A.G. Sulzberger對(duì)紐約時(shí)報(bào)的重要貢獻(xiàn),還介紹了他提出的“創(chuàng)新報(bào)道”理論以及他人對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)。12.A.G.Sulzberger wrote the “innovation report” mainly to.A.urge revolutions in The TimesB.gain the position of deputy publisherC.promote changes in New York CityD.show directions to his family future答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知,“創(chuàng)新報(bào)道”關(guān)注報(bào)紙數(shù)字化未來(lái)的重要性,紐約時(shí)報(bào)如果不改革,則將面臨危機(jī)。據(jù)此可以判斷,A.G. Sulzberger提及“創(chuàng)新報(bào)道”的目的是敦促紐約時(shí)報(bào)進(jìn)行變革,故A項(xiàng)正確。13.What is the biggest threat to traditional media according to Mr.Sulzberger?A.Scientific developments.B.Rapid social changes.C.Their own stubbornness.D.Decreasing readers.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes”和文章中提到的“innovation report”可知,A.G. Sulzberger認(rèn)為紐約時(shí)報(bào)如果不做出變革,則將面臨危機(jī);據(jù)此可以判斷,A.G. Sulzberger認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)媒體面臨的最大問(wèn)題是它們固執(zhí)己見(jiàn),不思變革,故C項(xiàng)正確。14.How does the author show us what Mr.Sulzberger is like in the last paragraph?A.By comparing him with others.B.By interviewing him in person.C.By giving examples of his routines.D.By quoting comments from others.答案D解析寫(xiě)作方法題。通讀最后一段可知,該段第二句介紹了同事對(duì)A.G. Sulzberger的評(píng)價(jià),第四句和第五句介紹了視頻編輯Vincent Bova對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià);據(jù)此可以判斷,最后一段是通過(guò)別人的評(píng)價(jià)來(lái)描述A.G. Sulzberger的,故D項(xiàng)正確。15.What does the author think of Mr.Sulzberger according to the passage?A.Casual.B.Objective.C.Admirable.D.Critical.答案C解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文可知,A.G. Sulzberger提出“創(chuàng)新報(bào)道”理論并前瞻性地認(rèn)識(shí)到數(shù)字化時(shí)代對(duì)傳統(tǒng)媒體的影響,意識(shí)到傳統(tǒng)媒體變革的重要意義;據(jù)此可以判斷,作者對(duì)A.G. Sulzberger的態(tài)度是欽佩的,故C項(xiàng)正確。第二節(jié)體裁:說(shuō)明文詞數(shù):277用時(shí):7分鐘Everyone makes mistakes.16.Making a mistake at work,however,can be more serious.It may cause problems for your employer and even affect the companys bottom line.Evil consequences will finally come down to you.Simply correcting your mistake and moving on may not be an option.When you make a mistake at work your career may depend on what you do next.Admit your mistake.Tell your boss about your mistake immediately.The only exception is that you make an insignificant error that will not affect anyone.Otherwise,dont try to hide your mistake.17.Present your boss with a plan to fix your mistake.When you go to your boss to admit your mistake,you must have a plan for correcting it.Present your plan clearly.Tell your boss how long it will take to carry out your plan and