海事文化英語教程HowtheShippingContainerChangedtheWorldMajorGulfsoftheWorldABUnit11TextAPre-readingActivities1UnderstandingtheText2DetailedStudyoftheText3Exercises4Translationofthetext5UnitProject6Pre-readingActivities2Whatweretheadvantagesofthecontainers?3Whatimportanteventstookplacein1956,1966and1968whichinfluencedtheshippingindustry?WatchthevideoHowaSteelBoxChangedtheWorld:ABriefHistoryofShippingandanswerthefollowingquestions.1Whatisthepercentageofthegoodstransportedbycontainershipping?1.Whatisthepercentageofthegoodstransportedbycontainershipping?2.Whatweretheadvantagesofthecontainers?Pre-readingActivitiesContainershippingmoves95%ofallmanufacturedgoodsaroundtheworld.Thecontainerscouldnotonlyprotectedtheproducts,butalsoeliminatedtheneedforrepackaging.3.Whatimportanteventstookplacein1956,1966and1968whichinfluencedtheshippingindustry?Pre-readingActivitiesIn1956,MalcolmMcleaninventedthecontainer;In1966,MalcolmMcleanstartedthefirsttransatlanticcontainerservice;In1968,oneofthefirstmoderncontainershipshitthewater.VideoScripts

Containershippingmoves95%ofallmanufacturedgoodsaroundtheworld.In2017morethanfourtrilliondollarsworthofproductsweresentovertheoceans.It’sanindustrythatunderpinstheglobaleconomy,butitwasn’talwaysasbigorasefficientasitistoday. TheideaofshippingstartedinthirdcenturyBCwhenmerchantsrealizedthatsendingproductsoverseawascheaperandfasterthanbyland.Earlyon,goodswereloadedontoshipsandsacks,barrelsandwoodencrateswithscoresofdockworkerssqueezingthemonPre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

decksorintightspacesbelow.Shipsoftenspentmoretimeatportsthansailingandnotmuchchangeuntil1956.That’swhenAmericantruckdriverMalcolmMcleanstacked58metalboxesonashipgoingfromNewJerseytoHouston.Thisideacompletelyrevolutionizedtheindustry.Thecontainersnotonlyprotectedtheproducts,butwhentheshipsdockedatports,truckbedsandfreighttrainscouldtakethemawaywithoutrepackaging.Aflurryofinnovationfollowedandcontainersizeswerestandardized.In1966MalcolmMcleanstartedthefirsttransatlanticPre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

containerservice,andthenin1968,oneofthefirstmoderncontainershipshitthewater.TheJapaneseHakoneMottocarried75220-footcontainersusingastandardstillusedtoday.Cargocouldnowbemovedfrompurpose-builtvesselstorailandroadsinmassivevolumes,cuttingtransportcostbyatleast75%.Thisledtotheemergenceofglobalshippingbehemoths,likeDenmarkSmurfsKlein,FrancisCMACGMandChina’sCostco.Bythe1980saround90%ofmanufacturedgoodswerecontainerized,fromdesignerdressesandfoodtohomegoods,electronicsandheavymachinery.Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

GlobalizationexplodedasshipsmovedAsiangoodstothewestandvice-versa,makingstopsatdozensofportsalongtheway.RecentlythePanamaandSuezCanalswereexpanded,allowingforbiggershipstocrossandingreaternumbers.Butit’snotallbeensmoothsailing.Theindustryhasbeenplaguedbytoomanyshipsinthewater,sparkingaseriesofpricewarsthatplungedmanyoperatorsdeepintotheredandcompletelysankothers.Thiscausedawaveofconsolidation,seeingthetop-20oceancarriershrinkto11,anumberthat’sexpectedtogetevensmaller.Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

Shippinghasalsoseencriticismfromgovernmentsandenvironmentalistswhosaythatit’sresponsibleforaroundaquarteroftheworld’snitrogenoxidepollution.Inresponse,operatorsareadoptingcleanerfuelslikenaturalgas. Todaytheindustrycontinuestoboom.ContainershipsareashighastheEmpireStateBuildingifturneduprightandcanmovemorethan20,000boxeseach.Asinglecontainercanhold10,000iPadsatacostoffivecentseachfromShanghaitoHamburg.TheaverageTVPre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

comingtotheU.S.fromChinacostlessthan$2toship.Themostrecentgrowthhasbeeninrefrigeratedshipping.Freshproduce,foodandflowersthatonceonlymovedbyplanearenowshippedonsatellitetrackedreeferboxesthatkeepthemfresh.Bananascanlastintheseforupto50days.Sowhatdoesthefuturehold?Likelycrewlessbehemothsrunningonbatteriesthatcanmove50thousandcontainersandglobalcargodistributedPre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

throughblockchaintechnologythatwilleliminatepaperworkandfurthercutcosts.Laterthisyearthefirstso-calledTeslaoftheSeaswillhitthewaterataNorwegianfjordmovingfertilizerfromaproductionsitetoanexportport.Theshipwillreplacethousandsoftruckroutespopulatedthroughareas.[Music]Pre-readingActivitiesHowtheShippingContainerChangedtheWorld1

The20thcenturysawtheadventofmanyamazinginventionsthatchangeddailylife:television,the

personalcomputer,theInternet,plasticproducts.Butoneofthemostimportantinventionsofthe20thcenturyisoftenoverlooked:theshippingcontainer.2

Bystandardizingthetransportoffreightaroundtheworldinasafe,durablepackage,theshippingcontainerenabledtheexplosivegrowthofinternationalcommerce.Thecheapcostsofmanyconsumerproductsthatareshippedworldwide,fromshoestoDVDs,aremadepossiblebythiscrucialinvention.Essentially,it’sabox,butit’sthemostimportantboxintheworld.TheInventionandPopularizationoftheShippingContainer

3

TheshippingcontainerwasinventedandpatentedbyMalcolmMcLeanin1956.McLeanownedthelargesttruckingcompanyintheUSatthetime,andsawfirsthandhowinefficienttheprocessofloadingandunloadingcouldbe,withcargoshippedinwoodencasesthatcameinallshapesandsizes.Hisinnovationwasstandardizingthesizeofcontainers,whichmadethemidealforintermodal

transportontrucks,trains,andships.4

InApril1956,thefirstcommerciallyavailableshippingcontainermadeitswayfromNewarktoHouston.Tenyearslater,in1966,containershippingbecameavailableforinternationalroutes.ThentheVietnamWarjumpstarted

theprocess.5

Thewarcreatedaneedformassivevolumesofsuppliestobequicklytransported.Thiswaswhentheideaofshippingcontainersgainedtraction

andrecognitioninthemarketplace.Bytheendofthe1960s,McLeansoldhisempireforroughly$160million.Later,theInternationalMaritimeHallofFamevotedhimastheir“ManoftheCentury.”6

Itisnoexaggerationtosaythattheshippingcontainercreatedthemodernglobalsupplychain.In1980,containerscarriedabout102millionmetrictonsofgoods.In2017,thatnumberhadincreasedbya

factorof

eighteen,to1.83billionmetrictons.

ThenandNow:BeforetheShippingContainer7

BeforeMcLean’sinvention,freighttravelingbyseawasgenerallyloadedinindividuallycountedunits(i.e.fivebarrelsofwine,twentycasesofapples,etc.).Thiswasreferredtoasbreakbulkcargo.Itresultedinlengthycargomanifests

andadditionalbusyworkforportofficials,whohadtoindividuallytrackallthoseitems.8

Goodshadtobeputthroughaseriesofpick-upsandloadsfromfactorytovessel.Thentheywentfromvesseltowarehouse,fromwarehousetotruck,andsoon.Allthistransferringofcargomadeshippingitemscostly,unreliableandtime-consuming.9

Sometimes,loadingandunloadingasingleshipcouldtakeuptoaweek.Sinceashiponlyearnsmoneywhileatsea,alotofpotentialrevenuewassquanderedwhiletheshipsatwaiting.

ThenandNow:BenefitsoftheShippingContainer10

Today,aftertheburgeoningofglobaltrade,wecanseetheclearbenefitsoftheshippingcontainer:Ithasgreatlyreducedtheexpensesofinternationaltradeandshortenedshippingtime.Itprotectscargofromthievesanddamage,sincethecontainerislockedandsealedthroughoutthejourney.Itreduceslaborcostssinceitdoesnotrequirethelengthyloadingorunloadingofbreakbulkcargo.11

Likeanytechnology,theshippingcontainerhasbeenimprovedandrefinedovertheyears.Someoftheseimprovementsinclude:Theintroductionofmanydifferenttypesofcontainersfordifferenttypesofcargo.Examplesincluderefrigeratedcontainers,alsoknownasreefers,forperishablefoodandcarcarriercontainersforshippingautomobilesoverseas.Betterlockingmechanisms,bothphysicalanddigital.ThemostsophisticatedmoderncontainersareequippedwithwirelessGSMalarmsystemsthat

trigger

wheneverabreak-inisdetected.Transportinggoodsviacontainerissaferthanever.·

Moresolidconstructionthatallowscontainerstobereusedmanytimes.Thismakescontainersoneofthemosteco-friendlypartsofthesupplychain,sincetheyhaveaneffectiveservicelifeofmanyyears.

OutlookfortheYearAhead12

Creativemindsareevendiscoveringinnovativewaystouseshippingcontainersasresidentialandcommercialspaces.They’resneakingintothehousingmarket.Intrendypartsoftowns,containersarebecomingultra-fashionableworkspacesforstart-ups,bars,restaurants,andshopsalike.Astheongoinghousingcrisisdeepensinsomeplaces,shippingcontainer“towns”areevenpoppingupforhomelesspeopletolivein.13

Roughly90%ofglobaltradeisnowconductedviasea,and60%ofthatispackedinshippingcontainers.In2019,astaggering$14trillionofallgoodsworldwidespentmostoftheirtimeinsideofone.Duetothepandemic,thecostofshippinggoodsviacontainerhasquadrupled,aspartofgeneral

disruptions

totheglobalsupplychain.Almost70yearsafteritsinvention,thehumbleshippingcontainerissocentraltoglobaltradethatpricefluctuationslikethesecaninfluencethefateofentireeconomies.Prettyimpressiveforasteelbox.Ⅰ.Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Howdidtheshippingcontainercontributetotherapiddevelopmentofinternationalcommerce?2.Whowastheinventoroftheshippingcontainerandwhatdidhedothen?3.Whydidhehavetheideaofstandardizingthesizeofcontainers?4.Howwastheshippingcontainerpopularized?5.Whatwasthefreighttransportationlikebeforetheinventionoftheshippingcontainer?6.Whatarethebenefitsoftheshippingcontainer?7.Howhastheshippingcontainerbeenimprovedandrefined?8.Whataretheinnovativewaysofusingshippingcontainers?

UnderstandingtheTextUnderstandingtheTextHowdidtheshippingcontainercontributetotherapiddevelopmentofinternationalcommerce?

Bystandardizingthetransportoffreightaroundtheworldinasafe,durablepackage,theshippingcontainerenabledtheexplosivegrowthofinternationalcommerce.2.Whowastheinventoroftheshippingcontainerandwhatdidhedothen?

MalcolmMcLeaninventedtheshippingcontainerin1956,andhewastheownerofthelargesttruckingcompanyintheUSatthattime.3.Whydidhehavetheideaofstandardizingthesizeofcontainers?

Becausehewitnessedfirst-handtheinefficientprocessofloadingandunloadingcausedbycargoshippedinwoodencasesofdifferentshapesandsizes.UnderstandingtheText4.Howwastheshippingcontainerpopularized?

InApril1956,thefirstcommerciallyavailableshippingcontainermadeitswayfromNewarktoHouston.Tenyearslater,in1966,containershippingbecameavailableforinternationalroutes.ThentheVietnamWarjumpstartedtheprocess.5.Whatwasthefreighttransportationlikebeforetheinventionoftheshippingcontainer?

BeforeMcLean’sinvention,freighttravelingbyseawasgenerallyloadedinindividuallycountedunitsandgoodshadtobeputthroughaseriesofpick-upsandloadsduringtransportation.6.Whatarethebenefitsoftheshippingcontainer?Ithasgreatlyreducedtheexpensesofinternationaltradeandshortenedshippingtime.Itprotectscargofromthievesanddamage.Itreduceslaborcosts.UnderstandingtheText7.Howhastheshippingcontainerbeenimprovedandrefined?Someoftheimprovementsinclude:theintroductionofmanydifferenttypesofcontainersfordifferenttypesofcargo;betterlockingmechanisms,bothphysicalanddigital;moresolidconstructionthatallowscontainerstobereusedmanytimes.8.Whataretheinnovativewaysofusingshippingcontainers?Creativemindsareevendiscoveringinnovativewaystouseshippingcontainersasresidentialandcommercialspaces.

Ⅱ.Markthefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F).()1.Theinventionoftheshippingcontainerwasattachedasmuchimportanceasotheramazinginventionsinthe20thcentury.()2.Thecostsofmanyproductsweregreatlyincreasedbecauseoftheinventionofthecontainer.()3.Thestandardcontainerwasthebestchoicefortransportingmodesusedinconjunction.()4.TheprocessofcontainerizationwashinderedbytheVietnamWar.TFFF

Ⅱ.Markthefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F).()5.Theamountofthegoodstransportedbythecontainerin2017wasabouteighteentimesasmuchasthatin1980.()6.Breakbulkcargoesloadedinindividuallycountedunitsaddedthebusyworkforportofficials.()7.Thelengthyprocessofpick-upsandloadsmadethecargoshippingexpensive,time-wastingbutsafe.()8.Themostadvancedcontainershavewirelesssecuritysystemwhichcansetoffalarmwhenfindingsomeoneenterbyforce.TTTFDetailedStudyoftheTextAVocabularyBExpressionsCUnderstandingofdifficultSentencesoverlook

DetailedStudytheTextvt.1.tofailtoseeornoticesth忽略；未注意到e.g.Heseemstohaveoverlookedoneimportantfact.

他好像忽略了一個重要的事實。Weshouldnotoverlookallsortsofwarningsignalsaboutourownhealth.我們不應忽視有關自身健康的種種預警信號。2.toseesthwrongorbadbutdecidetoignoreit

（對不良現象等）不予理會，視而不見e.g.Wecouldnotaffordtooverlooksuchaseriousoffence.

對這樣嚴重的違法行為，我們決不能視若無睹。intermodalDetailedStudytheTexta.(ofatransportsystem)usingdifferentmodesofconveyanceinconjunction,suchasships,aircraft,roadvehicles,etc.（運輸系統）聯合運輸的e.g.Sincethedestinationisaninlandcity,wehavetoarrangesea-landintermodaltransportation.由于目的地是內陸城市，我們只好安排海陸聯運。Theintermodalcontainerhasdeliveredacornucopiaofproductstoeverycorneroftheglobe.

多式聯運集裝箱將大量產品運往世界的每個角落。

jumpstart

DetailedStudytheTextvt.todosomethingthatwillmakeasystemorprocessstartworkingquicklyoreffectively.推動；使重新快速運轉e.g.China’spartnershiphasprovedcriticalinthecountry’sefforttojumpstarteconomicrecovery.事實證明，與中國的合作伙伴關系對于該國推進經濟復

蘇至關重要。TheEUistryingtojumpstartthepeaceprocess.歐盟正試圖快速重新啟動和平進程。traction

DetailedStudytheTextn.1.[U]theextenttowhichanidea,product,etc.gainspopularityoracceptance(想法、產品等的)知名度，受歡迎度e.g.Theproductgainedwidespreadtractionassoonasitwaslaunched.這產品一經推出就獲得廣泛的關注。2.[U]theactionofpullingsthalongasurface;thepowerthatisusedfordoingthis牽引；拖拉；牽引力；拉力

e.g.Hespentsixweeksintractionafterhebrokehisleg.他腿部骨折后做了六個星期的牽引治療。Tractionisaparticularformofpowerthatmakesavehiclemove.牽引力是使車輛移動的一種特殊的動力形式。

afactorof

DetailedStudytheTexttimes倍數e.g.Therealwageoftheaverageworkerhasincreasedbyafactorofoverteninthelast70years.近七十年來工人的實際工資平均增長超過了十倍。Thecostofbutterquadrupledandbreadpricesincreasedbyafactoroffive.黃油的價格翻了兩番，面包的價格上漲了5倍。

manifest

DetailedStudytheTextn.[C]alistofgoodsorpassengersonashiporanaircraft（船或飛機的）貨單，旅客名單e.g.Guesswhosenamejustpoppeduponaninternationalpassengermanifest?猜猜我在國際旅客名單上發現誰的名字了?vt.toshowsthclearly,especiallyafeeling,anattitudeoraquality表明，清楚顯示（尤指情感、態度或品質）e.g.Theirfrustrationandangerwillmanifestitselfincryingandscreaming.他們用哭泣與尖叫表達自己的沮喪和憤怒。Socialtensionsweremanifestedintherecentpoliticalcrisis.最近的政治危機顯示了社會關系的緊張。squander

DetailedStudytheTextvt.~sth(onsb/sth)towastemoney,time,etc.inastupidorcarelessway浪費，揮霍（金錢、時間等）e.g.Hesquanderedhischancestowin.他白白浪費了獲勝的機會。Isn’titfoolishtosquanderallthemoneyongambling?把自己所有的錢都揮霍在賭博上不是傻嗎？burgeon

DetailedStudytheTextvi.tobegintogrowordeveloprapidly激增；迅速發展e.g.Plantsburgeonfromeveryavailablespace.只要有一點空隙，植物就會生根發芽。/植物能從任何可獲得的空間中迅速生長。Ourcompany’sbusinessisburgeoningnow.我們公司的業務現在發展很迅速。burgeoningadj.? aburgeoningpopulation急劇增長的人口? burgeoningdemand迅速增加的需求mechanism

DetailedStudytheTextn.1.[C]asetofmovingpartsinamachinethatperformsatask

機械裝置；機件e.g.adelicatewatchmechanism精致的手表機件Abombhasbeendetonatedbyaspecialmechanism.炸彈由一個專門裝置引爆。2.[C]amethodorasystemforachievingsth方法；機制e.g.Painactsasanaturaldefencemechanism.疼痛是一種自然防護機制。Normalforgettingmayevenbeasafetymechanismtoensureourbraindoesn’tbecometoofull.正常的遺忘甚至可能是一種安全機制，確保我們的大腦容量不會超

負荷。marketmechanism

市場機制；市場調節作用reactionmechanism

反應機理incentivemechanism

激勵機制competitivemechanism

競爭機制trigger

DetailedStudytheTextvt.1.~sth(off)tomakesthhappensuddenly發動；引起；觸發e.g.Itisstillnotclearwhateventstriggeredoffthedemonstrations.還不清楚是什么事件引發了示威游行。2.tocauseadevicetostartfunctioning開動；起動e.g.Thethievesmusthaveaccidentallytriggeredthealarmandwerecaught.那些小偷一定是無意中觸發了報警器，結果就被逮住了。triggerDetailedStudytheTextn.1.[C]thepartofagunthatyoupressinordertofireit（槍的）扳機e.g.Amanpointedagunatthemandpulledthe

trigger.一名男子拿槍指著他們，接著扣動了扳機。2.[C]thepartofabombthatcausesittoexplode

觸發器；引爆器nucleartriggers核引爆器sneak

DetailedStudytheTextvt.todosthortakesb/sthsomewheresecretly,oftenwithoutpermission偷偷地做；偷帶；偷拿e.g.Hesmuggledpapersouteachday,photocopiedthem,andsnuckthemback.

他每天都把文件偷帶出來，復印后又偷偷送回去。Imanagedtosneakalookatthereportonherdesk.我偷偷看了一眼她桌子上的報告。sneak

DetailedStudytheTextvi.togosomewheresecretly,tryingtoavoidbeingseen偷偷地走；溜e.g.Hesneakeduponhissisterandshouted‘Boo!’.

他偷偷溜到妹妹身邊，然后大喊一聲“嘿！”Sheduckedtheinterviewersbysneakingoutthebackdoor.她從后門偷偷溜走,躲開采訪者。

Thethreementriedmanytimestosneakacrosstheborderintotheneighboringcountry,onlytobecapturedbythepoliceeachtime.這三個人多次企圖越過邊界進入鄰國，不料每次都被警察抓住。a.donewithoutanywarning突然的;出其不意的

e.g.asneakattack偷襲

popupDetailedStudytheTextappearsuddenlyorunexpectedly突然出現，冒出來e.g.Yousolvedoneproblemandanotherwouldimmediately

popup.你解決完一個問題，另一個問題又會馬上冒出來。Hesuddenlypoppedupoutofnowhere.

他不知從哪里突然冒出來。staggeringDetailedStudytheTexta.sogreat,shockingorsurprisingthatitisdifficulttobelieve令人難以相信的e.g.Profitshaveshotupbyastaggering25%.利潤驚人地攀升了25%。TheBISsaysforeignexchangevolumeshavebeenrisingatastaggeringpace.國際清算銀行表示，外匯交易額正以驚人的速度增長。disruption

DetailedStudytheTextn.[C,U]theactofmakingsthdifficulttocontinueinthenormalway中斷;擾亂;混亂e.g.Thestrikeisexpectedtocausedelaysand

disruptiontoflightsfromBritain.預計罷工將導致英國航班的延誤和中斷。Therailstrikeiscausingmajordisruptionsatthecountry'sports.鐵路罷工使該國港口陷入了一片混亂。Theplanwasdesignedtoensuredisruptiontobusinesswaskepttoaminimum.該計劃旨在確保對業務的妨礙保持在最低限度。fluctuationDetailedStudytheTextn.[C]frequentchangesinsize,amount,quality,etc.,especiallyfromoneextremetoanother

（大小、數量、質量等）波動；（在……之間）起伏不定e.g.Heshowedthepricefluctuationsinastatisticaltable.他用統計表顯示價格波動。Theerraticfluctuationofmarketpricesareinconsequenceofunstableeconomy.經濟波動致使市場物價忽起忽落.Peoplewhohavebeentothebeach,willseethatthereisacyclicalfluctuationphenomenonofwater,whichiscalledtide.到過海邊的人們，會看到海水有一種周期性的漲落現象，這被稱為

潮汐。1.intermodaltransport2.globalsupplychain3.metricton4.breakbulkcargo5.cargomanifests6.pick-upsandloads7.refrigeratedcontainer8.carcarriercontainer汽車運輸集裝箱B.貨物艙單C.散貨D.提貨和裝載E.多式聯運F.冷藏集裝箱G.公噸H.全球供應鏈EHGCBDFA

MatchtheFollowingWordsor

PhraseswithTheirChineseMeanings.DetailedStudytheText1.McLeanownedthelargesttruckingcompanyintheUSatthetime,andsawfirsthandhowinefficienttheprocessofloadingandunloadingcouldbe,withcargoshippedinwoodencasesthatcameinallshapesandsizes.當時麥克萊恩擁有美國最大的貨運公司，他親眼目睹了貨物因裝載在不同形狀和大小的木箱里而導致裝卸效率低下。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText2.Thewarcreatedaneedformassivevolumesofsuppliestobequicklytransported.Thiswaswhentheideaofshippingcontainersgainedtractionandrecognitioninthemarketplace.戰爭激發了大量快速運輸物資的需求。這個時候集裝箱的概念已在市場上獲得了關注和認可。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText3.Itresultedinlengthycargomanifestsandadditionalbusyworkforportofficials,whohadtoindividuallytrackallthoseitems.這導致了貨物艙單冗長，而港口官員也因為必須單個跟蹤所有這些貨物而更加忙碌。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText4.Thismakescontainersoneofthemosteco-friendlypartsofthesupplychain,sincetheyhaveaneffectiveservicelifeofmanyyears.集裝箱因此成為供應鏈中最環保的部分之一，因為它們的有效使用期可長達多年。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText5.Duetothepandemic,thecostofshippinggoodsviacontainerhasquadrupled,aspartofgeneraldisruptionstotheglobalsupplychain.由于疫情肆虐，集裝箱運輸成本翻了兩番，造成全球供應鏈部分中斷。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheTextIII.Completethefollowingsentencesbyselectingappropriatewordsfromthewordbank.Changetheformwherenecessary.pandemicoverlookdisruptionhumbletriggersquanderrecognitionsophisticatedburgeonmanifest1.Youcannotliveinacocoonand__________thesefacts.2.Heglancedbrieflytowardsherbuttherewasnosignof__________.3.Nowadays,theresearchintourismsecurityisrelativelylaggingcomparedwiththe____________oftourism.

overlookrecognition

burgeoning

Exercisespandemicoverlookdisruptionhumbletriggersquanderrecognitionsophisticatedburgeonmanifest4.Thecompanyhasworkeditswayupfrom__________beginningstobecomethemarketleader.5.ThesebuildingsinancientRome__________ahighlevelofarchitecturalsophistication.6.Doyoulovelife?Thendonot__________time;forthat’sthestufflifeismadeof.7.Themore______________fraudsareonesthathavebeenthoughtthroughverycarefully.humble

manifestedsquandersophisticatedExercisespandemicoverlookdisruptionhumbletriggersquanderrecognitionsophisticatedburgeonmanifest8.COVID-19quicklydevelopedfromanepidemictoa__________ofglobalconcern.9.Theabsenceofthefundiscausingdelayand__________oftheconstruction.10.Whatistheincidentwhich_________theoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWar?Exercises

pandemicdisruptiontriggeredIV.FillintheblanksinthefollowingpassagebyselectingappropriatewordsfromtheWordBank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsmorethanonce.ExercisesA.transferB.navigateC.resistantD.maritimeE.truckingF.unloadG.standardH.inefficientI.exaggerationJ.patentedK.practiceL.manufactureM.freightN.outstandingO.fluctuation

Itcanbehardtoimaginehowdifficultitoncewastomove__1__acrosstheglobebeforetheinventionofthestandardshippingcontainer.There’salonghistorybehindtheinvention,and,ofcourse,an__2__person.MalcolmMcLeaninventedand__3__thefirststandardshippingcontainerintheUSAin1956.Althoughhewasn’tanoceanshipper,heownedthelargest__4__companyinthecountryatthetime.WhenMcLeanstartedhisEJMExercisesNA.transferB.navigateC.resistantD.maritimeE.truckingF.unloadG.standardH.inefficientI.exaggerationJ.patentedK.practiceL.manufactureM.freightN.outstandingO.fluctuationtruckingcompany,thestandard__5__wastoloadand__6__cargoinodd-sizedwoodencases.Ashewatcheddockloadersmoveandtransferfreight,hewasamazedbyhow__7__thismethodwas.Herealizedthattruckingcarriersandshippingcompanieswouldgainfromastandardized,intermodalcargo__8__process.Eventually,McLeancameupwiththe__9__shippingcontainer.It’srobust,theft__10__,reliable,andeasytotransfer.FKHAA.transferB.navigateC.resistantD.maritimeE.truckingF.unloadG.standardH.inefficientI.exaggerationJ.patentedK.practiceL.manufactureM.freightN.outstandingO.fluctuationExercisesGC點擊添加文本點擊添加文本點擊添加文本點擊添加文本V.Theprefix“inter-”combineswithverbs,nouns,adjectivesandadverbstoformwordsindicatingthatsomethingconnectstwoormoreplaces,things,orgroupsofpeople.Forexample:act—interactnational—internationalview—interviewmarriage—intermarriagemodal—intermodalrelated—interrelatedTheprefix“over-”canbeaddedtoanotherwordtoformnewverbs,adjectives,adverbs,andnouns,withthemeaningof“above,outsideandacross”,or“toexcess,toomuch”.Forexample:pass—overpass