2023年葫蘆島市普通高中高三年級第二次模擬考試高三英語考生注意：1．試卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2．本考試分設試卷和答題卡。試卷包括Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷兩部分。3．答題前，務必在答題卡上按要求填寫信息，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。作答必須涂或寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答一律不得分。Ⅰ卷部分的作答必須涂在答題卡上相應的區域，Ⅱ卷部分的作答必須寫在答題卡上與試卷題號對應的位置。第Ⅰ卷(三部分，共95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodonow?A.Takeanexamination.B.Gobacktoschool.C.Askforaleave.2.Wherearethetwospeakers?A.Ataparty.B.Inalibrary.C.Inarestaurant.3.WhatisthemangoingtodothisFriday?A.Workatatheater.B.Attendabirthdayparty.C.Watchaplay.4.Whatisthelittlegirldoing?A.Playingtheguitar.B.Collectingmoney.C.Watchingtheperformance.5.Whyisthemanlate?A.Hetookthewrongbus.B.Hehelpedotherpeople.C.Hegotlostonhiswayhome.第二節(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthetimenow?A.10:20.B.10:40.C.11:00.7.Whatdoesthewomanbuyintheend?A.Twotickets.B.Afirstclassticket.C.Asecondclassticket.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Workmates.C.Friends.9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemanplayingtheviolin?A.Itisstrange.B.Itisnoisy.C.Itsoundsgood.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whocan’tattendthemeetingonThursday?A.Wilma.B.Gloria.C.Jason.11.Whenwillthemeetingtakeplace?A.AtnoonnextTuesday.B.At1pmnextMonday.C.At9amonWednesday.12.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thelocationofthemeeting.B.Thepeopleatthemeeting.C.Thetimeofthemeeting.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatdoesthemancometothewomanfor?A.Money.B.Advice.C.Permission.14.Howmanyproblemsarethemanfacing?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.15.Whichofthefollowingisnotallowedintheuniversity?A.Buyingacar.B.Sellingacar.C.Lendingmoneytostudents.16.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.Borrowmoney.B.Sellhiscar.C.Keephiscar.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whendothecampersputonperformances?A.Everyday.B.Attheweekend.C.Attheendofthesession.18.Whichofthefollowingiswhatthecamperscando?A.Dosports.B.Learntocook.C.Learntopaint.19.Howmanycampersaretherepersession?A.39.B.145.C.250.20.Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker?A.ToattractartiststoLongLake.B.ToattractvisitorstoLongLake.C.ToattractstudentstoLongLake.第二部分閱讀(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATokyohasagreatrangeofcafes,butmanydon’tofferfreewirelessInternetaccessorpoweroutlets(電源插座).So,forthebenefitofthoselookingforfreeWi-Fi,hereareourtopspotsintheJapanesecapital.CoffeeValleyCoffeeValleyisasmallcoffeeshop.Whilethefirstfloorhaslimitedseating,thereareoutletsforeachseat.Ifyoudon’tneedtocharge,thesecondfloorismuchmorespaciouswithanareathatcanaccommodategroupsofuptofourpeople.Theyalsohaveagoodselectionofsnackstoaccompanyyourcoffee.Date:Opendaily.Time:8A.M.—8P.M.(From9A.M.onweekends).Location:Afive-minutewalkfromtheeastexitofIkebukuroStation.10°Cafe10°Cafeistheperfectplaceforearlybirds.Forsomepeaceandquiet,workonthesecondfloor.At10°Cafe,eachseathaspoweroutletswhiletheircounterseatsofferagreatviewofthesurroundingneighborhood.Theirmenupricesbefore11A.M.offerdiscountedbreakfast.Date:Daily(ClosedeverythirdSundayofthemonth).Time:7:30A.M.—9P.M.Location:Afive-minutewalkfromTakadanobabaStation.GoodSoundCoffeeComeforthecoffee,andstayfortheirmusicselection.GoodSoundCoffeeisafriendlyneighborhoodcafeclosetoNakameguroStation.Thereareindoorandoutdoorseatsandplentyofoutlets.Itmightgetcrowdedontheweekends,andthecafeoffersdiscountsonfooditems.Date:DailyTime:8AM.—11P.M.Location:Athree-minutewalkfromtheeastexitofNakameguroStation.ValleyParkStandValleyParkStandopensfromearlyinthemorningtolateintheevening.Therearepublictableswithpoweroutlets.It’sspaciouswithlotsofnaturallightafewstepsawayfromtheMiyashitaPark.Thereisadecentlysizedmenuwithtea,coffeeandvarioussandwichesandbites.Date:Daily.Time:8A.M.—10P.M.Location:Afewminutes’walkfromMiyashitaPark.1.Whatisthespecialpartof10°Cafe?A.Itopenstothelatenight. B.Ithasonedayoffeachmonth.C.Itoffersdifferentdelicioussnacks. D.It’snotfarfromtheIkebukuroStation.2.Whichcafeisfriendlytomusiclovers?A.10°Cafe. B.CoffeeValley.C.GoodSoundCoffee. D.ValleyParkStand.3.Whatdo10°CafeandGoodSoundCoffeehaveincommon?A.Customerscanenjoyvarioussnacks.B.Customerscanstilldrinkcoffeeat10P.M.inthecafes.C.CustomerscangeteasyaccesstoNakameguroStation.D.Customerscangetfoodatacheaperpriceduringacertainperiod.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導語】本文是應用文。文章主要介紹日本首都東京的熱門咖啡館。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據10°Cafe部分“ClosedeverythirdSundayofthemonth(每月第三個星期天休息)”可知，在10度咖啡館，每個月有一天是休息的。故選B。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據GoodSoundCoffee部分“Comeforthecoffee,andstayfortheirmusicselection.(為咖啡而來，為聽他們挑選的音樂而留下來)”可知，音樂愛好者會喜歡去好聲音咖啡館。故選C。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據10°Cafe部分“Theirmenupricesbefore11A.M.offerdiscountedbreakfast.(他們上午11點之前的菜單價格提供折扣早餐)”和GoodSoundCoffee部分“Itmightgetcrowdedontheweekends,andthecafeoffersdiscountsonfooditems.(周末可能會很擁擠，咖啡館提供食品折扣)”可知，這兩個地方會在特定的時間段提供便宜的食物。故選D。BIntheAugustsun,it’sunbearablyhotinmycar.I’minVancouver,approachingtheKnightStreetBridgeasItrytogethomeafterwork.It’s5:15pm.Trafficisalreadyslowingdownandthenitcomestoafullstop.I’mstuckevenbeforegettingonthebridge.Thishasbecomemynormalworkcommute(上下班往返)routine.Aheadofmeisaheavilyjammedon-ramp(匝道).Istareattheendlessrowsofvehicles,depressed.Myinitialreactionisalwaysdenial.Thisisnothowitlooks.Thetrafficwillsoonstartmoving.Secondspass.Minutespass.Lookingattherowsofcarsandtrucksglittering(閃光)inthesun,Istartcounting—299,300,301—andIgiveup.SuddenlyIrememberI’moneofthe300helplessdrivers.ButIstayalert.Whenthecarsdomove,Imovecarefully,makingsurenottobumpintoothervehicles.Finally,Imakeitontothebridge.Thetrafficisstillcrawlingatasnail’space.Tiredandhungry,Ibecomeveryanxious.Justthen,Ihearafaintsoundinthedistance.Thesoundgraduallybecomeslouder,untilIcanidentifyitasanemergencyvehicleapproachingfrombehind.Whatdowedo?Thebridgeispacked.There’snoroomforustomove.ButI’mwrong.Everysinglecarquickly,yetcarefully,movestotheside.Withoutthinking,Ifollowsuit.Thelaneremainsopenforafewsecondsduringwhichtheambulanceflashesthrough.Afterward,everycarmovesbackintoformation(隊形).Wecloseuptheemergencylane,readytorestartourpatientwait.Backinmyspot,I’mawestruck.Iforgetmytirednessandhunger.Myanxietyisgone.Istartreflectinguponwhat300fellowdriversandIjustdid.Howdidwedothat?Despiteourexhaustion,wecollectivelydecidedtohelpthestrangerwhoneededthetimemoredesperatelythanwedid.Wedrewonourcompassion(同情心)andintelligence,requiringnodirectives.AlthoughImayseemalonestuckonthebridge,I’mconnectedtoalltheotherdrivers.Togetherwecouldmaketheimpossiblepossible.4.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenseeingtheon-ramp?A.Annoyed. B.Shocked.C.Calm. D.Discouraged.5Whatdoestheauthorthinkwhenknowinganambulanceisapproaching?A.Alldriverswillbewillingtomove. B.Someoneshoulddirectthetraffic.C.Itwillbehardforittopassthrough. D.Whoeverisinsideneedsimmediatehelp.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“awestruck”inparagraph7mostprobablymean?A.Deeplydoubtful. B.Filledwithadmiration.C.Extremelyconfused. D.Feelingdistracted.7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkmadethemiraclehappen?A.People’skindness. B.Instructionsfromastranger.C.Thedrivers’gooddrivingskills. D.Thedrivers’positivemindset.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者下班回家堵在擁堵的車道上，這時一輛救護車從后面駛來，人們都自發讓出車道，讓救護車順利通過，這一舉動展現了人性的善良。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段關鍵句“Aheadofmeisaheavilyjammedon-ramp(匝道).Istareattheendlessrowsofvehicles,depressed.(在我前面是一個擁擠不堪的入口匝道。我沮喪地盯著一望無際的車輛)”可知，當看到擁擠不堪的入口匝道時，作者感到沮喪。故選D項。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據第五段關鍵句“Thesoundgraduallybecomeslouder,untilIcanidentifyitasanemergencyvehicleapproachingfrombehind.Whatdowedo?Thebridgeispacked.There’snoroomforustomove.(聲音逐漸變大，直到我能認出是一輛從后面駛來的救護車。我們該怎么辦？橋上擠滿了車。我們沒有移動的空間)”可知，作者認為橋上擠滿了車，沒有移動的空間讓救護車通過。由此可知，當知道救護車即將到來時，作者認為它將很難通過。故選C項。【6題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據第六段關鍵句“Everysinglecarquickly,yetcarefully,movestotheside.Withoutthinking,Ifollowsuit.Thelaneremainsopenforafewsecondsduringwhichtheambulanceflashesthrough.(每一輛車都迅速而小心地移到一邊。我不假思索地照做了。車道保持開放幾秒鐘，在此期間救護車快速通過)”可知，橋上的車輛全部自發的讓出車道，讓救護車順利通過。由此可知，這種善良的舉動讓作者感到敬畏，“Filledwithadmiration”意為“充滿欽佩”，能夠表達劃線單詞在句中所要表達的意思。故選B項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段內容“Howdidwedothat?Despiteourexhaustion,wecollectivelydecidedtohelpthestrangerwhoneededthetimemoredesperatelythanwedid.Wedrewonourcompassion(同情心)andintelligence,requiringnodirectives.(我們是怎么做到的？盡管我們筋疲力盡，但我們還是集體決定幫助那個比我們更迫切需要時間的陌生人。我們發揮我們的同情心和智慧，不需要任何指令)”可知，我們發揮我們的同情心，展現了人性的善良，在無任何指令的情況下，幫助了比我們更迫切需要時間的陌生人。由此推知，作者認為是人們的善良促成了奇跡的發生。故選A項。CHaveyoueverseenacarwithoutadriver?Itsoundscrazy,butthesecomputer-drivendriverlesscarswillsoonbefillingroadsnearyou.Techcompaniesaroundtheworldhavebeendesigningandtestingdriverlessvehiclesandthetechnologyisavailablealready.So,howdotheywork?Thecarsarecoveredinsensorsthatcandetectothercarsandobstaclesontheroad.Sensorsonthewheelsalsohelpwhenparking.Roadsignsarereadbycameras,andsatellitenavigationsystemsareused.Finally,acentralcomputersystemtakesinalltheinformationandprocessesthistoworkoutwhentoaccelerate,brakeandsteer.Allyouhavetodoistypeinthedestination.Soundslikeyourideaofheaven?Sittingback,lookingoutofthewindowsandevenwatchingafilmwhile“driving”willallbepossiblewiththisnewtechnology.Inaddition,computersaregenerallymoreefficientdriversthanhumans,meaningemissionscanbereduced.Theyalsodrivemoresafelythanpeople—theydon’tgetdistractedbymusicorfriends,theyobeythespeedlimitandtheyhavequickerreactiontimesincaseofanemergency.However,therearestillmanydrawbacksofdriverlesscars.Computerswillhavedifficultiesmakingethical(道德上的)decisions.Ifachildranoutintotheroad,wouldthecomputerchoosetohitthechildorturnasidesharplyandpotentiallyhurtthecar’spassengersinstead?Moreover,Ipersonallyfinddrivingfun.I’dmissneverbeingbehindthewheelmyself.Therewouldalsobelegalquestions.Shouldchildrenordrunkpeople,beallowedinadriverlesscarbythemselves?Orwouldthereneedtobearesponsibleadultwithadrivinglicenceinthecaratalltimes?Althoughbeingdrivenaroundbyamachinewouldperhapsmeanthatnooneneedsadrivinglicense,manypeoplewouldbeputoutofajobbythepopularizationofdriverlesscars.Bus,taxiandtraindriverswouldbemadeunwanted.I’mnotconvincedI’dwantadriverlesscar,butit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforethey’llbecomemoreaffordableandcommonplaceonourroads.8.Whatdoyouneedtodowhenusingadriverlesscar?A.Controlthesensors. B.Readtheroadsignscarefully.C.Checkthesatellitenavigationsystems. D.Puttheaddressintothecomputer.9.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellusaboutdriverlesscars?A.Theiremissions. B.Theiradvantages.C.Theirtestingprocess. D.Theirreactiontoanemergency.10.Howdoestheauthoranalyzetheshortcomingsofdriverlesscars?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Byanalyzingtheirharmfuleffects.C.Byraisingsomequestions. D.Bysharingpersonalexperiences.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffuturedriverlesscars?A.Theywillbelessexpensive. B.Theywillconsumelessenergy.C.Theywilldomoreharmthangood. D.Theywillbemorestrictlycontrolled.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了無人駕駛汽車的工作原理，優點以及存在的問題。【8題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第二段中“Allyouhavetodoistypeinthedestination.(你所要做的就是輸入目的地。)”可知，使用無人駕駛汽車需要輸入目的地，故選D項。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章第三段“Soundslikeyourideaofheaven?Sittingback,lookingoutofthewindowsandevenwatchingafilmwhile“driving”willallbepossiblewiththisnewtechnology.Inaddition,computersaregenerallymoreefficientdriversthanhumans,meaningemissionscanbereduced.Theyalsodrivemoresafelythanpeople—theydon’tgetdistractedbymusicorfriends,theyobeythespeedlimitandtheyhavequickerreactiontimesincaseofanemergency.(聽起來像你對天堂的想法？坐下來，看著窗外，甚至在“駕駛”時看電影都可以通過這項新技術實現。此外，計算機通常是比人類更有效率的駕駛員，這意味著可以減少排放。他們的駕駛也比人更安全——他們不會被音樂或朋友分心，他們遵守速度限制，并且在緊急情況下他們的反應時間更快。)”可知。本段主要講述了自動駕駛汽車的優點，特別是它們比駕駛員更安全和更高效。故選B項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第四段中“Ifachildranoutintotheroad,wouldthecomputerchoosetohitthechildorturnasidesharplyandpotentiallyhurtthecar’spassengersinstead?Moreover,Ipersonallyfinddrivingfun.I’dmissneverbeingbehindthewheelmyself.Therewouldalsobelegalquestions.Shouldchildrenordrunkpeople,beallowedinadriverlesscarbythemselves?Orwouldthereneedtobearesponsibleadultwithadrivinglicenceinthecaratalltimes?(如果一個孩子跑到路上，計算機會選擇撞到孩子還是急劇轉向一邊，反而可能傷害汽車的乘客？此外，我個人覺得駕駛很有趣。我會懷念自己從不開車。還會有法律問題。兒童或醉酒的人應該被允許自己乘坐無人駕駛汽車嗎？還是需要有一個負責任的成年人在車內始終持有駕駛執照？)”可知，作者提出了一些問題，通過問題來分析無人駕駛汽車的缺點，故選C項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“I’mnotconvincedI’dwantadriverlesscar,butit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforethey’llbecomemoreaffordableandcommonplaceonourroads.(我不確定我會想要一輛無人駕駛汽車，但它們在我們的道路上變得更加實惠和普遍只是時間問題。)”可知，作者似乎認為自動駕駛汽車會變得更加普及和更負擔得起，而不受到個人意見的影響。故選A項。DAstronghittotheheadwillnormallygiveyouaconcussion(腦震蕩).Woodpeckers,however,striketheirbeaks(喙)intotreesthousandsoftimesadayandareperfectlyfine.Weusedtothinkthatawoodpecker’sskull(頭骨)workedasakindofsafetyhelmetwhichabsorbedtheshocks.AnewstudybySamVanWassenbergh,aresearcherattheUniversityofAntwerpinBelgum,provedthatthis“commonsense”wasinfactfalse.VanWassenberghandhiscolleaguesarguedthat,ifawoodpecker’sheadabsorbedtheforce,itwouldnotbeabletostrikethetreewithenoughforce.“Ifthebeakabsorbedmuchofitsownimpact,theunfortunatebirdwouldhavetopoundevenharder,”theysaidintheirpaper.Inotherwords,ifthetheoryweretrue,thewoodpeckerwouldhavetopeckevenhardertocompensate(彌補)forboththeshock-absorbingqualitiesofthesponge-likeboneinsideitsskullaswellasthedensity(密度)ofthewood.Thescientistsrecordedfourdifferentkindsofwoodpeckersinzoosastheywerepecking.Theteamuseddatafromtheirhigh-speedrecordingstobuilddigitalmodelsofthewoodpeckers.VanWassenberghdescribedthewoodpeckers’motionas“ahammer(錘子)hittingwood”sincetheirmovementrigidandfocused.Theresearchsuggestedthatwoodpeckersdon’thaveanyshock-absorbingdeviceortheabilitytoreducetheamountofforce.Althoughtheyarewithout“helmets”,theteamclaimedthatthewoodpeckers’tinysizeandweightprotectthem.Awoodpecker’sbrainisabout700timessmallerthanthatofahuman.“Smalleranimalscanstanduptohigherdecelerations(減速).Thinkaboutaflythathitsawindowandthenjustfliesbackagain,”VanWassenberghsaid.“Sothatiswhyeventhehardesthitsweobservedarenotexpectedtocauseanyconcussion.”THEORIESOFPECKINGPrevioustheory1:Theshockisabsorbedbyaspongy(海綿似的)bonebehindthewoodpecker’sbeak.Previoustheory2:Woodpeckershavealongtonguethatwrapsaroundtheskullwhichprotectsthebrain.Previoustheory3:Theliquidinsidetheskullensuresthatthebrainwillnotmoveviolently.Newtheory:Thereisnoshock-absorbingdeviceinthehead.Woodpeckers’tinybodyisabletotakethehit.12.Whatdidpeopleusetobelieveaboutwoodpeckerswhentheypecktrees?A.Theycouldresistslightconcussions.B.Theirheadswereabletoreducetheimpact.C.Theirbeakscouldspreadtheshockstheyproduce.D.Theirbodiesweresoftenoughtoabsorbtheforce.13.WhatdidtheexperimentconductedbyVanWassenberghandhiscolleaguesprove?A.Theshockabsorbertheoryismostlycorrect.B.Howwoodpeckerspeckdependsontheirtype.C.Woodpeckersdonothavespecialsafetydevices.D.Densityofthewoodaffectsawoodpeckers’peckingforce.14.WhatprotectsawoodpeckerfromgettingaconcussionaccordingtoVanWassenbergh?A.Itssize. B.Itsskull. C.Itsbeak. D.Itsspecies.15.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Anadvertisement. B.Aninformationbrochure.C.Anobservationdiary. D.Asciencemagzine.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章以一項研究成果為依據向我們揭露了啄木鳥其實并不是我們過去認為的那樣，頭部有減震裝置或減少力量的能力，并且得出了是因為它們微小的體型和體重使得它們可以承受撞擊。【12題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Weusedtothinkthatawoodpecker’sskullworkedasakindofsafetyhelmetwhichabsorbedtheshocks.AnewstudybySamVanWassenbergh,aresearcherattheUniversityofAntwerpinBelgum,provedthatthis“commonsense”wasinfactfalse.(我們過去認為啄木鳥的頭骨就像安全帽一樣可以吸收震動。比利時安特衛普大學(UniversityofAntwerp)的研究人員薩姆·范·瓦森伯格(SamVanWassenbergh)的一項新研究證明，這種“常識”實際上是錯誤的)”可知我們過去對于啄木鳥的普遍認識是它的頭骨可以作為一種安全頭盔，可以緩沖沖擊力，即它們的頭可以減少沖擊的力量。故選B項。【13題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第六段“Theresearchsuggestedthatwoodpeckersdon’thaveanyshock-absorbingdeviceortheabilitytoreducetheamountofforce.Althoughtheyarewithout“helmets”,theteamclaimedthatthewoodpeckers’tinysizeandweightprotectthem.(研究表明，啄木鳥沒有任何減震裝置或減少力量的能力。盡管它們沒有“頭盔”，但研究小組聲稱，啄木鳥微小的體型和體重保護了它們)”可知研究表明，啄木鳥沒有任何減震裝置或減少力量的能力，也沒有所謂的安全“頭盔”，即它們沒有特殊的安全裝置。故選C項。【14題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第六段“Theresearchsuggestedthatwoodpeckersdon’thaveanyshock-absorbingdeviceortheabilitytoreducetheamountofforce.Althoughtheyarewithout“helmets”,theteamclaimedthatthewoodpeckers’tinysizeandweightprotectthem.(研究表明，啄木鳥沒有任何減震裝置或減少力量的能力。盡管它們沒有“頭盔”，但研究小組聲稱，啄木鳥微小的體型和體重保護了它們)”可知根據Vanwassenberg的說法，是它的大小保護啄木鳥不受腦震蕩的傷害。故選A項。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章以一項研究成果為依據向我們揭露了啄木鳥其實并不是我們過去認為的那樣，頭部有減震裝置或減少力量的能力，并且得出了是因為它們微小的體型和體重使得他們可以承受撞擊，這是基于科學研究的基礎上得出的結論，故推知這篇文章出自于一篇科學雜志。故選D項。第二節(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Weallknowaboutthehealthbenefitsofswimming.Itoffersagreatworkoutforthebody—itbuildsendurance,musclestrength,andcardiovascular(心血管的)fitness.___16___?Well,manypeoplearetrying,basedonevidencethatitisgoodforus.Cold-waterswimminginvolvesswimminginnaturalareasincludingponds,rivers,andthesea.___17___.Andresearchhasfounditcanhavemuchbiggerbenefitsthanthatforyourbodyandmind.Besidesbeinggoodexercise,spendingtimeoutdoorsandinthewaterimproveswellbeing.___18___.Onemanwhosufferedconstantpainaftersurgeryclaimedhewascuredbytakingaplungeincoldopenwater.Andanotherswimmer,SandriaSimons,toldtheBBC,“theimmersion(浸)ofyourbodyincold,saltwater,justfeelinglikeyou’reatonewithnatureifyoulike,justfeelsamazing.”Butwhatarepeoplegainingfromthischillyexperience?Doctorssaygettingintocoldwatercausesastressresponse,butthemoreyoudoit,yourreactiontostressisreduced.It’salsothoughttohaveastronganti-inflammatory(消炎的)effect.___19___.Someexpertsbelievecold-waterswimminghelps“cross-adaptation”,whereoneformofstresspreparesthebodyforanother.Forexample,italsohelpsreducethestressofexercisingathighaltitudes.___20___:approachitwithcaution,swimwithafriend,andmaybestartinthesummer,whenthewatertemperaturesarehigher!A.AcoldswimwakesyouupB.WanttohaveagoatopenwaterswimmingC.Itcanalsobedangerous,soit’simportanttodoitrightD.Butwhowouldenjoyswimminginwaterthat’sicecoldE.So,ifyou’reconvincedthatthisisforyou,takethisadviceF.Buttherearebiggerbenefitstothisstress-reducingexerciseG.Evidencesuggeststhatcold-waterswimminghascuredcertainhealthconditions【答案】16.D17.A18.G19.F20.E【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了冷水游泳對人的身心的好處，并給出了如何開始冷水游泳的建議。【16題詳解】根據上文“Weallknowaboutthehealthbenefitsofswimming.Itoffersagreatworkoutforthebody—itbuildsendurance,musclestrengthandcardiovascularfitness.(我們都知道游泳對健康的好處。它為身體提供了很好的鍛煉——增強耐力、肌肉力量和心血管健康。)”，下文“Well,manypeoplearetrying,basedonevidencethatitisgoodforus(嗯，很多人都在嘗試，因為有證據表明這對我們有好處)”，和下一段中“Cold-waterswimminginvolvesswimminginnaturalareasincludingponds,rivers,andthesea.(冷水游泳包括在池塘、河流和海洋等自然環境中游泳)”可知，文章接下來的話題是冷水游泳，后一句在說明它有好處，空處應該提到冷水游泳這一關鍵詞。D項“Butwhowouldenjoyswimminginwaterthat’sicecold(但誰會喜歡在冰冷的水里游泳呢？)”與上文為轉折關系，與下文為順接關系，且下文中的it指代swimminginwaterthat’sicecold，上下文銜接連貫。故選D項。【17題詳解】根據上文“Cold-waterswimminginvolvesswimminginnaturalareasincludingponds,rivers,andthesea.(冷水游泳包括在池塘、河流和海洋等自然環境中游泳)”，下文“Andresearchhasfounditcanhavemuchbiggerbenefitsthanthatforyourbodyandmind.(研究發現，它對你的身心有比那更大的好處。)”闡述冷水游泳對身心有好處，和上文選項并列，A項“Acoldswimwakesyouup.(冷水游泳能使人清醒)”，具體說明冷水游泳的好處，下文中的that指代此處的wakesyouup，上下文銜接連貫，語義一致，故選A項。

【18題詳解】根據下文“Onemanwhosufferedconstantpainaftersurgeryclaimedhewascuredbytakingaplungeincoldopenwater.Andanotherswimmer,SandriaSimons,toldtheBBC‘theimmersion(浸)ofyourbodyincold,saltwater,justfeelinglikeyou’reatonewithnatureifyoulike,justfeelsamazing.(一名手術后持續疼痛的男子聲稱，他在冰冷的開放水域中潛水后痊愈了。另一名游泳運動員桑德莉亞·西蒙斯告訴BBC：‘身體浸泡在冰冷的海水中，如果你愿意，就會覺得自己與大自然融為一體，這種感覺太棒了。’)”可知，后文舉例手術后通過冷水游泳痊愈的男孩和游泳運動員的說法表明，冷水游泳是對人體有好處的。G項“Evidencesuggeststhatcold-waterswimminghascuredcertainhealthconditions(有證據表明，冷水游泳可以治愈某些健康問題)”為本段主題句，符合語境，故選G項。【19題詳解】根據上文“Doctorssaygettingintocoldwatercausesastressresponse,butthemoreyoudoit,yourreactiontostressisreduced.It’salsothoughttohaveastronganti-inflammatory(消炎的)effect.(醫生說，泡冷水會引起壓力反應，但泡得越多，壓力就被減少。它也被認為有很強的消炎作用。)”，以及下文“Someexpertsbelievethatcold-waterswimminghelps‘cross-adaptation’,whereoneformofstresspreparesthebodyforanother.(一些專家認為，冷水游泳有助于‘交叉適應’，即一種形式的壓力為身體為另一種壓力做準備。)”可知，本段從科學角度解釋冷水游泳對人體的好處，前文圍繞緩解壓力，后文圍繞交叉適應，空處需起到過渡的作用，從一種好處延伸到更大的好處。F項“Buttherearebiggerbenefitstothisstress-reducingexercise(但這種減壓運動還有更大的好處。)”起到承上啟下的作用，其中的stress-reducing與前文的thelessstress呼應。故選F項。【20題詳解】下文“approachitwithgreatcare,swimwithafriend,andmaybestartinthesummer,whenthewatertemperaturesarehigher!(小心地靠近它（冷水游泳），和朋友一起游泳，也許在夏天開始，當水溫更高的時候！)”，此處對冷水游泳提出具體的建議，E項“So,ifyou’reconvincedthatthisisforyou,takethisadvice(所以，如果你確信這是適合你的，接受這個建議)”有啟下的作用，下文為具體的建議內容。故選E項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。IwasbornintheNetherlandsandlivedthereuntilIwas30yearsold.IntheDutchcontext,Iwasemotionallyintelligent,andI___21___expectedthatthiscouldbeanydifferent.WhenattheUniversityofMichigan,Ijoinedadiscussionon___22___.Iintroducedmyselfinanunderstated(Dutch)wayas“interestedincultureandemotion”.Theprofessor,tofitAmerican___23___,addedthatIwasoneoftheworld’sexpertsoncultureandemotion.Inresponse,Ilookeddownin___24___andsaidinalowvoicethat“expert”wasabigword.IlivedinNorthCarolinaandhadnewfriendscomingovertodinner.Conversationswerelivelythatevening.Whenmyguestsleft,they___25___mefordinner.Myheartsank,becauseintheNetherlands,“thankingfordinner”meanstherelationshipis___26___.TheNetherlandsandtheUSdonothavemassivelydifferent___27___.Butemotionalinteractionsbetweenindividualsfromthesedifferentculturesarenot___28___.Theprofessormeanttomakemefeelgood,butinsteadmademe___29___.Myfriendsmeanttoshowgratitude,buttheymademethinktheyweredistancingthemselvesfromusinstead.Wherediditgowrongintheseinteractions?Inowthinktheansweristhatwewereinteractingwithdifferent____30____inmind.IntheUS,itisimportantthatpeoplefeelgoodaboutthemselves:otherpeoplehelpyou____31____andhaveself-esteem(自尊).Youareanexpert,andyoumadethespecialefforttocookusthisdeliciousdinner.____32____,intheNetherlands,itisimportanttomaketrue____33____withotherpeople,andnottopretendyouarebetterthananybodyelse.Thedailydancesofemotionsare____34____:Americansdancetothemusicofmakingeachotherspecial,whileDutchdancetothemusicoftrueconnection.Andwhenyou____35____themup,peoplestartsteppingoneachother’stoes.21.A.never B.rarely C.usually D.sometimes22.A.manners B.emotions C.literature D.intelligence23.A.standards B.procedures C.policies D.requirements24.A.anger B.delight C.disappointment D.embarrassment25.A.asked B.praised C.thanked D.blamed26.A.distant B.insincere C.harmonious D.meaningful27.A.origins B.cultures C.environment D.languages28.A.complicated B.interesting C.fluent D.regular29.A.annoyed B.anxious C.humble D.uncomfortable30.A.methods B.purposes C.expectations D.feelings31.A.standout B.showoff C.calmdown D.cheerup32.A.Inturn B.Aboveall C.Afterall D.Bycontrast33.A.promises B.contributions C.connections D.comparisons34.A.personal B.different C.important D.widespread35.A.build B.take C.pick D.mix【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.D25.C26.A27.B28.C29.D30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者一直生活在荷蘭，但在美國與人情感交流的經歷讓他意識到美國和荷蘭的情感交流目的不同，美國重視夸贊，荷蘭重視坦誠。【21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在荷蘭的環境下，我在情感上很聰明，我從未想過這會有什么不同。A.never從不；B.rarely很少地；C.usually通常；D.sometimes有時。根據上文“IwasbornintheNetherlandsandlivedthereuntilIwas30yearsold.”可知，我從出生到現在一直生活在荷蘭，由此可知，沒有接觸過外部環境，我從未想過情感表達上會有什么不同。故選A項。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在密歇根大學時，我參加了一個關于情感的討論。A.manners方式；B.emotions情感；C.literature文學；D.intelligence智力。根據下文“interestedincultureandemotion”中的“emotion”可知，我對情感感興趣，由此可知，我參加了一個關于情感的討論。故選B項。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了符合美國的標準，這位教授補充說，我是世界上文化和情感方面的專家之一。A.standards標準；B.procedures程序；C.policies政策；D.requirements要求。根據下文“IntheUS,itisimportantthatpeoplefeelgoodaboutthemselves”可知，在美國，人們自我感覺良好是很重要的，由此可知，教授是以美國的標準介紹我是“世界上文化和情感方面的專家之一”。故選A項。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為回應，我尷尬地低頭，低聲說“專家”是個很大的詞。A.anger憤怒；B.delight高興；C.disappointment失望；D.embarrassment尷尬。根據句中““expert”