The-ingformAspredicativeandobjectUnit

4

GrammarReview-ing

時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動被動一般

完成否定式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonenot+-ing/not+havingdonev-ing功能分類v-ing形式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞主語賓語表語定語定語表語狀語賓補Playingwithfireisdangerous.Jimlikesjumpinginmuddypuddles.Herideaisbuildingupanewcompany.Peoplelivingtherearequitefriendly.Hereallyneedsawashingmachine.Theperformancewasreallyamazing.Laughingandtalking,theywentin.Ilovetowatchherperformingonthestage.Review:What’sthefunctionofthe–ingformineachsentence?InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhen

talkingtoanolderperson.(Para2)

Someonewhowitnessesanotherperson

employingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.(Para3)

InFrance,aperson

encounteringanidenticalgesturemayinterpretitas

meaningzero.(Para3)

Inmanycountries,

shakingone’sheadmeans“no”,and

noddingmeans“yes”.(Para4)

Perhapsthebestexampleis

smiling.(Para6)

AdverbialObjectcomplementAttribute,ObjectSubjectPredicativeSubject1Object2Predicative3Attribute4Adverbial5Objectcomplement6Reviewoftheusageofthe–ingform-ing

時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動被動一般

完成否定式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonenot+-ing/not+havingdonePresentation-ingformaspredicative-ingformasobject-ingformasPredicative（表語）1．表示主語的內容是什么。這時主語和表語位置可以互換。Herjobis

keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.Somestudents’favoriteactivityisdaydreaming.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.＝BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.以上例子中作表語的ing短語起著名詞作用2.表示主語具有的特征。Theproblemisquitepuzzling.Thefootballmatchwasexciting.以上例子中作表語的ing短語起著形容詞作用Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.Ienjoychattingwiththem.YoushouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazil.Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.Theoldcouplehavegotusedtolivinginthecountryside.Iapproveofyou/yourtryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.-ingformasObject（賓語）動詞后介詞后Where?v-ing作賓語Wearethinkingof

(make)anewplanforthenextterm.Hereallyregrets

(waste)toomuchtimeononlinegames?makingwastingv-ing作賓語可分為介詞賓語和動詞賓語兩種-ingformasObject（賓語）只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞介詞后熟記相關短語動名詞的復合結構VS.及物動詞后作賓語含義不同含義相同只能接todo作賓語的動詞既可用動詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式todo作賓語的動詞

作及物動詞的賓語只能接-ing形式作賓語的動詞喜歡考慮要想象(enjoy,consider,imagine/fancy)介意冒險可避免(mind,risk,avoid)允許承認不喜歡(allow,admit,dislike)欣賞錯過可理解(appreciate,miss,understand)主張完成不拖延(advocate,finish,delay/postpone)建議堅持勤練習(suggest/advise/recommend,keep,practice)反對逃避不放棄(oppose/resist,escape,quit)

作及物動詞的賓語只能接-ing形式作賓語的動詞喜歡考慮要想象(enjoy,consider,imagine/fancy)介意冒險可避免(mind,risk,avoid)允許承認不喜歡(allow/permit,admit,dislike)欣賞錯過可理解(appreciate,miss,understand)主張完成不拖延(advocate,finish,delay/postpone)建議堅持勤練習(suggest/advise/recommend,keep,practice)反對逃避不放棄(oppose/resist,escape,quit)區(qū)分：只能接todo形式作賓語的動詞desiretodosthwishtodosthexpecttodosthclaimtodosthdaretodosthapplytodosthagreetodosthdeterminetodosthdecidetodosthstruggletodosthlearntodosthrefusetodosthdeclinetodosthpromisetodosthattempttodosthpreparetodosthhesitatetodosthbothertodosthpretendtodosthtendtodosth渴望做某事希望做某事期待做某事聲稱要做某事敢做某事申請做某事同意做某事下定決心做某事決定做某事盡力做某事學會做某事拒絕做某事拒絕做某事承諾做某事試圖做某事準備做某事猶豫做某事費心去做某事假裝做某事傾向于做某事不定式強調動作尚未發(fā)生，將來的動作區(qū)分：既可用動詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式todo作賓語的動詞有些動詞和動詞短語后跟動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語皆可，但含義不同。動詞賓語的形式意義forgettodo忘記做……doing忘記做過……remembertodo記著要去做……doing記得做過……regrettodo遺憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo盡力做……doing嘗試做……meantodo打算做……doing意味著……動詞賓語的形式意義goontodo接著做(另外一件事)doing接著做(同一件事)stoptodo(作目的狀語)停下來去做某事doing停止做某事區(qū)分：既可用動詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式todo作賓語的動詞need,require,want,demand,request,deserve作“需要”解時，后面接-ing形式的主動形式或不定式的被動形式，意義上并無差別。Yourcompositionneedscorrecting/

tobecorrected.Hiscoatwantscleaning

/tobecleaned.(sth.)need/want/require/deserve/request/demanddoing

=tobedone某物需要被做你需要道歉。Youneedtoapologize.作介詞賓語（常見短語）insiston堅持putoff推遲beopposedto反對lookforwardto盼望carryon繼續(xù)payattentionto注意leadto導致bedevotedto致力于getdownto著手做beaddictedto沉迷beusedto習慣于contributeto有助于adjustto適應object

to反對

beequalto勝任動名詞的復合結構作賓語名詞名詞所有格代詞賓格形容詞性物主代詞動名詞的復合結構動詞-ing形式邏輯主語+=Iapproveofyou/your

tryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.你介意打開窗戶嗎？你介意我打開窗戶嗎？你介意Marissa打開窗戶嗎？WouldyoumindMarissa/Marissa’sopeningthewindow?Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Wouldyoumindme/myopeningthewindow?注意：當動名詞的復合結構做主語時，邏輯主語只能用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞特別注意有些動詞/介詞，跟v-ing作賓語，是主動形式表被動意義。如：need,want,require,deserveTheflowersneeds/want/requirewatering.Severalotherpointsdeservementioning.need/want/require/deservedoing=need/want/require/deservetobedonev-ing作表語動名詞作表語多表示抽象性的概念或習慣性的動作,一般說明主語的內容。如：

v-ing作表語,分為動名詞作表語和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語兩種情況。Hisfavoritethingisplayingtheguitar.MyjobisteachingEnglish.v-ing作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語多表示主語的性質或特征。往往可譯為“令人…的”。Theargumentisveryconvincing.Thedailyroutinewasboring.特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時，系動詞除be外，還有appear,sound,look,become,come,get,go,grow,keep,remain,seem等。Whathesayssoundsmoreconvincing．Theproblembegantolookthreateningagain.Theresultseemed

disappointing.特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞作表語用時，相當于形容詞，表示性質或特征；進行時態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞是謂語動詞的組成部分，表示具體的動作，兩者不可混淆。Thepresentsituationisencouraging．Thepresentsituationisencouragingustostrideforwardinproduction.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在進行時PracticeLandingonthemoon’sfarsideisextremely

(challenge).Tohelpuspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggested

(read)throughournotes.Thiswell-madefilmprovidesforeignaudienceswithafreshwayofbetter

(know)trafficregulations.TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedtostopunwantedsoundfrom

(affect)you.Handingoutslicedorangestokidswhoarethirstycanbeas

(excite)aswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.challengingreadingknowingaffectingexcitingPracticeAlicelooksforwardto

(ask)togiveaspeechatthemeeting.Don’tforget

(stop)byPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Hehadtoadmitthatheregretted

(leave)schoolsoyoung.Jointeffortsshouldbemadetoprohibittheriverfrom

(pollute)bythelocalchemicalplants.beingaskedtostopleavingbeingpollutedCompletethesentencesusingthe-ingformandstatetheirfunctions.amuse,teach,breakdown,callon,bow,getthrough,assess1.Bill’sjobis

signlanguage.2.Thethemeofhispresentationis

barriersbetweengroups.3.By

,wemean“bendingourheadorbodyforwardasasignofrespectorshame”.4.

threekilometresofheavytraffictookmealmost25minutes.5.Weintendedtovisitthethemeparkbutendedup

ProfessorZhang.teachingbreakingdownbowingGettingthroughcallingonP.41Ex.2Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrases.lie,challenge,considerindividualdifferences,maintain,considerthewholepicture,evaluateapatient'scondition Readingbodylanguageisnotaneasytask.Itcanbe

becauseinterpretingthesignsthatanotherpersonshowsrequires

.Inthissense,itcanbecomparedtoadoctor

.

isalsokeytoreadingpeople’sbodylanguageaccurately.Forexample,when

,somepeopleavoideyecontact.Bycontrast,othersmay

eyecontactevenlongerthanusual.challengingconsideringthewholepictureevaluatingapatient’sconditionConsideringindividualdifferenceslyingmaintainP.41Ex.3P.41Ex.4Talkaboutthebodylanguageyoucanreadfromthefollowingpictures.Useatleastone-ingformforeachpicture.①②③Themanenjoyslookingathimselfinthemirror.Thewomanshowsimpatiencebylookingatherwatch.Theboytriestoavoidbeingbittenbythedog.PracticePractice——checkyouranswersBodylanguageisasimportantaswordsincommunication

withotherpeople.Thecrucialfactorisrecognisethefactthatbodylanguagediffersinvariouscultures,butitisalsoimportantto“doinRomeastheRomansdo.”Forexample,showthegesturefor“OK”inmanyculturescanmeaning“money”inJapanor“zero”inFrance.Bycontrast,makesuchagestureinBrazilorGermanycanbeingoffensive.Ofcourse,somebodylanguageissharingbyallcultures.Forinstance,wavedone’shandwhileseeyourfriendoffisliketosay“Good-bye”,andsmileoftengetspeoplethroughdifficultsituations.recognisingshowingmeanmakingbesharedsayingseeingwavingsmilingItwasanunpopulardecisiontopostpone______________(build)thenewhospital.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand__________(correct)them.Thoughitsoundsabittooexpensive,itisworth______________(buy).Sheisverybusy________(write)herpapers.Sheisfartoobusy_________(receive)callers.Onceyouareaddictedto________(smoke),youmayfinditdifficultforyoutoquit.Somethingiswrongwiththecomputeranditrequires_________________(repair).

Iappreciatehis_________(devote)himselftothecauseofagriculture.Shecan’tstand__________(keep)waiting.Healwaysimagine________(find)awalletonthesidewalk.Thelittleboyslippedintotheclassroomwithout__________(notice)bytheteacher.TonyBlairhadstoodfastin___________(back)theUSinitswaragainstterrorism.Peterisangryabout________________(notinvite)totheparty.TheblackpeopleintheUSareopposedto___