Unit3Theworldofscience單元素能自測Ⅰ.完形填空IbelieveIhadtheperfectlife.BecauseIwasaboutto__1__myhighschool,andonmywaytocollege,Ihadgreatfriendsandalovingfamily.Therewasnothingmissing.ButIspoketoosoon.Itwasaround9：25amthatIheardthenewsthatwould__2__mylifeforever.MybrotherZachhadbeeninacaraccident.Hefoughtforfivedaysbeforehe__3__.Thatday,Ibecameanonlychild.Ifeltextremely__4__.AfterZach'sdeath,Ifound__5__infood.Iate,thenIslept,thenIateagain.Icouldn'tcry.Icouldhardlyfeelanything,andIwas__6__.Istoppedbuildingrelationshipsforfearthattheywouldendjustas__7__asZach'slife.Also,Ibecamenervousaboutanypotentiallydangeroussituations—drivinglateatnight—butIcouldn'texpressthisfearoflife__8__Iwantedtobestrongformyparents.Isawmyparents'__9__worsethanminebecauseofthelosingoftheirson.Ididn'twantthemtocareaboutme.Ialsoexperiencedalotof__10__，becauseIwasangryaboutwhythesadnesshadhappenedtome,andIneverescapedfromthisemotion.Now,ithasbeennearlyfiveyearssinceZach'sdeath.Idon't__11__lifeanymore:Ifaceitbravely.I__12__myfriendshipsandbegansocializingmore.Ieven__13__Zach'sstorywithpeoplearoundme.Althoughmynewfriendsnevermethim,theyknowaboutZach.OnelessonIlearnedfromlosingmybrotherwasnevertobe__14__tosay,“Iloveyou.”Ilovedmybrother,butitwastoolatetoexpressitloudly.ThelasttimeIremembertellingmybrotherIlovedhimwaswhenhewasdying.Don'tmakethis__15__likeme.文章講解并描述了作者從弟弟的去世中得到一個教訓：不要膽怯 對家人說我愛你。1．A.admitB．finishC．skip D．determine解析：考查動詞辨析。admit承認；finish完成；skip跳過；determine確定。句意：因為我立刻中學畢業，去讀高校。依據后半句onmywaytocollege可知作者即將完成中學學業，考入高校，故選B。答案：B2．A.regret B．changeC．beautify D．solve解析：考查動詞辨析。regret懊悔；change變更；beautify使美化；solve解決。句意：大約早上九點二十五分，我聽到一個恒久變更我生活的消息。從下文可知弟弟的去世變更了作者的生活：不想交摯友。故選B。答案：B3．A.tookaway B．gaveawayC．passedaway D．flewaway解析：考查動詞詞組。takeaway帶走；giveaway泄露；passaway去世；flyaway飛走。依據下一段AfterZach'sdeath可知Zach去世了。故選C。答案：C4．A.lonely B．tiredC．bored D．nervous解析：考查形容詞辨析。lonely孤獨的；tired疲乏的；bored厭煩的；nervous驚慌的。從上一句Ibecameanonlychild.可知弟弟去世后，我成了家里唯一的孩子，感覺很孤獨，故選A。答案：A5．A.interest B．benefitC．guidance D．relief解析：考查名詞辨析。interest愛好；benefit利益，好處；guidance指導；relief減輕，勸慰。句意：弟弟去世后，我從食物中找尋勸慰，吃了睡，醒了接著吃。故選D。答案：D6．A.funny B．hopefulC．patient D．senseless解析：考查形容詞辨析。funny好玩的；hopeful有希望的；patient有耐性的；senseless無意識的。由前半句Icouldhardlyfeelanything，可知作者感覺不到任何東西，是無意識的。故選D。答案：D7．A.finally B．suddenlyC．nearly D．seriously解析：考查副詞辨析。finally最終；suddenly突然地；nearly幾乎，差不多；seriously仔細地。從上文可知Zach是突然去世的。句意：我不再交摯友，因為膽怯 他們會像Zach一樣突然去世。故選B。答案：B8．A.so B．ifC．unless D．because解析：考查連詞辨析。so因此；if假如；unless除非；because因為。句意：晚上，對于可能存在危急的行駛場合我都特殊驚慌。但是，我不能表達對生活的恐驚，因為我想在父母面前表現得堅毅。故選D。答案：D9．A.pain B．discouragementC．willingness D．memory解析：考查名詞辨析。pain苦痛；discouragement泄氣；willingness樂意；memory記憶。父母失去兒子是苦痛的。句意：由于父母失去兒子，他們比我更苦痛。故選A。答案：A10．A.surprise B．angerC．disappointment D．doubt解析：考查名詞辨析。surprise驚異；anger怒火；disappointment悲觀；doubt懷疑。后半句becauseIwasangryaboutwhythesadnesshadhappenedtome為什么哀痛的事情發生在我身上，可知作者感覺很惱火。故選B。答案：B11．A.damage B．chooseC．fear D．leave解析：考查動詞辨析。damage破壞；choose選擇；fear膽怯 ；leave離開。依據下一句Ifaceitbravely可知作者不再膽怯 生活，而是英勇面對，故選C。答案：C12．A.produced B．rebuiltC．communicated D．raised解析：考查動詞辨析。produce生產；rebuild重建；communicate溝通；raise提高。依據后半句．..andbegansocializingmore.可知作者重建友情，起先社交，故選B。答案：B13．A.copy B．advertiseC．share D．perform解析：考查動詞辨析。copy復制；advertise做廣告；share共享；perform執行。句意：我甚至和四周的人共享Zach的故事，盡管我的新摯友從未見過Zach，但都知道他。share...with與某人共享某事。故選C。答案：C14．A.stubborn B．satisfiedC．brave D．afraid解析：考查形容詞辨析。stubborn固執的；satisfied滿足的；brave英勇的；afraid膽怯 的。句意：從失去弟弟這件事上我得到一個教訓：不要膽怯 給家人說我愛你。A、B、C選項均不符合語境，故選D。答案：D15．A.mistake B．decisionC．explanation D．difference解析：考查名詞辨析。mistake錯誤；decision確定；explanation說明；difference不同。句意：不要像我一樣犯這樣的錯誤。故選A。答案：AⅡ.閱讀理解Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthefirst-nighteffect.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownDrSasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity'sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.DrSasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants'brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,DrSasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鳴聲)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.這篇文章的主題和睡眠環境有關，在一個生疏的環境里，人們睡在生疏的床上通常會無法入眠，心理學家們將這種現象稱之為“初夜”效應。本文圍圍著睡眠環境和探討者的調查內容與結論綻開敘述。1．WhatdowelearnaboutDrYukaSasakidoingherresearch?A．Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.B．Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.C．Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins.D．Sheconductedstudiesonbirds'anddolphins'sleepingpatterns.解析：細微環節理解題。依據第三段Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.DrYukaSasaki從從前對鳥類和海豚的試驗中知道動物在睡覺時左半側大腦遠沒有右半側大腦睡得深，這樣可以使它們在休息時保持對捕食者的警惕，表明動物在睡眠狀態時的大腦活動是不對稱的，Sasaki新奇人類狀況是否類似。可以得知對人類睡眠試驗的想法來源于之前對鳥和海豚做的試驗。故選C。答案：C2．WhatdidDrSasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?A．Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.B．Sherecruited(招募)35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.C．Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants'brains.D．Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.解析：細微環節理解題。該題定位句是第三段“Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.”這句話提到試驗的參與者在心理科學系睡了兩晚并且大腦活動受到監測。故選A。答案：A3．WhatdidDrSasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?A．Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.B．Sherecordedparticipants'adaptationtochangedenvironment.C．Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli(刺激物)．D．Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.解析：細微環節理解題。該題定位句是最終一段“DrSasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鳴聲)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.”。這句話提到Sasaki博士重新進行了一次試驗，他讓睡眠中的參與者聽了兩種聲音，分別是“mixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鳴聲)ofthesametone”(定時響起音調不變的嗶嗶聲)和“irregularbeepsofadifferenttone”(隨機響起音調各異的嗶嗶聲)。故選C。答案：C4．WhatdidDrSasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?A．Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.B．Theytendedtorecognizeirregularbeepsasathreat.C．Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.D．Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.解析：細微環節理解題。該題定位句是最終一段Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.得知Sasaki博士在試驗中發覺當人們在生疏環境中睡覺時，左半側大腦保持醒悟以警惕生疏環境，對隨機發出的嗶嗶聲有所反應將人們從睡眠中叫醒，并且同時會忽視定時發出的嗶嗶聲。可以推斷出人們會把隨機發出的嗶嗶聲視作一個威逼。故選B。答案：BⅢ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，依據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Ifyouhaven'tseenalpacameat(羊駝肉)onthemenuyet,chancesareyousoonwill.Itisrisinginpopularity;about70restaurantsacrossAustraliafeaturethemeatintheirdishes.AmongthemisMelbournerestaurantPastuso,whoseheadchefappearedinavideobytheAustralianAlpacaAssociationtodiscusshowpeoplehavelikedthedish.AlejandroSaravia,aPeruviancookatPastuso,describedthetasteassimilartobeef.“AlpacameathasbeenverywellenjoyedbytheAustralianpublic，”hesaidinthevideo.FamouscookMattMoran,whoownssomeofSydney'sleadingrestaurants,wroteanarticleforTheDailyTelegraphtodiscusshisexperienceofcookingalpacameat.Moransaidhehadnevertriedthemeatuntilhevisitedanalpacafarm,anddescribedtheflavouras“verytasty”，especiallythemeatfromtheneck.AlpacameathasalsostarredindishesattheMelbourneFoodandWineFestival,withTheAgereportingin2013about20Australianrestaurantsservedthemeat,anumberwhichhasgrownquicklysince.MelbournerestaurantSanTelmo'sheadcookMikePatrickresearchedanalpacadish,andsaidtheresponsewasmixed.“Itwas50/50:somepeoplesaid‘ohwow—whatareyoucookingthatfor