北京導(dǎo)游詞英語(yǔ)加翻譯北京導(dǎo)游詞英語(yǔ)加翻譯1BeijingisthecapitalofthepeoplesRepublicofChina,amunicipalitydirectlyunderthecentralgovernment,anationalcentralcityofChina,andacenterforpolitical,cultural,educationalandinternationalexchanges.Itisalsothedecision-makingcenterandmanagementcenterofChinaseconomyandfinance.BeijingislocatedinthenorthendoftheNorthChinaPlain,connectedwithTianjininthesoutheast,andtherestissurroundedbyHebeiProvince.Withahistoryofmorethan3000yearsandahistoryofmorethan850years,Beijingisoneofthe"fourancientcapitalsofChina"andhasacertaininternationalinfluence.Itsearliestnameinliteratureis"Ji".Beijingisacitywiththelargestnumberofworldculturalheritagesintheworld.BeijingisalsooneoftheareaswiththemostrainfallinNorthChina.PekingUniversityandTsinghuaUniversityarealsolocatedinBeijing.Beijinghasthelargestnumberofworldheritagesites(6)intheworld,andisthefirstcapitalcitywithworldgeoparksintheworld.Beijingisrichintourismresources.Therearemorethan200touristattractionsopentotheoutsideworld,includingtheworldslargestimperialpalace,ForbiddenCity,Templeofheaven,RoyalGardenBeihai,RoyalGardenSummerPalaceandYuanmingyuan,aswellasBadalingGreatWall,MutianyugreatwallandtheworldslargestSiheyuanpalace,PrinceGongsmansion.Thecityhas7309culturalrelicsandhistoricsites,99Nationalkeyculturalrelicsprotectionunits(includingtheBeijingsectionofthegreatwallandtheBeijingHangzhouGrandCanal),326municipalculturalrelicsprotectionunits,5nationalgeoparksand15nationalforestparks.WorldCulturalHeritage:theForbiddenCity,theGreatWall,ZhoukoudianPekingManSite,thetempleofheaven,thesummerpalaceandtheMingTombs.WorldGeopark:FangshanWorldGeopark,Beijing.NationalScenicSpots:Badaling,MingTombsandShihuaCave.FamousstreetsofChinesehistoryandculture:Guozijianstreetandyandaixiestreet.AfamoushistoricalandculturaltowninChina:GubeikouTown,MiyunCounty.AfamoushistoricalandculturalvillageinChina.MentougouDistrict:CuandixiavillageofZhaitangtown,LingshuivillageofZhaitangtown,LiuliquvillageofLongquantown.IntheWesternZhouDynasty,itbecamethecapitalofYan,oneofthevassalstatesoftheZhouDynasty.SincetheJinDynasty,ithasbecomethecapitalofancientChina.SincetheYuanDynasty,ithasbecomethecapitalofChina.TheMingDynastybegantoexpandBeijingonalargescaleafterbecomingitsancestor.DuringtheMingDynasty,BeijingbecamethecapitalofthefirstHanDynasty.TheQingDynastycarriedoutsomerenovationandexpansiononthebasisofthecontinuationoftheMingDynastyBeijingcity.AttheendoftheQingDynasty,Beijingbecamethelargestcityintheworld.Beijinghasahistoryof3000yearsand859years.SincetheQinandHanDynasties,BeijinghasbeenanimportantmilitaryandcommercialcityinnorthernChina.In1860,theAlliedforcesofBritainandFranceinvadedBeijing;in1900,theAlliedforcesoftheeightcountriesinvadedBeijingagain.ThebeautifulcityofBeijingwasseriouslydamagedandlooted,andalargenumberofculturalrelicswerelootedbytheinvadingforcesandthebadpeople.Afterthe1911Revolution,onJanuary1,thefirstyearoftheRepublicofChina,thecapitaloftheRepublicofChinawasNanjing.InMarchofthesameyear,thecapitaloftheRepublicofChinawasmovedtoBeijing.Untilthe17thyearoftheRepublicofChina,theNorthernExpeditionarmycapturedBeijing,Zhangzuolinwasdefeatedandreturnedtothenortheast,andtheBeiyanggovernmentsteppeddown.AtthebeginningoftheRepublicofChina,thelocalsystemofBeijingwasstillinaccordancewiththeQingsystem,whichwascalledshuntianfu.UntilthethirdyearoftheRepublicofChina,shuntianfuwaschangedtoJingzhao,whichwasdirectlyunderthecentralgovernmentandBeiyanggovernment.Duringthisperiod,Beijingbuiltanewtramsystemandanumberofmodernculturalandeducationalinstitutions,suchasTsinghuaUniversity,YanjingUniversity,PekingUniversity,FuRenUniversity,UnionMedicalCollege,etc.AftertheJuly7thincidentin1937,PeipingwasoccupiedbyJapan.TheprovisionalgovernmentofthepuppetRepublicofChinawasestablishedhere,andBeipingwasrenamedBeijing.OnAugust21,1945,theJapanesearmythatinvadedBeijingsurrenderedandrenameditPeking.OnJanuary31,1949,theChinesepeoplesLiberationArmyenteredBeipingCity,realizingtheliberationofBeijing.OnSeptember27ofthesameyear,thefirstplenarysessionoftheChinesepeoplesPoliticalConsultativeConferenceadoptedtheresolutiononthecapital,calendar,nationalanthemandnationalflagofthepeoplesRepublicofChina,andBeipingwasrenamedBeijing.OnOctober1,1949,theCentralPeoplesGovernmentofthepeoplesRepublicofChinawasestablishedinBeijing.Beijingcitynotonlygatherstheworldsfivefamousreligions(Taoism,Buddhism,Islam,ChristianityandCatholicism),butalsohasitsowncharacteristicsinarchitectureandculture.Forexample,injustafewkilometersonChaofuRoad,therearefourreligiousbuildings(DongyueTemple,Dongsimosque,longfutemple,Guangjitemple,emperorstempleandBaitatempleoutsideChaoyangGate).InXuannanareaofBeijing,thesurroundingareawiththememorialcolumnofBeijingJianchengasthecenter,therearemanyfamousactivityplacesofthefivereligions.Theyare:TianningTemple,FayuantempleandChangchunTempleofBuddhism;baiyuntempleofTaoism;ZhushikouChurchofChristianity;XuanwumenChurchofCatholicism(SouthHall);NiujieworshipTempleofIslam;Thiskindof"religiousandculturalarea"israreintheworldsbigcities,whichembodiestheOriental"harmony"culturalatmosphere,theuniquecharmofBeijingsurbanculture,andthegreatcohesionoftheChinesenation.Beijingisanancientcapitalforthousandsofyears.Inhistory,becauseithasbeenattheintersectionoftheCentralPlainsandthenorthernnationalitiesforalongtime,ithasintegratedthecultures,customsandlanguagesofmanynationalities.Overtime,Beijingcustomswithlocalcharacteristicshaveemerged.Forexample,theBeijingtemplefair,whichintegrateseating,drinkingandplaying.ThetraditionalfestivalsinBeijingarevariousinformandrichincontent,whichisanintegralpartofthelonghistoryandcultureoftheChinesenation.Fromthesepopularfestivalcustoms,wecanclearlyseethewonderfulpictureofancientpeoplessociallife.SpecialfestivalsincludeLongqingxiaIceLanternFestival,XiangshanredleafFestival,Baiyunguantemplefair,DongyueTempleFair,etc.北京，中華人民共和國(guó)首都、中央直轄市、中國(guó)國(guó)家中心城市，中國(guó)政治、文化、教育和國(guó)際交流中心，同時(shí)是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)金融的決策中心和管理中心。北京位于華北平原北端，東南與天津相連，其余為河北省所環(huán)繞。北京有著3000余年的建城史和850余年的建都史，是“中國(guó)四大古都”之一，具有一定的國(guó)際影響力，其最早見(jiàn)于文獻(xiàn)的名稱為“薊”。北京薈萃了自元明清以來(lái)的中華文化，擁有眾多名勝古跡和人文景觀，是全球擁有世界文化遺產(chǎn)最多的城市。北京也為華北地區(qū)降雨最多的地區(qū)之一。歷史悠久的國(guó)際高等大學(xué)北京大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)也坐落于北京。北京是全球擁有世界遺產(chǎn)(6處)最多的城市，是全球首個(gè)擁有世界地質(zhì)公園的首都城市。北京旅游資源豐富，對(duì)外開(kāi)放的旅游景點(diǎn)達(dá)200多處，有世界上最大的皇宮紫禁城、祭天神廟天壇、皇家花園北海、皇家園林頤和園和圓明園，還有八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城、慕田峪長(zhǎng)城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等名勝古跡。全市共有文物古跡7309項(xiàng)，99處全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位(含長(zhǎng)城和京杭大運(yùn)河的北京段)、326處市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位、5處國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園、15處國(guó)家森林公園。世界文化遺產(chǎn)：故宮、長(zhǎng)城、周口店北京人遺址、天壇、頤和園、明十三陵。世界地質(zhì)公園：北京房山世界地質(zhì)公園。國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)：八達(dá)嶺?十三陵、石花洞。中國(guó)歷史文化名街：國(guó)子監(jiān)街、煙袋斜街。中國(guó)歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)：密云縣古北口鎮(zhèn)。中國(guó)歷史文化名村。門頭溝區(qū)：齋堂鎮(zhèn)爨底下村、齋堂鎮(zhèn)靈水村、龍泉鎮(zhèn)琉璃渠村。西周時(shí)成為周朝的諸侯國(guó)之一的燕國(guó)的都城。自金朝起成為古代中國(guó)首都中都。自元代起，開(kāi)始成為全中國(guó)的首都。明朝自成祖后開(kāi)始對(duì)北京進(jìn)行大規(guī)模擴(kuò)建，明朝時(shí)期北京成為第一個(gè)漢族王朝的首都。清朝在延續(xù)明北京城的基礎(chǔ)上又進(jìn)行了一些修繕和擴(kuò)建。至清末北京成為當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最大的城市。北京有著3000余年的建城史和859余年的建都史。自秦漢以來(lái)北京地區(qū)一直是中國(guó)北方的軍事和商業(yè)重鎮(zhèn)。1860年，英法聯(lián)軍打進(jìn)北京;1900年，八國(guó)聯(lián)軍再次打進(jìn)北京，美麗的北京城受到了非常嚴(yán)重的破壞和洗劫，大量文物被侵略軍和壞民劫掠。1911年辛亥革命后，民國(guó)元年1月1日，中華民國(guó)定都南京，同年3月遷都北京，直至民國(guó)十七年中國(guó)國(guó)民dang北伐軍攻占北京，張作霖?cái)』貣|北，北洋政府下臺(tái)。民國(guó)伊始，北京的地方體制仍依清制，稱順天府。直至民國(guó)三年，改順天府為京兆地方，直轄于中央政府北洋政府。這一時(shí)期，北京新建了有軌電車系統(tǒng)，和一批現(xiàn)代的文化教育機(jī)構(gòu)，如清華大學(xué)、燕京大學(xué)、北京大學(xué)、輔仁大學(xué)、協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院等。1937年七七事變后，北平被日本占領(lǐng)。偽中華民國(guó)臨時(shí)政府在此成立，且將北平改名為北京。1945年8月21日，入侵北京的日本軍隊(duì)宣布投降，重新更名為北平。1949年1月31日，中國(guó)人民解放軍進(jìn)入北平市，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)北京的解放。同年9月27日中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議第一屆全體會(huì)議通過(guò)《關(guān)于中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)都、紀(jì)年、國(guó)歌、國(guó)旗的決議》，北平更名為北京。1949年10月1日，中華人民共和國(guó)中央人民政府在北京宣告成立。北京城不僅匯聚了世界上著名的五大宗教(道教、佛教、伊斯蘭教、基督_、天主教)，而且這五大宗教建筑和文化也各有特色。比如，現(xiàn)在我們行駛的朝阜路上，短短幾公里，就聚居了四個(gè)宗教(朝陽(yáng)門外的東岳廟、東四清真寺、隆福寺、廣濟(jì)寺、歷代帝王廟、白塔寺)的建筑，而在北京宣南地區(qū)，以北京建城紀(jì)念柱為中心的周邊地區(qū)，可以說(shuō)聚集了五大宗教的許多著名活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所。這些場(chǎng)所有：佛教的天寧寺、法源寺、長(zhǎng)椿寺;道教的白云觀;基督_珠市口教堂;天主教宣武門教堂(南堂);伊斯蘭教牛街禮拜寺;這種“宗教文化區(qū)”在世界大城市中是罕見(jiàn)的，體現(xiàn)了東方“和”的文化氛圍，體現(xiàn)了北京城市文化的獨(dú)特魅力，體現(xiàn)了中華民族的偉大凝聚力。北京是座千年古都，歷史上，因長(zhǎng)期處于中原與北方民族的交匯處，故而曾融合了眾多民族的文化、習(xí)俗與語(yǔ)言。久而久之，便產(chǎn)生出了富有本地特色的北京風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。例如集吃喝玩樂(lè)于一體的北京廟會(huì)等。北京的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日形式多樣、內(nèi)容豐富，是中華民族悠久歷史文化的一個(gè)組成部分。從這些流傳至今的節(jié)日風(fēng)俗里，可以清晰地看到古代人民社會(huì)生活的精彩畫面。特色的節(jié)日如龍慶峽冰燈藝術(shù)節(jié)、香山紅葉節(jié)、白云觀廟會(huì)、東岳廟廟會(huì)等。北京導(dǎo)游詞英語(yǔ)加翻譯2Helloeveryone!WelcometoBadalingscenicspotforsightseeing.Imverygladtoaccompanyyoutoday.IhopeyoucanhaveagoodtimeinBadaling.TheGreatWallisamagnificentdefensivebuildinginancientChina.ItstartsfromShanhaiguanintheEastandendsatJiayuguaninthewest,andrunsacrossthenorthofChina.Windingmorethan12000Li,itisfamousforthe"GreatWall".Itwaslistedintheworldculturalheritagelistin1987.Itiscalled"thelongestdefensivewallintheworld"byexpertsandscholars.ThefirsttimethatChinabuilttheGreatWallwasinthespringandAutumnPeriodinthe7thcenturyBC,andtheearliestcountrytobuildtheGreatWallwasthestateofChu.ThegreatwallofthestateofChuiscalled"Fangcheng"inhistoricalrecords,withalengthofnearlyathousandli.QiwasalsooneoftheearlieststatestobuildtheGreatWall.ThegreatwallofQistartedfromPingyininShandongProvinceintheWestandenteredtheseaintheEast.ItisthemostpreservedsiteoftheGreatWallinthespringandAutumnperiod.QinShihuangwasbornin220BC__AftertheunificationofChinain1949,theoldGreatWallinthenorthofQin,ZhaoandYanwasfirstrepaired.Atthecostof"buildingacityofthousandsofmilesandbuildingapeopleofthousandsofmiles",hebegantobuildtheGreatWall,whichismorethan7000kilometerslong,fromLintaointhewesttoLiaodongintheEast.Sincethen,theGreatWallhasstoodintheeastoftheworld,experiencingthousandsofyearsofwind,frost,rainandsnow.IntheearlyWesternHanDynasty,inordertoresistaggressionandprotectthenewlydeveloped"SilkRoad".Ithasbuiltagreatwallofmorethan10000kilometersfromLopNorinXinjianginthewesttoLiaodongintheEast.ThisisalsothelongestGreatWallinthehistoryofourcountry.AftertheestablishmentofMingDynasty,itfacedthethreatofMongoliaandJurchen.FromthebeginningofZhuYuanzhang,GeneralXuDawassentnorthtobuildtheGreatWall.UntiltheendofMingDynasty,itwasoverhauled18times,lastingmorethan260years.UntilHongzhi20__In,itwascompletedfromtheYaluRiverintheeasttoJiayuguanintheWest.ThroughLiaoning,Hebei,Beijing,Shanxi,Shaanxi,InnerMongolia,Ningxia,Gansuandotherprovincesandautonomousregions.TheGreatWallismorethan12700Lilong.AndalongtheGreatWallisdividedintoninedefenseareas,knownas"ninesidesandninetowns".Moreover,inmanyimportantpassareas,especiallyinthenorthofBeijingCity,multiplewallswerebuilt.ThesearetheBadalingGreatWallweseenow.ThescaleoftheGreatWallbuiltintheQin,HanandMingDynastiesisthelargestcomparedwithotherdynasties.SothethreeconstructionclimaxesinhistoryaretheQinDynasty,theHanDynastyandtheMingDynasty.Now,letmeintroducetheBadalingGreatWall.BadalingGreatWallislocatedinYanqingCounty,northwestofBeijing.ItisthebestpreservedsectionoftheGreatWallinBeijingwiththebestengineeringqualityandthemostrigorousstructure.Thissectionofthegreatwalltakestheurncityasthecenter,reachingtheseventhfloorintheSouthandthetwelfthfloorinthenorth,withatotallengthof4770meters.ItistheonlychannelleadingtotheoutsideoftheGreatWallinBeijingareaandthefrontpositionofJuyongguan.Fromhere,youcanreachYongningandSihaiintheEast,XuanhuaandDatonginthewest,Jingchenginthesouth,YanqinginthenorthandBadalinginalldirections.Badalingpasswasbuiltin1520__Thecityis7.5metershighand4metersthick.ThereisaplaqueoneachoftheEastandWestgates,with"JuyongWaiTown"intheEastand"northgatelockkey"intheWest.AttheentranceofGuancheng,thereisacannonwithalengthof2.85metersandacaliberof10.5cm,whichiscalled"Shenweigeneral".NowletslookatthewalloftheGreatWallinBadaling.Thissectionofthecitywallisabout5.8metersnarrowatthetopand6.5meterswideatthebottom.Itconsistsoffourbasicstructures.1、Citywall,two,citytower,three,pass,four,beacontower.Thereisaticketdoorinthewallandastoneladderinthemiddle.Thetopcanhold5horsesinparallel.Beacontowerisalsoknownasbeacon,beacon,wolfYantai.Itisindependentofthecitywall,almosteveryothermilethereisa,composedoftheGreatWalldefensealarmsystem.Wheneverenemytroopsinvade,thebeacontowersburnbeaconfirestoconveymilitaryinformation.Burningsmokeduringthedayiscalledbeacon.Atnightafireiscalledaflint.Andbecausewolfdungisoftenusedasfuel,thesmokeishighandhardtodissipate,soitisalsocalled"wolfsmoke".Moreover,itwasstipulatedintheMingDynasty.Morethan100oftheinvadingsoldierslitacigaretteandfiredagun,about500soldiersfiredtwocigarettesandtwoguns,morethan1000soldiersfiredthreecigarettesandthreeguns,morethan5000soldiersfiredfourcigarettesandfourguns,ifmorethan10000soldierswereinvolved,fivecigarettesandfiveguns.FromBadalingtothesouthisthefamousXiongguan,JuyongPass.JuyongPassisoneofthemostfamouspassesofthegreatwallandanimportantbarriertothenorthwestofancientBeijing.ItgotitsnamefromQinShihuangsconstructionoftheGreatWall.Thatistosay,theprisonersandthepeoplewhohavebeenpunishedinthepalacearecaughtheretoletthembuildtheGreatWall.Andlived.JuyongguanwascalledjuyongsaiinHanDynastyandjunduguaninSuiDynasty.WhenitwasrebuiltintheMingDynasty,itbecamethestrongestsectionoftheMingGreatWall.Therearebothmilitaryheadquartersandadministrativeorganizationshere.JuyongPassinancienttimeswasalsolushwithextraordinaryscenery.Juyongjucui,oneoftheeightfamousscenicspotsinYanjing,referstothisplace.Inaddition,therearemanyplacesofinterest,suchasYangLIULANGsShuanmazhuang,MuGuiyingsdianjiangtai,andbaifengzhong,wheredragonsandphoenixesplay.Notonlythat,butalsoJuyongGuanzhonghasawhitejadeplatform,calledYuntai,whichwasbuiltin1345.BecausetherewerethreeTibetanpagodasbuiltonthestageandthecouponsunderthestage,itwasoriginallycalled"crossingthestreetpagoda".IntheearlyMingDynasty,thepagodawasdestroyed,andthentheTaiantemplewasbuilt.IntheearlyQingDynasty,thetemplewasdestroyedagain,andnowthereareonlypillarbasesandwatchposts.TherearealsosixkindsofsealcuttingscripturesinSanskrit,Tibetanandbasibaontheinnerwall,whichareimportantobjectsforstudyingancientChinesecharacters.Havingsaidsomuch,letmetellyouastorytorelax.Thenameofthestoryiscalled"MengJiangnucryingtheGreatWall".ItsaboutQinShihuangbuildingtheGreatWall.Atthattime,inordertospeeduptheproject,itbegantodrawcivilservantsfromalloverthecountry.MengJiangnushusband,fanQiliang,wasalsotransferredtobuildtheGreatWallsoonafterherwedding.Inthetwinklingofaneye,threeyearslater,fanQiliangneverheardfromhim.MengJiangnucouldnteatwellandsleepwell.Suddenly,onenight.MengJiangnuhadadreamthatherhusbandwashungryandcold,andhisclothesdidntcoverherbody.Shekeptshouting"Imcold,Imhungry!"MengJiangnuwokeupanddecidedtogotoherhusband,andbroughthimdryfoodandwarmclothes.AllthewayalongtheGreatWallinsearchofhishusband.ShewenttoShanhaiguantofindoutthatmanypeoplehaddiedtobuildtheGreatWall.Herhusband,fanQiliang,wasalsotiredtodeathandburiedundertheGreatWall.Thisnewsislikeaboltfromtheblue,MengJiangnuimmediatelybegantocry,cryingearthshaking,sectionsofthegreatwallcollapsed,eighthundredmileslong.NowtheprojectmanagerwasinahurrytoreporttoQinShihuangwhowascomingheretoinspecttheprogressoftheproject.ThefirstemperorofQinsentsomeonetoarrestMengJiangnutofindoutthereason.Afterseeingher,QinShihuangwasfascinatedbyherbeautyandinsistedoncallingher"empressZhenggong".AlthoughMengJiangnuwasfullofanger,shestillhelddownherhatredandhadanidea.ShehadtoaskQinShihuangtoagreetoherthreeconditionsbeforeshecouldbecomethe"Empressofthepalace".ThefirstistofindthebodyofhishusbandfanQiliang;thesecondistoholdastatefuneralforhishusband;andthethirdistoaskthefirstemperorofQintowearmourningandflagforfanQiliang.AfterlisteningtothethreeconditionsproposedbyMengJiangnu,thefirstemperorofQinthoughtforamoment.InordertogetthebeautifulMengJiangnu,heinsisted.MengJiangnu,wearingfilialpiety,paidhomagetothetomboffanZhaliang,whodiedfortheconstructionofthecity.Herlongcherishedwishwasfulfilled.FacingtherollingBohaiSea,shejumpedupandthrewherselfintothesea.Attheendofthestory,doyouthinkQinShihuangisfatuousandoverbearing?Letsignorehimfirst.Startclimbingthegreatwallandbeahero!!大家好!歡迎大家到八達(dá)嶺景區(qū)觀光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起參觀，我很高興，希望各位能在八達(dá)嶺度過(guò)一段美好的時(shí)光。長(zhǎng)城是我們古代一項(xiàng)極為雄偉的防御性建筑，它東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)，橫貫我國(guó)北部。婉蜒一萬(wàn)兩千多里，故以“萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城”聞名于世。并于1987年被列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。被專家學(xué)者們稱為“世界上最長(zhǎng)的防御性城墻”。中國(guó)最早修建長(zhǎng)城是在公元前7世紀(jì)的春秋時(shí)期，最早修筑長(zhǎng)城的國(guó)家是楚國(guó)。楚國(guó)長(zhǎng)城在歷史文獻(xiàn)記載上稱作“方城”，長(zhǎng)度近千里。齊國(guó)也是諸侯國(guó)中修筑長(zhǎng)城較早的國(guó)家，齊長(zhǎng)城西起山東平陰，東入大海。是春秋時(shí)期長(zhǎng)城中遺址保存最多的。秦始皇于公元前220__年統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后，先修繕了秦、趙、燕三國(guó)北部的部分舊長(zhǎng)城。并開(kāi)始以“修萬(wàn)里城，筑萬(wàn)里人”的代價(jià)修建西起臨洮、東到遼東，長(zhǎng)達(dá)7000多千米的長(zhǎng)城。從此萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城巍然屹立于世界的東方，經(jīng)歷千百年的風(fēng)霜雨雪。西漢初期，為了抵御侵略和保護(hù)新開(kāi)發(fā)的“絲綢之路”。修筑了西起新疆羅布泊，東到遼東，長(zhǎng)達(dá)一萬(wàn)多千米的長(zhǎng)城。這也是我國(guó)歷史上最長(zhǎng)的一條長(zhǎng)城。明朝建立后，面對(duì)蒙古和女真的威脅。從朱元璋開(kāi)始就派大將徐達(dá)北上修筑長(zhǎng)城。直到明朝滅亡，先后大修十八次，歷時(shí)260余年。直到弘治20__年，才完成了東起鴨綠江邊，西到嘉峪關(guān)。途經(jīng)遼寧、河北、北京、山西、陜西、內(nèi)蒙古、寧夏、甘肅等省市自治區(qū)。全長(zhǎng)12700多里的長(zhǎng)城。并把長(zhǎng)城沿線劃分為九個(gè)防御區(qū)域，稱為“九邊九鎮(zhèn)”。而且還在許多重要關(guān)隘地區(qū)，特別是北京城的北面，修筑了多重城墻。這些就是我們現(xiàn)在所看到的八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城了。秦、漢、明三朝在歷史上修筑長(zhǎng)城的規(guī)模，相比其他朝代來(lái)講是最大的。所以說(shuō)在歷史上的三次修筑高潮就是秦朝、漢朝、明朝。現(xiàn)在，我就來(lái)介紹一下八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城。八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城位于北京西北部的延慶縣，是北京地區(qū)長(zhǎng)城中保存最完好，工程質(zhì)量最佳，結(jié)構(gòu)最嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)囊欢巍＿@段長(zhǎng)城以甕城為中心，南至七樓，北到十二樓，全長(zhǎng)4770米。它是北京地區(qū)通向塞外的唯一通道，是居庸關(guān)的前沿陣地。由此地東可到永寧、四海，西可到宣化、大同，南可抵京城，北可通延慶，四通八達(dá)，所以叫做八達(dá)嶺。八達(dá)嶺關(guān)城建于1520__年，城高7.5米，厚4米。東西兩門各有一塊牌匾，東為“居庸外鎮(zhèn)”，西為“北門鎖鑰”。關(guān)城入口處有一尊長(zhǎng)2.85米，口徑10.5厘米的大炮名叫“神威大將軍”。現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家看八達(dá)嶺這段長(zhǎng)城的城墻。這段城墻上窄下寬，上窄約5.8米，下寬約6.5米。分別由四種基本構(gòu)造構(gòu)成。一、城墻，二、城臺(tái)，三、關(guān)隘，四、烽火臺(tái)。墻內(nèi)有券門，中間有石梯相連。頂部可容5匹馬并行。烽火臺(tái)又稱烽堠、烽燧、狼煙臺(tái)。它獨(dú)立于城墻之外，幾乎每隔一里就有一座，組成了萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城的防御報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。每當(dāng)有敵兵進(jìn)犯的時(shí)候，烽火臺(tái)就燃烽火，傳遞軍情。白天燃煙稱烽。夜晚舉火稱燧。又因?yàn)榻?jīng)常用狼糞做燃料，煙飄的高又不易消散，所以也叫做“狼煙”。而且，在明朝規(guī)定。來(lái)犯敵兵百余人點(diǎn)一煙放一炮，五百人左右兩煙兩炮，千余人以上三煙三炮，五千人以上四煙四炮，如果事萬(wàn)人以上，五煙五炮。從八達(dá)嶺一直向南，就是著名的雄關(guān)——居庸關(guān)了。居庸關(guān)是萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城最有名的關(guān)隘之一，為古代北京西北的重要屏障。以秦始皇修長(zhǎng)城“徙居庸徒于此”而得名。也就是說(shuō)把囚犯、和受過(guò)宮刑的人，抓到這里來(lái)讓他們修長(zhǎng)城。并且居住了下來(lái)。居庸關(guān)在漢朝時(shí)叫居庸塞，隋朝叫軍都關(guān)。到了明朝重新修筑后，成了明長(zhǎng)城中最堅(jiān)固的一段。這里既有軍事指揮部、又有行政管理機(jī)構(gòu)。古時(shí)的居庸關(guān)同樣林木蔥郁，景致非凡，著名的燕京八景之一“居庸疊翠”指的就是這里了。除此之外還有許多名勝古跡，象楊六郎的栓馬樁、穆桂英的點(diǎn)將臺(tái)、游龍戲鳳的白鳳冢等七十二處名勝。不但如此，而且居庸關(guān)中還有一座始建于1345年的漢白玉高臺(tái)，人稱云臺(tái)。因臺(tái)上曾建有3座藏式佛塔，臺(tái)下為券門，故原稱“過(guò)街塔”。明初佛塔被毀，后又建泰安寺。清朝前期，寺又被毀，現(xiàn)僅有柱礎(chǔ)和望柱。內(nèi)壁還留有用梵文、藏文、八思巴文等6種文字篆刻的經(jīng)文，是研究我國(guó)古代文字的重要實(shí)物。說(shuō)了這么多了，下面我給大家講一個(gè)故事來(lái)放松一下。故事的名字呢就叫做“孟姜女哭長(zhǎng)城”。說(shuō)的是秦始皇修筑長(zhǎng)城的事。當(dāng)時(shí)為了加快工程速度，又開(kāi)始在全國(guó)各地抽調(diào)民夫。孟姜女的丈夫范杞梁在新婚不久，也被抽調(diào)去充當(dāng)修長(zhǎng)城的民夫了。轉(zhuǎn)眼三年過(guò)去了，范杞梁杳無(wú)音信，急得孟姜女吃不好睡不香。突然，有一天夜里。孟姜女做夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)到他的丈夫饑寒交迫，衣不遮體，還不停的喊“我冷啊，我餓呀!”孟姜女驚醒后決定去找丈夫，并給他帶上了干糧和御寒的衣服。一路沿著長(zhǎng)城尋找他的丈夫。她四處打聽(tīng)，走到山海關(guān)才知道，為修長(zhǎng)城死了很多人，丈夫范杞梁也被累死了，并埋在長(zhǎng)城下，尸骨都找不到。這一消息如同晴天霹靂，孟姜女頓時(shí)就傷心地痛哭起來(lái)，哭得驚天動(dòng)地，長(zhǎng)城一段段的倒塌，足有八百里長(zhǎng)。這下可急壞了工程總管，急忙去報(bào)告正來(lái)此巡查工程進(jìn)展的秦始皇。秦始皇趕忙派人把孟姜女抓來(lái)尋問(wèn)根由。當(dāng)見(jiàn)到之后，秦始皇卻被她的美貌迷住了，非要封她為"正宮娘娘"。孟姜女雖然怒火滿腔，但還是壓住心頭仇恨，靈機(jī)一動(dòng)，將計(jì)就計(jì)地非要秦始皇答應(yīng)她三個(gè)條件，之后才能當(dāng)"正宮娘娘"。一要找到丈夫范杞梁的尸體;二要為其丈夫舉行國(guó)葬;三要秦始皇為范杞梁披麻戴孝、打幡送葬。秦始皇聽(tīng)罷孟姜女提的三個(gè)條件，思索片刻，為了得到貌美如花的孟姜女，便硬著頭皮答應(yīng)下來(lái)，孟姜女戴著孝拜了為筑城而死的范札梁墳?zāi)购螅拊敢褍敚鎸?duì)滾滾的渤海，縱身一躍，投海自盡了。故事講完了，大家覺(jué)得秦始皇是不是昏庸霸道?咱們先不管他怎么樣。開(kāi)始登長(zhǎng)城做好漢吧!!北京導(dǎo)游詞英語(yǔ)加翻譯3Beijing,formerlyknownasPeking,wasthecapitaloftheYuanDynastyasearlyas1271.Hundredsofyearslater,Beijing,astheimperialcapital,isnowmoreprosperous.PeoplewhocometoBeijingforthefirsttimebytrainwillfeelthattherailwaystationisverybusyandthebusisveryconvenient.ItissaidthatthebusinBeijinghasthelongestbuslengthandthemostbusroutesinChina.Butbecausetrafficjamsarefrequent,itisnotthebestchoicetotravelinBeijingbybus.Beijingssubwaylinethroughthecityunderground,asmanyasadozen,thereisnotrafficjam,isthepreferredwayoftravelforthevastmajorityofpeople.InBeijing,themostworryisplaying.TherearemanyscenicspotsinBeijing,suchasTiananmenSquare,theGreatWall,theForbiddenCity,thesummerpalace,Xiangshan,HappyValley,thezoo,Yonghepalace,PrinceGongsmansion,thetempleofheaven,thetempleofearth,LugouBridge,theChinaWorldMonument,thenewsiteofCCTV,andsoon.WhenIcometoBeijingforthefirsttime,itisestimatedthatitwilltakemeamonthtoenjoyallthesescenicspots.Inothercities,itmaycostalotofmoneytovisitplacesofinterest,butinBeijing,itsnotexpensive.Forexample,inthepeakseasonofBadaling,its45yuan,inthezoo,its50yuan,andhalfpriceforstudents.TiananmenSquare,ChinaCenturyMonumentandotherattractionsarefreeofcharge.Althoughadmissionfeesforscenicspotsarenothigh,accommodationinBeijingisveryexpensive.Generally,thepriceofasmallhotelistensofyuananight,thatofaslightlylargerhotelismorethan100yuan,andthatofastandardroominamedium-sizedhotelisabout200-300yuan.IfyouwanttostayinBeijingforafewmoredays,youdbettergotogetherandrentashort-termsuiteinadvance,whichcansavealotofmoney.北京原名北平，早在公元1271年，元朝就定都于此，幾百年過(guò)去了，身為帝都的北京如今更加的繁華。坐火車初次來(lái)來(lái)北京的人，都會(huì)覺(jué)得火車站很熱鬧，公交很便捷。據(jù)說(shuō)北京的公交是我國(guó)城市公交車車長(zhǎng)最長(zhǎng)的，公交線路最多的，但因?yàn)槎萝囀菚r(shí)經(jīng)常的事，所以在北京出行坐公交并不是最佳的選擇。北京的地鐵線貫通城市地下，多達(dá)十幾條，還沒(méi)有堵車的困擾，是絕大多數(shù)人首選的出行方式。在北京，最不愁的就是玩。北京的景點(diǎn)很多，如天安門、長(zhǎng)城、故宮、頤和園、香山、歡樂(lè)谷、動(dòng)物園、雍和宮、恭王府、天壇、地壇、盧溝橋、中華世界壇、中央電視臺(tái)新址，等等。初次來(lái)到北京，要想把這些景點(diǎn)都盡興的游覽一遍，估計(jì)需要一個(gè)月的時(shí)間。游覽名勝古跡，在其他的城市門票可能是筆不小的花費(fèi)，但在北京門票并不算貴，像八達(dá)嶺門票旺季45元，動(dòng)物園50元，學(xué)生半價(jià);天安門、中華世紀(jì)壇等景點(diǎn)還是免費(fèi)進(jìn)入的。景點(diǎn)門票雖然收費(fèi)不高，但寸土寸金的北京住宿卻很貴。一般的小旅社價(jià)格要幾十元一晚，稍微大一點(diǎn)的賓館價(jià)格要一百多元，中等酒店賓館的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間價(jià)格要在二百到三百元左右。建議去北京游玩的人們，如果想多留幾天最好結(jié)伴而行，事先租好短期租用的套房，這樣可以省下不少錢。北京導(dǎo)游詞英語(yǔ)加翻譯4Beijing,theancientcapitalofSixDynastiesinChina,hasalonghistoryandarelativelycompletearchitecturalpattern.Beijing,thecapitalofthepeoplesRepublicofChina,isthecenterofChinaspolitics,cultureandinternationalexchanges.Therefore,Beijinghasarichandcolorfulancientandmodernculturallandscapeandprofoundculturalheritage.Beijingcoversanareaof16807.8squarekilometers,withJundumountaininthenorthandXishanMountainintheWest.DonglingMountainatthejunctionofHebeiProvinceis2303metersabovesealevel,thehighestpeakinBeijing.ThereareMiyunreservoir,HuairoureservoirandMingTombsReservoirintheterritory;therearefiveotherrivers,namelyChaobaiRiver,BeiyunheRiver,YongdingRiver,JumaRiverandTangheRiver.Beijingsclimateistemperatecontinentalmonsoonclimatewithdistinctseasons:alittlesandstorminspringandlowtemperature.Summerishotwithshowers.Inautumn,theweatherissunny,mildandcrisp,whichisthegoldenseasonfortourism;butinlateautumn,itiscoolerinthemorningandevening,andhotatnoon.Inwinter,theclimateisdryandcoldwithlesssnow.WhenyoucometoBeijingforsightseeing,youcantmissthesnackswithBeijingcharacteristicsandthefamousfoodwithalonghistory.FamousdishesincludeBeijingroastduck,instantboiledmuttonandcourtdishes.Beijingsspecialtiesare:WangMaziscissors,AngongNiuhuangPill,Qiulipaste,preservedfruit,Poriacocoscake,Liubijupickles.Localproductsare:Jingbaipear,Gaishi,Liangxiangchestnut,hawthorn,walnut,Miyunjujube,apricot.北京,是中國(guó)六朝古都,歷史源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng),保存著較為完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中華人民共和國(guó)的首都,簡(jiǎn)稱京,是中國(guó)的政治、文化和國(guó)際交往的中心,由此北京有著豐富多彩的古代、現(xiàn)代的人文景觀,有著博大精深的文化底蘊(yùn)。北京全市面積16807.8平方公里,在北面有軍都山,西面有西山,與河北交界的東靈山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境內(nèi)有密云水庫(kù)、懷柔水庫(kù)和十三陵水庫(kù);其他還有潮白河、北運(yùn)河、永定河、拒馬河和湯河五大河。北京的氣候?qū)儆跍貛Т箨懶约撅L(fēng)性氣候,季節(jié)分明:春季略有風(fēng)沙,氣溫偏低。夏季炎熱,有陣雨。秋季天氣晴朗、溫和,天高氣爽,是旅游的黃金季節(jié);但深秋早晚較涼,中午較熱。冬季氣候干燥、寒冷,雪較少。來(lái)北京觀光旅游不能錯(cuò)過(guò)具有北京特色的風(fēng)味小吃和悠久歷史的名吃。名吃有北京烤鴨、涮羊肉、宮廷菜。北京的特產(chǎn)有:王麻子刀剪、安宮牛黃丸、秋梨膏、果脯蜜餞、茯苓夾餅、六必居醬菜。土產(chǎn)有:京白梨、蓋柿、良鄉(xiāng)板栗、山楂、核桃、密云小棗、杏。北京導(dǎo)游詞英語(yǔ)加翻譯5Beijingisanationalhistoricalandculturalcitywithahistoryof3000years.BeijingusedtobethecapitalofSixDynastiesinhistory.Inmorethan2000yearssincethestateofYan,manymagnificentpalacebuildingshavebeenbuilt,makingBeijingthecitywiththelargestnumberofimperialpalaces,gardens,templesandtombsandtherichestcontentinChina.Amongthem,theImperialPalaceinBeijingwascalledtheImperialPalaceintheMingDynastyandtheForbiddenCityintheQingDynasty.ItusedtobetheimperialpalaceoftheMingandQingDynasties,andlivedin24emperors.ThemagnificentbuildingsperfectlyreflectthetraditionalChineseclassicalstyleandOrientalstyle.ItisthelargestexistingpalaceinChinaand