新大學英語跨文化交際閱讀教程WhyStudyInterculturalCommunicationWhyStudyInterculturalCommunicationWhyStudyInterculturalCommunication目錄1Understandthedefinitionofculture234AppreciatewhystudyInterculturalCommunicationKnowsomebasicculturalmodelsReflectonyourvalues,beliefs,attitudes,andbehaviorsObjectivesUnit1Unit2CONTENTS1Lead-inScenario234UnderstandingTextABroadeningInterculturalPerspectivesAssignmentPeriod1CONTENTS1InterculturalPuzzle234Comprehending&CheckingConceptsFollow-upProjectPeriod2UnderstandingCulturalDiversityLead-inScenarioLead-inScenario:LivingonCampusDiscussthetwopicturesbelowandtellwhattheymean.References:Differentshowertime;inthedaytime;atnightLead-inScenario:LivingonCampusCheckyourunderstandingbychoosingA,B,C,and/orD.References:D 2.ABCDInterculturaltips:Itisinevitablethatinternationalstudentswouldencounterculturaldifferences;Ifyoucannotchangetheother,youshouldchangeyourself;Face-to-facetalkisagoodadvice;Negotiationorcommunicationisnecessary,andmakingaproposalthatbothcanacceptissuggested.UnderstandingTextAUnderstandingTextAA.UnderstandICandLanguagePointsReadthetextandanswerthequestions:1.Whatistheessaymainlyabout?

Itisabouttheconceptandstructureofculture.2.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphtellus?

Ittellsthebasicconceptofculture.UnderstandingTextA3.Whatcultureiscomparedtointheessay?Andwhy?

Tohelpreadersvisualizetheconceptofculture,ananalogy

betweencultureandanicebergisdrawn.4.Whatdoescultureconsistof?Pleasegivesomeexamples.

visibleaspect:language,food,customs,etc.

invisibleaspect:values,beliefs,attitudes,andbehavior.A.UnderstandICandLanguagePointsUnderstandingTextAB.InterculturaltipsandlanguagepointsSomeevidencesoftheconceptofculture.(Para.1)i,Culturedictatesthenormsofeverygroup…ii,Cultureissomethingthatwedon’talwayssee…iii,Cultureissomethingthatwelearn…iv,Cultureincludes…Interculturaltips:CultureinInterculturalCommunicationreferstoone’sbeliefs,norms,values,perceptions,etc.,whicharethehiddenpart,buttheycandeterminepeople’sbehaviors.UnderstandingTextAB.Interculturaltipsandlanguagepoints2.Mostofourday-to-dayactivitiesaresonaturaltous…(Para.2).Thepara.2tellsusfurtherwhy“cultureissomethingthatwedon’talwayssee”.Interculturaltips:Thisremindsusanotherpopularmetaphorofculture:Cultureislikethewaterfishswimin–arealitythatistakenforgrantedandrarelyexamined.UnderstandingTextAB.Interculturaltipsandlanguagepoints3.Para.3-4telluswhytheanalogybetweencultureandanicebergisdrawnhere.Itimpliesthatcultureconsistsoftwoaspects:Visibleaspect–theverytipofaniceberg;Invisibleaspect–theevenbiggerpart(7/8ofaniceberg.4.Whatwecanseeissimplyanoutwardmanifestationof…(Para.5).Meaning:Allweseeistheoutwardexpressionofalltheseunnoticeablefactorsthatinfluenceourbehaviors,worldviews,attitudes,beliefs,andvalues.Interculturaltips:Thisparagraphindicatesthatwhatwecanseeisimportant,suchaslanguage,habits,orbehaviors,butwhatwecannotseeisevenmoreimportant.Forexample,wecannotseehowpeoplethink,communicate,orperceive.Ifinterculturalcommunicatorsarenotawareoftheinvisiblepartofculture,theyareboundtofailininterculturalactivities.UnderstandingTextAB.InterculturaltipsandlanguagepointsUnderstandingTextAB.Interculturaltipsandlanguagepoints5.Summarizethemainideaofpara.6-9,andtelltherelationshipsbetweenculture,values,beliefs,attitudes,andbehaviors.Para.6:Valuesarethemosthiddenpartofthestructureofculture.Para.7:Beliefsarethetruthsthatwetakeforgrantedbecausetheyarebasedonourvalues.Para.8:Anattitudegivesmeaninganddirectiontoourbeliefsandguidesourgeneralthinkingandoutlookonlifeintheshortterm.Para.9:Behavioristhedirectresultofallthesehiddenstructures:attitudes,beliefs,andvalues.BEHAVIORBEHAVIORAnoutwardmanifestationofourattitude,belief&values.5.Summarizethemainideaofpara.6-9,andtelltherelationshipsbetweenculture,values,beliefs,attitudes,andbehaviors.Interculturaltips:Therelationshipsofthesefactorscanbeillustratedasthediagramontheright.SeemoreinICPerspective(p.40-43).UnderstandingTextAB.InterculturaltipsandlanguagepointsUnderstandingTextAB.Interculturaltipsandlanguagepoints6.…thenwemustgobelowthesurfaceofwhatitmeans…(Para.10).Meaning:wemustdigintothemeaningbehindcultureandtrytoseewhatEdwardT.Hallcalledthehiddenlevelsofculture.

EdwardT.HallwasanAmericananthropologistandcross-culturalresearcher.And“thehiddendimensions”referstohistheoryofCulturalIcebergModel(p.40).6.…thenwemustgobelowthesurfaceofwhatitmeans…(Para.10).Interculturaltips:InadditiontheCulturalIcebergModel,wealsouseanonionasametaphortorefertoculturewhenwetrytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenbehaviorsandvalues.Ifwewanttoseetheinnerlayeroftheonion,weshouldpeeloffonelayerafteranother.Thesameistrueofthevalueoftheforeigncountry.UnderstandingTextAB.InterculturaltipsandlanguagepointsUnderstandingTextAB.Interculturaltipsandlanguagepoints6.…thenwemustgobelowthesurfaceofwhatitmeans…(Para.10).Interculturaltips:Ifwewanttounderstandthevaluesoneholds,wemustanalyzewhatoneisdoing,becauseone’sbehaviorisbaseduponthenorm,whichisthestandardorcriteriaoftherightorwrongwayofdoingthings.Andthisnormisdeterminedbythevalueofthecountry.Inotherwords,valuedeterminesnorms,whichcanpatternone’sbehaviors.BroadeningInterculturalPerspectives

BroadeningInterculturalPerspectivesCulturalModels(1)EdwardT.Hall’sCulturalIcebergModelEdwardT.Hall：anAmericananthropologistandcross-culturalResearcher；AfoundingfatherofInterculturalCommunication.Keypoints:Elementsofculture:cultureisanicebergwiththetipvisibleabovethewater,andalargerportionhiddenbeneaththesurface;CulturalModels(1)2.Visibleculture/surfaceculture.i.e,food,dances,andfinearts;3.Unseenculture/deepculture.i.e,attitudes,beliefs,andcorevalues.4.Theonlywaytolearntheinvisiblecultureistoactivelyparticipateintheirvisibleculture.

BroadeningInterculturalPerspectivesCulturalModels(2)GeertHofstede’sOnionModelGeertHofstede:aDutchsocialpsychologistwhodidapioneeringstudyofculturesacrossmodernnations.Keypoints:1.Culture,likeanonion,ismadeofthreelayersaroundacore.2.Theskinofanonionis“symbols”,i.e.words,gestures,flags,etc.3.Thesecondskinis“heroes”,thekindofpeopleworshipedinaculture,i.e.theMonkeyKinginChina.

BroadeningInterculturalPerspectivesCulturalModels(2)4.Thethirdlayeris“rituals”,thecollectiveactivitiesthatareconsideredessentialwithinaculture.5.Thecoreisvalues,asetofrulesthatunderliepeople’sbehavior.6.Thethreeouterlayersbelongingtothecategoryofpracticesthatarevisiblerefertowhatpeopledo,whilevaluesthatarethemostdifficulttounderstandcanindicatewhypeopledowhattheydo.

BroadeningInterculturalPerspectivesCulturalModels(3)Interculturaltips:Nomatterwhatmetaphorisusedtodescribe“culture”,amessageisclearlydelivered:instantjudgementshouldbesuspendedwhenfirstenteringanewculture.Wemusttaketimetogettoknowaculture.Otherwise,wecannotuncoverthecorevaluesandbeliefsthatunderliethebehaviorofthatculture.

BroadeningInterculturalPerspectivesTask1CheckingyourunderstandingofcultureDiscusswithyourpartneranddecidewhichcategoryeachstripbelongstointheicebergmodel.Visibleculture:behaviors&customsrock-n-roll2.ancienttemples8.schooluniformshowupontimeforappointments12.weddingceremonyFamilyreunionintheSpringFestival

BroadeningInterculturalPerspectivesTask1CheckingyourunderstandingofcultureInvisibleculture:attitudes,beliefs&corevalues(*standsforcorevalues)3.patternsofgroupdecision-making4.respecttheseniorcitizens*5.self-reliance6.competitionvscooperation7.definitionofcompassion9.attitudestowardgenderroles

*10.Timeismoney13.relationshipbetweenfamilymembers14.ideasofpastandfuture

BroadeningInterculturalPerspectivesAssignment

AssignmentAfterclasspleasereadTextAagain,andfinishtheexercisesinthispart.Reviewtheinterculturaltipsandlanguagepointswelearnedintheclass.InterculturalPuzzle

InterculturalPuzzleEnglishorPinyinforChineseMascotsWorkingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions:Doyouknow“福娃”？AndwhatdotheymeanforChinese?HowtotranslateitintoEnglish?Andwhy?

InterculturalPuzzleEnglishorPinyinforChineseMascotsWorkingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions:Doyouknow“福娃”？AndwhatdotheymeanforChinese?Reference:

Asisknown,“福娃”isthemascotofBeijingOlympicGamesin2008.Therearefivemascotsrepresentedbytheimageoffish,panda,theOlympicflames,theTibetanantelopeandswallowthatalltogetherisahomophoneof“北京歡迎你”（WelcometoBeijing）,whichrepresentsgoodluck,blessingsandfriendlinessfromChinese.

InterculturalPuzzleEnglishorPinyinforChineseMascotsWorkingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions:2.HowtotranslateitintoEnglish?Andwhy?Reference:ThefivemascotsweretranslatedintoEnglishas“Friendlies”inthefirstplace.Shortlyafterwards,manyunfavorablecommentsconcerningtheEnglishtranslationofChinese“福娃”into“Friendlies”weremadealloverChina.

InterculturalPuzzleEnglishorPinyinforChineseMascotsWorkingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions:2.HowtotranslateitintoEnglish?Andwhy?ManyscholarsarguedthattheEnglishtranslation“Friendlies”couldnotrevealwhatmascotswouldstandfor.Literally,“Friendlies,”thepluralformof“Friendly,”(whichisnotgrammaticallycorrect)isindentedtoexpressthegoodwillofmakingfriendsfromallovertheworldandtoconveythesharedwishesinsports:friendshipfirst,competitionsecond.

InterculturalPuzzleEnglishorPinyinforChineseMascotsWorkingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions:2.HowtotranslateitintoEnglish?Andwhy?Unfortunately,“Friendlies”wouldcausegravemisunderstandingsoverseas.Phonetically,itmaysoundlike“friendless,”implying“nofriendsatall”.What’sworse,itmayalsobeheardlike“friendlies.”Theargumentlastedforalmostayear.OnOctober9th,2006,theEnglishtranslation“Friendlies”waseventuallyabandoned.Instead,“Fuwa,”aPinyintranslationwasadopted.

InterculturalPuzzleEnglishorPinyinforChineseMascotsB.AnalyzetheissuesinthecaseWhatdoyouthinkofthePinyintransliterationapproachforthemascots?Whatdidyoulearnfromthiscasestudy?Interculturaltips:ItisadvisablenottotakeEnglishtranslationfortheChinesemascotasmascotisasymbolicfiguretobringgoodlucktoChinesepeople,soitwouldbeharderforpeoplefromotherculturestointerprettheintendedmessagestheChinesemascottransmits.

InterculturalPuzzleEnglishorPinyinforChineseMascotsB.AnalyzetheissuesinthecaseWhatdoyouthinkofthePinyintransliterationapproachforthemascots?Whatdidyoulearnfromthiscasestudy?Interculturaltips:Therefore,the“Pinyin”approachshowsitstwoadvantages:Oneadvantageistoavoiditspotentialmisinterpretation;theotheristhatthe“Pinyin”pronunciationofthemascotcanhelpforeignersspeaksomebasicChinesewords,whichcaninspiretheirpassioninlearningtheChineselanguage.Comprehending&CheckingConcepts

Comprehending&CheckingConceptsA.ComprehendingandReflectingReferenceanswers:BBBACC

Comprehending&CheckingConceptsB.CheckingBasicConceptsReferenceAnswers:1.bridge2.disharmony3.culturallyilliterate4.globalvillage5.coexist6.driveUnderstandingCulturalDiversity

UnderstandingCulturalDiversityA.SomeBasicConceptsInterculturaltips:Interculturalcommunicationinvolvesdifferentdisciplines.Therefore,ithasdifferenttranslationsinChinese.Interculturalcommunicationvs.Cross-culturalcommunicationInterculturalcommunicationstudiesaboutchanges-changesintheworld’ssocialrelationshipsandhowwemustadapttothem;aimstounderstandtheinfluenceofcultureonourattitudes,beliefs,andbehaviors.Cross-culturalcommunicationimpliesacomparisonbetweencultures,andplacesemphasison